INTERNACIONAL
Las potencias nucleares modernizan su arsenal y le abren la puerta a una nueva carrera armamentista atómica

En medio de las guerras en curso entre Israel e Irán, Gaza y Ucrania, los principales países dotados de armas nucleares, en especial Estados Unidos y Rusia, modernizaron sus arsenales el año pasado y abrieron la vía a una nueva carrera armamentística atómica.
La advertencia fue hecha por el Instituto Internacional de Investigación para la Paz de Estocolmo (SIPRI).
Leé también: Conflicto en Medio Oriente: Trump rechazó el plan israelí para matar al líder supremo de Irán
Las potencias nucleares, lideradas por Washington y Moscú, que representan alrededor del 90% de las reservas mundiales, emprendieron “la modernización de las armas existentes y agregan nuevas versiones” a su arsenal atómico, reveló el organismo en un comunicado.
Del inventario total estimado en enero pasado de 12.241 ojivas, unas 9614 se encontraban en arsenales militares para uso potencial; 3912 de ellas están desplegadas con misiles y aviones; y unas 2100, en estado de alerta máxima en misiles balísticos.
“El número de ojivas nucleares comienza a aumentar”
Desde el fin de la guerra fría, las antiguas ojivas por lo regular fueron desmanteladas más rápido que el despliegue de las nuevas. Esto llevó a una disminución de su número total en el mundo.
Pero esta tendencia puede invertirse en los próximos años. El hongo nuclear que siguió tras la bomba de Hiroshima (Foto de archivo: AFP)
“Lo que constatamos hoy de antemano es que el número de ojivas nucleares operativas comienza a aumentar”, declaró Dan Smith, director del SIPRI.
China suma 100 nuevas ojivas cada año
Ese es el caso de China que, según los cálculos del instituto, posee unas 600 ojivas nucleares, tras agregar 100 nuevas cada año en 2023 y 2024.
“China aumenta con regularidad su fuerza nuclear”, dijo Smith. Es “posible que alcance 1000 ojivas de aquí a siete u ocho años”, agregó.
Leé también: Israel quiere destruir la capacidad nuclear iraní y presiona para lograr un cambio de régimen en Medio Oriente
A su vez, Rusia y Estados Unidos disponen de “vastos programas de modernización y reemplazo de sus ojivas nucleares”, indicó el informe.
El SIPRI recordó que el Tratado de Reducción de Armas Estratégicas (START III) expira en febrero de 2026. Además, alertó que, si no se alcanza un nuevo acuerdo bilateral, es probable un aumento del número de ojivas desplegadas.
Qué sucede en Europa
Reino Unido no habría aumentado su número de ojivas en 2024.
Sin embargo, prosiguió el reporte, dada la decisión tomada por Londres en 2021 de aumentar el límite del número de ojivas de 225 a 260, es probable que ese número aumente en el futuro.
Aunque el arsenal de Francia permanece estable en unas 290 ojivas, “su programa de modernización nuclear avanzó en 2024”.
Asia: el caso de India y Pakistán
En tanto, India y Pakistán, dos enemigos históricos, “siguieron desarrollando nuevos tipos de vectores de armas nucleares en 2024”.
A inicios de 2025, India disponía de una “reserva creciente” de unas 180 armas nucleares, mientras el arsenal pakistaní sigue estable en unas 170 ojivas.
El programa de armas nucleares de Corea del Norte está en “el corazón de su estrategia de seguridad nacional”, según el informe, que calcula en unas 50 ojivas su arsenal, que puede llegar a un total “de 90 ojivas” en un futuro.
Israel, un país nuclear no reconocido
Israel, que no reconoce la posesión de armas nucleares y enfrenta varios frentes de guerra con Irán y en Gaza en primer plano, también estaría modernizando su arsenal.
Según el SIPRI, su poderío atómico se estimaba en unas 90 ojivas a comienzos del año. La nube con forma de hongo tras el impacto de la bomba atómica lanzada en Hiroshima el 6 de agosto de 1945 (Fuente: EFE).
La carrera armamentística nuclear que se avecina no sólo concierne “el número de ojivas”, advirtió Smith.
“Será altamente tecnológica” y tendrá lugar tanto “en el espacio como en el ciberespacio”, ya que los programas para controlar y guiar las armas nucleares serán también un sector competitivo, añade el experto.
Leé también: Tras los ataques de Irán a Israel, la DAIA reforzará las medidas de seguridad en las instituciones judías
El rápido desarrollo de la inteligencia artificial jugará probablemente un papel, primero como complemento de los humanos.
“La siguiente etapa sería pasar a la automatización total. Ese es un paso que nunca se debe dar”, afirmó Smith.
(Con información de AFP y EFE)
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Spanberger slams Trump on ‘affordability’ in SOTU response — as Virginia Democrats push new taxes

