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Ahead of key Supreme Court arguments, here’s which states have passed school choice measures

The U.S. Supreme Court will consider the establishment of the nation’s first religious charter school next week, a case that could have key implications for school choice across the country.
A huge majority of states have implemented some form of school choice in recent years, but only a little more than a dozen have adopted programs that make private school choice universally available to K-12 students.
Here is the full list and a timeline of the school choice movement in recent years.
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A map of US states that offer universal private school choice programs. (Fox News)
Alabama
Alabama passed its CHOOSE Act in 2024, which establishes an education savings account (ESA) that will soon be open to all families in the state.
Arizona
Arizona became the first state to offer universal school choice for all families in 2022, launching an $800 million program that gives parents $7,000 to put toward their children’s tuition.
Arkansas
Arkansas’s S.B. 294 established choice programs open to all students, regardless of income or disability status.
The accounts allow families to spend state money not just on tuition but also on other approved expenses, such as tutoring, online courses and instructional materials.

Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee told Fox News Digital a universal school choice proposal is not intended to neglect the need to support public schools in the state. (Office of the Governor of Tennessee)
Florida
Florida’s H.B. 1, passed in 2023, established choice programs open to all students, regardless of income or disability status.
The accounts allow families to spend state money not just on tuition but also on other approved expenses, such as tutoring, online courses and instructional materials.
Idaho
Idaho launched its first private school choice program through a refundable tax credit. Families can receive up to $5,000 per child for private educational expenses, with $7,500 available for students with disabilities. The program is capped at $50 million annually and prioritizes families earning up to 300% of the federal poverty level (about $96,450 for a family of four).
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Iowa
Iowa’s H.F. 68, passed in 2023, established choice programs open to all students, regardless of income or disability status.
The accounts allow families to spend state money not just on tuition but also on other approved expenses, such as tutoring, online courses and instructional materials.
Indiana
The Indiana Choice Scholarship Program grants a voucher to qualifying K-12 students that they can put toward private school tuition.
In order to qualify, students must be residents of Indiana and a member of a household that makes an «annual income of not more than 400% of the amount to qualify for the federal free and reduced price lunch program.»

Signs in the grass during a rally celebrating National School Choice Week on Halifax Mall in front of the Legislative Building in Raleigh, North Carolina, on Jan. 24, 2024.
Montana
Montana has two major school choice programs, but only one of them is universally available. The more restricted program is a standard ESA, but students must have special needs or have some other form of disability in order to qualify.
The more expansive program is a statewide tax credit scholarship program that «allows individuals and corporations to claim a 100% tax credit for contributions to approved Student Scholarship Organizations,» according to EdChoice.
The average scholarship value for participating students is $2,190.
North Carolina
North Carolina has a major voucher program that is available to all students across the state, but is limited by a budget cap.
Qualifying students will get an average voucher value of $5,701 to put toward private school tuition costs, transportation, equipment or other costs associated with attending school.
After baseline qualifications are met, vouchers are granted based on household income.
Ohio
Ohio’s school choice program awards $6,166 for grades K–8 and $8,408 for grades 9-12 to qualifying students.
Students must meet one of a series of qualifications in order to receive the award, and parents must submit their income information.
Oklahoma
Like Montana, Oklahoma employs a tax credit system to allow for school choice in the state.
«The Oklahoma Parental Choice Tax Credit provides parents of students in private school with a refundable tax credit ranging from a minimum of $5,000 up to a maximum of $7,500 per child to cover the cost of private school tuition and fees, or it provides parents of students in home school a refundable tax credit of $1,000 to cover the cost of unbundled educational expenses,» according to EdChoice.

