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De barcaza a cárcel flotante, la increíble historia de la nave que explica la globalización

Un barco de acero de 9.500 toneladas, construido en un astillero sueco en 1979, se convierte en el inesperado protagonista de un análisis profundo sobre la globalización y sus transformaciones. El historiador de Harvard Ian Kumekawa utiliza esta embarcación en su libro Empty Vessel: The Story of the Global Economy in One Barge (“Barco vacío: La historia de la economía global en una barcaza”) como un símbolo tangible de los cambios económicos globales, desde su construcción en una época de declive industrial en Occidente hasta su papel en crisis económicas y sociales a lo largo de décadas.
El libro detalla cómo este barco, diseñado originalmente como una barcaza portacontenedores, nunca cumplió su propósito inicial debido a un exceso de capacidad en el transporte marítimo y al impacto de la crisis del petróleo en los años setenta. En lugar de transportar carga, la embarcación asumió múltiples roles a lo largo de su vida útil: desde alojamiento flotante para trabajadores de plataformas petroleras en el Mar del Norte, hasta cuartel para soldados británicos durante la Guerra de las Malvinas en 1982, e incluso cárcel flotante en el East River de Nueva York en 1992. Kumekawa describe al barco como un “pontón sin voz, personalidad ni propósito propio”, cuya flexibilidad lo convirtió en un recurso valioso en tiempos de crisis.
El autor utiliza esta historia para ilustrar cómo los grandes cambios globales, como la desindustrialización, la privatización y la globalización financiera, se manifiestan en objetos físicos y en las vidas de las personas que los rodean. Kumekawa argumenta que fenómenos abstractos como la “financiarización” y la “desregulación” dependen de activos tangibles, como este barco, que a menudo están vinculados a contextos de violencia física y explotación laboral.
El libro también aborda las condiciones laborales en el astillero sueco Finnboda, donde se construyó la embarcación. Según Kumekawa, los trabajadores enfrentaban riesgos significativos, como exposición al asbesto y a pintura con plomo, pérdida de audición y accidentes frecuentes. Estas condiciones reflejan las tensiones económicas y sociales de una época en la que países como Suecia y Estados Unidos experimentaban un declive en su capacidad industrial.
Tras su construcción, el barco fue adquirido por una empresa noruega y utilizado en el Mar del Norte, donde generaba ingresos al operar en campos petroleros o transportar restos de barcos de guerra alemanes. Sin embargo, su verdadero valor residía en su capacidad para servir como una herramienta financiera. Según Kumekawa, los inversores noruegos podían utilizar la embarcación para obtener beneficios fiscales, lo que la hacía más valiosa como abstracción financiera que como un barco funcional.
En 1982, durante la Guerra de las Malvinas, el barco y su gemelo fueron utilizados como alojamiento para soldados británicos. Sin embargo, no fue el gobierno británico quien adquirió las embarcaciones, sino la empresa privada Bibby Line. Este episodio, según Kumekawa, ejemplifica la “tensa relación” entre el globalismo y el nacionalismo en la era de Margaret Thatcher, quien promovía la privatización mientras apelaba al patriotismo.
El barco continuó su trayectoria como un recurso adaptable en diferentes contextos. En Alemania Occidental, sirvió como vivienda temporal para aprendices de Volkswagen, y en Estados Unidos, como cárcel flotante en Manhattan. Durante este tiempo, la empresa propietaria, Bibby Line, registró la embarcación bajo la bandera de las Bahamas, una práctica conocida como “reabanderamiento” que permite a las empresas beneficiarse de impuestos más bajos y regulaciones más laxas. Según Kumekawa, estas “banderas de conveniencia” son un símbolo de la globalización, ya que permiten a los intereses económicos adaptarse a un mundo en constante cambio.
El autor también destaca las consecuencias humanas de estas prácticas. En 2018, el barco gemelo de la embarcación protagonista quedó abandonado en Walvis Bay, Namibia, junto con otros barcos de la empresa Halani Shipping, registrada en San Vicente y las Granadinas. Una tripulación india de ocho personas quedó varada sin salario durante más de nueve meses, reflejando la falta de supervisión y responsabilidad en un sistema globalizado.
Con Empty Vessel, Kumekawa ofrece una perspectiva única sobre la globalización, utilizando la historia de un barco aparentemente insignificante para explorar cómo los cambios económicos globales afectan tanto a las estructuras materiales como a las vidas humanas.
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Trump front-and-center in Republican primary for governor as early voting kicks off