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Virginia Gov. Abigail Spanberger slammed President Donald Trump over his mass deportation operations in her official Democratic response to the State of the Union and repeated claims her party favors «affordability» even as the Old Dominion sees scores of new taxes.
Spanberger, elected in November to succeed conservative Gov. Glenn Youngkin, has sought to claim the mantle of «affordability,» even as she and Richmond Democrats move to enact or raise new taxes in multiple forms.
Speaking from the original historic House of Burgesses at the head of Colonial Williamsburg’s Duke of Gloucester Street, Spanberger noted how in 1705, the colony first gathered with the «extraordinary task of governing themselves.»
«The United States was founded on the idea that ordinary people could reject the unacceptable excesses of poor leadership, band together to demand better of their government, and create a nation that would be an example for the world,» she said, contrasting that vision with what Trump has brought.
Virginia Gov. Abigail Spanberger delivers an address in Richmond. (Al Drago/Getty Images)
«Tonight, as we watched our nation’s lawmakers gather for a joint session of Congress, we did not hear the truth from our president,» she said, going on to rhetorically ask three questions:
«Is the President working to make life more affordable for you and your family? Is the President working to keep Americans safe — both at home and abroad? Is the President working for you?»
Spanberger recounted her 2025 election season, traveling around Virginia and addressing, «housing, health care, energy and childcare.»
She blamed Trump’s tariff policies for increasing costs, and claimed it has been Republicans trying to «make your life more expensive.»
Republicans have criticized Spanberger for supporting the legislative Democratic majority’s slew of taxes, from new sales taxes to a levy on fantasy football operators.
DEMOCRATS’ ‘TRUMP DERANGEMENT SYNDROME’ ON ‘FULL DISPLAY’ WITH COUNTER-STATE OF THE UNION EVENTS, JOHNSON SAYS
Instead, Spanberger said it was Virginia’s blue legislature that is working to lower costs:
«But here in Virginia, I am working with our state legislature to lower costs and make the Commonwealth more affordable.»
«And it’s not just me. Democrats across the country are laser-focused on affordability — in our nation’s capital and in state capitals and communities across America.»
At one point in her speech, Spanberger appeared to briefly lose her place on the teleprompter:
«But as the President spoke of his perceived successes tonight, he continues to cede economic power and technological strength to Russia … bow down to … China …to bow down to a Russian dictator, and make plans for war with Iran,» she said, as her prepared remarks cited China as the technological rival.
Just as House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., wielded George Washington’s gavel for the first time in State of the Union history, Spanberger also gave a nod to the famous Stafford, Va., native.
«In his Farewell Address, George Washington warned us about the possibility of ‘cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men’ rising to power,» she said. «But he also encouraged us — all Americans — to unite in ‘a common cause’ to move this nation forward.»
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«That is our charge once more. And that is what we are seeing across the country. It is deeply American and patriotic to do so, and it is how we ensure that the State of our Union remains strong, not just this year but for the next 250 years as well.»
«Because ‘We the people’ have the power to make change, the power to stand up for what is right, and the power to demand more of our nation,» Spanberger said to close her remarks.
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Troops reinforce Puerto Vallarta as unrest shows signs of easing following El Mencho’s death