Texas Gov. Greg Abbott speaks to students, parents and staff at Nolan Catholic High School about his school choice plan on April 19, 2023. (Amanda McCoy/Fort Worth Star-Telegram/Tribune News Service via Getty Images)
Tennessee
Tennessee passed the Education Freedom Act of 2025, creating a universal ESA program. Families receive $7,000 per student, which must first be used for tuition but can also cover other educational expenses. The program starts with 20,000 scholarships, with half reserved for students from families earning up to 300% of the free and reduced-price lunch threshold and students with disabilities. If at least 75% of scholarships are awarded, the cap will rise to 25,000 students in 2026.
Utah
Utah’s H.B. 215, passed in 2023, established choice programs open to all students, regardless of income or disability status.
The accounts allow families to spend state money not just on tuition but also on other approved expenses, such as tutoring, online courses and instructional materials.
West Virginia
West Virginia employs an ESA program to allow universal school choice for private schools, and it also has «intra-district and inter-district public school choice via open enrollment,» according to EdChoice.
The ESA program grants an average of $4,299 toward private school tuition costs.
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Wyoming
Wyoming passed HB 199 in 2025, expanding its ESA program by removing income restrictions and making it fully universal starting in 2025-26. Renamed the Steamboat Legacy Scholarship, the program will provide families with $7,000 and be funded through a $30 million appropriation. Participating students must be assessed on academic progress.
US Education,Supreme Court,Politics
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La abrupta y escandalosa ruptura entre Donald Trump y Elon Musk amenaza sus intereses: ¿Qué pierde cada uno?

Contratos multimillonarios de Musk, en el aire
Regulaciones federales
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Trump ally stands firm against ‘big, beautiful bill’ despite pressure: ‘It’ll completely backfire’

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EXCLUSIVE — One of the leading opponents of President Donald Trump’s «big, beautiful bill» declared not even the commander in chief will be able to deter him from speaking out against what he sees as a bill that falls short of Republicans’ goal of cutting government waste.
«It’ll completely backfire on him,» Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wis., told Fox News Digital of any attempts by Trump to sway him on the current legislation.
Johnson has become a prominent voice of opposition against the House GOP’s offering to the budget reconciliation process. Senate Republicans finally began the tedious process of parsing through the bill this week.
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Sen. Ron Johnson says not even President Trump can sway him on the «big, beautiful bill.» (Getty Images)
Lawmakers in the upper chamber, Johnson included, are determined to make changes to the bill, with most wanting to make reductions to Medicaid and food stamps more palatable. Trump has made it clear his bill must pass but has acknowledged the Senate will need to make a few changes.
Trump’s directive has been to deliver a bill that can survive the razor-thin majorities in both chambers.
Johnson, however, wants to see spending returned to pre-pandemic levels, cuts that are trillions of dollars deeper than what House Republicans could stomach. And he is ready to vote against the bill unless he sees the changes he wants.
And he believes that a pressure campaign from the president against him and other like-minded fiscal hawks will fail.
He said a better approach would be to work with lawmakers and fiscal hawks like him to gain a better understanding of the reality of the country’s fiscal situation, a reality that «is grim,» he said.
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Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wis., talks with reporters in the U.S. Capitol after the House passed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act May 22, 2025. (Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images)
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Johnson has been up front about his disdain for the bill but has so far avoided public retribution from Trump. In fact, the two have spoken twice this week, once on Monday and later during a Senate Finance Committee meeting at the White House Tuesday.
The lawmaker has told Trump he’s in Trump’s corner and that he wants «to see you succeed,» but he has been steadfast in his position that the bill does not go far enough to tackle the national debt.
And the debt continues to climb, nearing $37 trillion and counting, according to Fox News’ National Debt Tracker.
The House’s offering set a goal of $1.5 trillion in spending cuts over the next decade, which lawmakers in the lower chamber have pitched as a positive step forward to righting the country’s fiscal ship, an offering Johnson panned as falling drastically short of the GOP’s promises to cut deep into government spending.
«What’s so disappointing about what happened in the House is it was all rhetoric. It’s all slogans,» Johnson said. «They picked a number. Literally, they picked a number out of the air.»
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Johnson views this attempt at the budget reconciliation process as a rare opportunity to «do the hard things» when it comes to spending cuts, but others in the GOP have been more hesitant to cut as deep.
Johnson said a main reason Republicans have so far fallen short of meeting the moment for the most part is that lawmakers don’t understand just how much the federal government shovels out the door year in and year out.
The lawmaker recalled a moment roughly three years ago during a debate over another year-end omnibus spending bill, when each of the dozen appropriations bills is crammed into one, bloated package that is universally reviled and almost always passes.
He asked his colleagues if they really knew just how much the government spends, and no one «volunteered to answer.»
«Nobody knew. I mean, think of that. The largest financier in the world. We’re supposedly, in theory, the 535 members of the board of directors, and nobody knew,» he said. «Why would they? We never talked about it.»
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Johnson has been busy trying to better educate his colleagues, putting together his own charts and graphs that cut out the «noise,» like the latest nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office report that found the legislation would add $2.4 trillion to the national debt over a decade. The GOP has universally panned that projection.
«We can’t accept this as a new normal,» Johnson said. «We can’t accept — you can take pot shots of CBO, but you can’t deny that reality. [It] might be off a little bit, but that is the trajectory, and that’s undeniable.»
INTERNACIONAL
Donald Trump militariza Los Ángeles para aplacar las protestas contra las redadas masivas de migrantes