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PINE HILL, NEW JERSEY – One week to go until primary day in New Jersey, and Republican gubernatorial candidate Jack Ciattarelli was getting a shoutout from the most powerful and influential politician in the GOP.
«I’m asking you to get out and vote for a true champion for the people of your state – Jack Ciattarelli. He’s been a friend of mine, and he’s been a real success story,» President Donald Trump told supporters as he dialed into a tele-rally on the eve of Tuesday’s kickoff of early voting in New Jersey.
Trump’s praise came two weeks after he endorsed Ciattarelli for the Republican nomination in a primary race that turned into a battle for the president’s support.
«It’s a really big deal,» Ciattarelli said in a Monday interview with Fox News Digital after meeting with local GOP politicians and leaders at the Trump National Golf Club-Philadelphia in this South Jersey borough, when asked about the significance of Trump’s endorsement. «The president’s doing very, very well in New Jersey.»
NEW YORK GOV. KATHY HOCHUL FACING DEMOCRATIC PRIMARY CHALLENGE FROM HER OWN LT. GOVERNOR
Republican gubernatorial candidate Jack Ciattarelli campaigns in Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey on June 1, 2025. (Jack Ciattarelli campaign)
Ciattarelli, a former state lawmaker, is making his third bid for governor. He ran unsuccessfully for the GOP nomination in 2017. Four years later, in 2021, as the Republican nominee, Ciattarelli overperformed and came close to ousting Democratic incumbent Gov. Phil Murphy, losing by just three points.
In the showdown to succeed Murphy, who is term-limited and prevented from running for re-election, polls suggest that Ciattarelli is the front-runner in a Republican nomination race that includes two other prominent candidates – former businessman and popular conservative talk radio host Bill Spadea and state Sen. Jon Bramnick, a lawyer who served for a decade as state Assembly GOP leader.
NEW JERSEY PRIMARY AN EARLY TEST OF TRUMP’S SECOND ADMINISTRATION
And Ciattarelli and Spadea spent months trading fire over which of them was a bigger Trump supporter.
«It was certainly disappointing,» Spadea said of Trump’s endorsement of Ciattarelli. «I mean, we made no bones about this. We absolutely wanted the President’s endorsement. Unfortunately, the President endorsed a poll and not a plan.»
And in a Fox News Digital interview, Spadea emphasized that «I have been a supporter of President Trump since he came down the escalator,» as he referenced Trump’s announcement in 2015 of his first presidential campaign.
«There is no question that I am the common-sense conservative. I am the actual Republican in this primary,» Spadea claimed.
And Spadea questioned Ciattarelli’s support for Trump, claiming that his rival «has disrespected him for the better part of the last eight years…We thought that that endorsement would have been better served with me.»
Four years ago, after he won the GOP gubernatorial nomination, Ciattarelli, when asked if he was seeking the then-former president’s endorsement, told Fox News Digital «there’s only one endorsement I seek, and that’s the endorsement of the voters of New Jersey. That’s the only one that matters.»
Fast forward to 2025, and Ciattarelli emphasized that «people really appreciate what he [Trump] is doing for New Jerseyans. He’s put a temporary hold on the wind farms off the Jersey Shore. He’s beating up on the New York Democrats over congestion pricing. He supports a quadrupling of the SALT [state and local tax] deduction on our federal tax returns. Those are big deals to New Jersey, and that’s why he’s got so much great support here. And I’m honored to have his endorsement.»
REPUBLICAN GOVERNORS CHAIR, POINTING TO CAMPAIGN BATTLES AHEAD, TOUTS ‘OUR POLICIES ARE BETTER’
While he lost out on Trump’s endorsement, Spadea said there’s been a silver lining.
«Our supporters are galvanized. Matter of fact, the Tuesday and Wednesday after Trump endorsed Jack, we had a surge, our two best days ever in low-dollar fundraising,» Spadea said. «So it actually has had the opposite effect, our low-dollar surge, our volunteer surge, we’re now knocking on more than 3,000 doors a week, and we’re getting an unbelievable response from the grassroots.»

Republican gubernatorial candidate Bill Spadea talks with voters at a street fair in Somerville, New Jersey, on June 1, 2025. (Bill Spadea campaign)
Spadea said that «almost every Trump supporter that we’ve talked to face-to-face on the ground thinks that Donald Trump made a huge mistake» in endorsing Ciattarelli.
And Spadea, who was interviewed in downtown Princeton, New Jersey, added that «Trump supporters believe in common-sense policies, populism, patriotism. It’s not about being told who to vote for.»
Asked why Trump endorsed him rather than Spadea, Ciattarelli said that «the president wants to win. He knows that I provide the best opportunity to win in November.»
«He knows we’re going to raise the necessary money. We’ve raised more money than the other five Republican gubernatorial candidates combined,» added Ciattarelli, a certified public accountant who started a medical publishing company before getting into politics.
The fundraising advantage has allowed Ciattarelli to dominate the ad wars, although Spadea said that «in the last couple of weeks we’ve actually outspent my opponent on the air» and predicted that «we’re going to win.»
And Spadea, pointing to his media career, touted that «I built the largest audience in the state, a third Democrat, a third independent, a third Republican. So my appeal is not just that conservative base in the Republican Party. I’m the only candidate running for the Republican nomination that can pull in Democrats and independents.»
New Jersey has long been a blue-leaning state, but Republicans have had success in gubernatorial elections.
«It’s not a blue state when it comes to Governor races, Republicans have won six of the last 11. That’s better than 50%,» Ciattarelli said.
And Trump, who spends summer weekends at his golf club in Bedminster, New Jersey, held a very large rally last year in Wildwood, N.J. And he improved from a 16-point loss in the state in the 2020 election to a 6-point deficit last November.