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Mexico’s Navy and armed forces have reinforced security across Jalisco following the killing of Jalisco New Generation Cartel leader Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, known as «El Mencho,» in an operation that triggered retaliatory violence and raised concerns for the safety of the many American and foreign tourists who are staying in the area.
In a Feb. 24 press release, Mexico’s Secretariat of the Navy said 103 Marines and tactical vehicles arrived in the main tourist area of Puerto Vallarta aboard the naval vessel ARM «Usumacinta» (A-412) to reinforce surveillance and security operations after attacks targeting businesses and property in several neighborhoods.
Naval authorities said additional personnel supported by boats, aircraft and ground vehicles were deployed to conduct maritime, aerial and land patrols to help restore order.
A soldier clears a roadblock on a road leading to Tapalpa, Mexico, Monday, Feb. 23, 2026, a day after the Mexican army killed Jalisco New Generation Cartel leader Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, known as «El Mencho.» (Marco Ugarte/AP Photo)
The naval reinforcement came as federal authorities sent roughly 2,000 additional soldiers to Jalisco following the cartel leader’s death, Reuters reported.
The operation targeting El Mencho, long considered one of Mexico’s most powerful drug traffickers and head of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, sparked immediate retaliation from cartel members, including roadblocks, vehicle burnings and clashes across multiple states, AP reported.
Mexican officials have framed the killing as a major blow to organized crime. But analysts caution that removing a cartel leader does not necessarily translate into lasting stability.
David Mora, an analyst at the International Crisis Group, stated that «federal authorities announced that they are reinforcing troop deployments to contain the cartel’s backlash, which may be protracted.»
SOCCER MATCHES POSTPONED AFTER MEXICO KILLS CARTEL LEADER ‘EL MENCHO’ NEAR WORLD CUP HOST

The State Department declared El Mencho deceased on Tuesday. (State Department)
Mora added that «El Mencho left no clear heir, and the remaining leaders could dispute control,» and warned that the cartel’s ongoing turf wars with smaller groups, especially in Guanajuato and Michoacán, could intensify as rivals seek advantage.
While the killing delivered President Claudia Sheinbaum «a win with Washington,» Mora said, «it is far from clear the killing will aid the president’s ultimate goal of pacifying Mexico.»
Duncan Wood, a visiting fellow for North America at the Wilson Center, described the operation as a demonstration of state authority but warned the aftermath may hinge on the cartel’s structure.
TRUMP’S ‘TOTAL ELIMINATION’ STRATEGY PAVED WAY FOR FALL OF CARTEL KINGPIN ‘EL MENCHO’

Mexican navy marines guard the area where new clandestine mass graves were found near the town of La Joya, on the ouskisrts of Iguala, Mexico, Thursday Oct. 9, 2014. ((AP Photo/Felix Marquez))
«The removal of El Mencho represents a meaningful assertion of Mexican state authority against one of the country’s most violent criminal organizations. The chaos that followed was real, but temporary,» Wood said.
«In the medium term, the focus shifts to the resilience of the CJNG’s decentralized cells and the Mexican government’s capacity to sustain a comprehensive security strategy.»
In a statement posted Feb. 24 on X, the Embassy of Mexico in the United States said transit corridors were reopening and public services were being restored, airline operations were returning to normal and Puerto Vallarta International Airport had reopened to domestic traffic.
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Members of the National Guard stand guard outside the facilities of the Specialized Prosecutor’s Office for Organized Crime (FEMDO) in Mexico City, Mexico on Feb. 22, 2026. The security presence outside the FEMDO facilities follows an operation earlier in the day in which cartel leader Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, known as ‘El Mencho’ was killed during a military operation in Tapalpa, in the state of Jalisco, authorities confirmed. (Daniel Cardenas/Anadolu via Getty Image)
The embassy said some local security measures remain in place and that authorities are working with international partners to ensure safety at transit hubs and tourist destinations.
Whether the surge of troops and naval forces will prevent a broader escalation remains uncertain as authorities brace for potential power struggles within the cartel and continued clashes with rival groups.
Armando Regil Velasco and Reuters contributed to this report
location mexico,mexican cartel violence,military,navy
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