Tropas de la Guardia Nacional comenzaron a llegar a Los Ángeles este domingo por orden del presidente estadounidense Donald Trump para controlar las protestas contra las redadas de inmigrantes que mantienen en vilo a la ciudad.
Tras su despliegue, se enfrentaron con manifestantes latinos en el centro de la ciudad. Según la prensa local, arrojaron gases lacrimógenos a una creciente multitud reunida frente al Centro de Detención Metropolitano.
Minutos después se escucharon nuevos estallidos mientras algunos manifestantes coreaban “váyanse a casa” y “qué vergüenza”. Agentes uniformados derribaron a una persona, mientras que otra parecía estar sangrando de la cabeza.
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Trump asumió el control federal de las fuerzas de seguridad del estado de California para desplegar soldados en la segunda ciudad más grande del país. Se trata de una medida nunca vista en las últimas décadas y considerada “deliberadamente provocadora” por el gobernador de California, Gavin Newsom.
La medida busca desplegar 2000 efectivos de la Guardia Nacional, una fuerza de reserva de las Fuerzas Armadas estadounidenses, después de protestas y enfrentamientos desatados a causa de una serie de redadas realizadas por las autoridades de inmigración, incluso en el Distrito de la Moda de Los Ángeles.
La situación escaló de tal manera que Tom Homan, el conocido como “zar de la frontera”, amenazó con arrestar a la alcaldesa de la ciudad, Karen Bass, y al gobernador Newsom, “si se exceden” en sus competencias.
“El gobernador de California y la alcaldesa de Los Ángeles podrían enfrentar arrestos si se exceden”, dijo Homan a la cadena NBC News. “Lo digo por cualquiera (…) Es un delito grave resguardar y ocultar a sabiendas a un inmigrante ilegal. Es un delito grave impedir que las fuerzas del orden hagan su trabajo”, advirtió.
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Unos 300 soldados fueron desplegados el domingo a lo largo y ancho de la ciudad, según el comando militar, mientras una “movilización masiva” de rechazo a las redadas contra inmigrantes fue convocada frente al Ayuntamiento.
En los dos últimos días agentes federales dispararon granadas aturdidoras y gases lacrimógenos contra una multitud movilizada en contra de las detenciones de decenas de migrantes en una ciudad con fuerte población latina.
Crece la tensión por protestas de migrantes en Los Ángeles (Foto: Reuters)
Según el director adjunto de la policía federal (FBI), Dan Bongino, varias personas fueron detenidas en Los Angeles y también en Nueva York.
La alcaldesa de Los Angeles dijo a un canal local que durante la noche fueron cometidos “actos de vandalismo”, pero sostuvo que la situación “está bajo control”.
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El presidente republicano de la Cámara de Representantes, Mike Johnson, respaldó la posibilidad de recurrir a los marines en servicio activo, además de a la Guardia Nacional, una eventualidad evocada el sábado por el secretario de Defensa, Pete Hegseth.
Las autoridades federales “quieren un espectáculo. No se lo den. Nunca usen la violencia. Hablen pacíficamente”, escribió Newsom en X el sábado por la noche. Además, calificó de “desquiciada” la amenaza de Hegseth.
Incendios y gases lacrimógenos
Las redadas del Servicio de Control de Inmigración y Aduanas (ICE) en otras ciudades estadounidenses desencadenaron protestas en los últimos meses, pero los disturbios de Los Ángeles son los más grandes y prolongados contra las políticas de la administración Trump hasta la fecha.