Then-Republican presidential candidate, former President Donald Trump speaks during a very large campaign rally in Wildwood, New Jersey, on Saturday, May 11, 2024. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)
«The president’s doing very, very well in New Jersey. He performed well here last election day,» Ciattarelli said.
And Ciattarelli, looking ahead to the general election campaign, said he’s «really looking forward» to Trump’s «active participation…I think New Jerseyans are anxious to have him on the campaign trail with me and help deliver a win for us in November.»
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New Jersey’s governor’s race will likely grab plenty of national attention as Election Day nears, as it’s one of just two states, along with Virginia, to hold gubernatorial contests in the year after a presidential election.
Ciattarelli, pointing to his ballot box performance against Murphy four years ago, said that «we were the spark that lit the fuse in ’21 with that very close race. The president before performed well here last November.»
«The country is watching and I think we’re gonna deliver a very loud and clear message that New Jersey’s going Republican this year,» he predicted.
INTERNACIONAL
Paso a paso: cómo fue la audaz «Operación Telaraña» con drones con la que Ucrania destruyó más de 40 aviones rusos

Ucrania dice que cuatro aeródromos fueron atacados
El ataque tuvo como objetivo bombarderos utilizados para atacar Ucrania
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El ataque es el último en usar el elemento sorpresa
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South Koreans cast votes for new president to succeed Yoon after his ouster over martial law declaration

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Millions of South Korean voters are casting their ballots on Tuesday for a new president in a snap election following the ouster of former President Yoon Suk Yeol.
Yoon, a conservative, faces trial on rebellion charges over his short-lived martial law declaration in December.
Pre-election surveys suggested Lee Jae-myung, Yoon’s liberal archrival, appeared poised to coast to victory due to public frustration over the conservatives in the wake of Yoon’s martial law decree.
The main conservative candidate, Kim Moon Soo, has struggled to win over moderate swing voters, as his People Power Party grapples with internal feuding over how to view Yoon’s actions.
SOUTH KOREA FACES HIGH-STAKES ELECTION; FEARS OVER CHINA, NORTH KOREA, US TIES SHAPE VOTER CONCERNS
South Korea’s Democratic Party’s presidential candidate, Lee Jae-myung, arrives for a presidential election campaign in Seoul, South Korea, Monday, June 2, 2025. (AP)
Over the past six months, large crowds of people rallied in the streets to either protest against Yoon or come to his support.
The winner of the election will immediately be sworn in as president on Wednesday for a single, full five-year term without the typical two-month transition period. The new president will face significant challenges, including a slowing economy, U.S. President Donald Trump’s tariffs and North Korea’s nuclear threats.
Voting began at 6 a.m. at more than 14,000 polling stations nationwide. Polls will close at 8 p.m., and observers say a winner could be declared as early as midnight.
SOUTH KOREAN PRESIDENT REMOVED FROM OFFICE FOUR MONTHS AFTER DECLARING MARTIAL LAW

Kim Moon Soo, presidential candidate with the People Power Party, holds an election campaign rally in Seoul, South Korea, late Monday, June 2, 2025. (AP)
As of 2 p.m. local time, more than 13 million people had cast their ballots. Roughly 15 million also voted during last week’s two-day early voting period, meaning voter turnout stood at 65.5%. South Korea has 44.4 million eligible voters.
On Tuesday, Lee, whose Democratic Party led the legislative effort to oust Yoon, urged voters to «deliver a stern and resolute judgement» against the conservatives over Yoon’s martial law declaration.
In one of his final campaign speeches on Monday, Lee argued that a victory by Kim would represent «the return of the rebellion forces, the destruction of democracy and the deprival of people’s human rights.» He also vowed to revitalize the economy, reduce inequality and ease national divisions.

A woman casts her vote for the presidential election at a polling station in Seoul, South Korea, Tuesday, June 3, 2025. (AP)
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Kim, a former labor minister under Yoon, warned that a win by Lee would allow him to hold excessive power, launch political retaliation against opponents and legislate laws to protect him from various legal troubles, as his party already has control of parliament.
Lee «is now trying to seize all power in South Korea and establish a Hitler-like dictatorship,» Kim said at a rally in the southeastern city of Busan.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
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