Según informes de agencias de noticias internacionales, hubo incendios y fuegos artificiales para iluminar las calles durante los enfrentamientos del viernes y el sábado, mientras un manifestante que sostenía una bandera mexicana estaba frente a un automóvil quemado pintado con un eslogan contra el ICE, encargado de las redadas.
“Depende de nosotros defender a nuestra gente”, dijo una residente de Los Ángeles cuyos padres son inmigrantes. “No importa que nos hieran o nos gaseen. (…) No nos pararán nunca. Todo lo que nos queda es nuestra voz”, añadió.
Efectivos de la Guardia Nacional en Los Ángeles el 8 de junio del 2025. (AP foto/Eric Thayer)
Imágenes de la cadena de televisión local KABC mostraban esta mañana a miembros de la Guardia Nacional desplegados cerca del Ayuntamiento de Los Ángeles antes de llegar a un edificio federal, mientras sacaban equipamiento de sus vehículos.
Además, también captó a tropas a lo largo de la calle Alameda, en el centro de Los Ángeles, y en la localidad de Paramount, de mayoría latina y donde hubo enfrentamientos más intensos.
La Guardia Nacional, una fuerza militar de reserva, es usada en situaciones de emergencia como desastres naturales y, ocasionalmente, en casos de disturbios civiles, pero casi siempre con el consentimiento de las autoridades locales. Es la primera vez desde 1965 que un presidente despliega ese cuerpo sin la solicitud de un gobernador, según publicó en X el exdirector de Human Rights Watch Kenneth Roth.
Donald Trump culpa a la “izquierda radical”
En tanto, Trump culpó este domingo a la “izquierda radical” de estar detrás de los disturbios en la ‘Ciudad de las Estrellas’.
“Estas protestas de la izquierda radical, por instigadores y a menudo alborotadores pagados, no serán toleradas. Además, a partir de ahora, no se permitirá el uso de máscaras en las protestas. ¿Qué tiene que ocultar esta gente y por qué? Una vez más, ¡gracias a la Guardia Nacional por el trabajo bien hecho!”, indicó el mandatario.
Durante la noche, el área metropolitana de Los Ángeles se mantuvo relativamente tranquila en comparación con las protestas que comenzaron el viernes después de que funcionarios federales realizaran redadas migratorias en el condado de Los Ángeles.
Tensión en Los Ángeles tras protestas contra las masivas redadas de migrantes (Foto: Reuters/Barbara Davidson)
La madrugada del domingo, la Policía reportó que detuvo a varias personas tras declarar una reunión en el centro de Los Ángeles como asamblea ilegal. En Paramount, tres personas acusadas de agredir a agentes fueron arrestadas durante la noche.
El sábado se produjeron enfrentamientos cerca de un Home Depot en la propia Paramount, al sur de Los Ángeles, donde agentes federales se encontraban en una oficina cercana del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional.
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Se registraron múltiples personas heridas entre los manifestantes golpeados por balas de goma y las granadas. Las autoridades utilizaron tácticas militares para dispersar a los manifestantes y poder sacar a los detenidos.
La tensión era alta después de una serie de redadas realizadas por las autoridades de inmigración el día anterior, incluso en el Distrito de la Moda de Los Ángeles. El recuento de arrestos de inmigrantes en una semana en la ciudad superaba los 100 detenidos.
(Con información de AFP y EFE)
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