INTERNACIONAL
La cruda y poco glamurosa verdad sobre los antihéroes del Salvaje Oeste

He estado obsesionado durante mucho tiempo con el hecho de que, en 1869, incluso mientras se erigía el Puente de Brooklyn, podías subirte a un tren en la Ciudad de Nueva York y, días después, desembarcar en un universo paralelo donde los guerreros comanches a caballo aún reinaban invictos sobre las Grandes Llanuras. Los dos mundos coincidieron durante un brevísimo momento, una época en la que, bajo los cielos inmensos de esa frontera indómita, también surgió ese icono tan estadounidense: el vaquero, y su alter ego aún más heroico, el pistolero del Viejo Oeste. Crecí con ellos; todos lo hicimos, sin importar el año en que nacimos. Incluso en el ocaso de la carrera de Clint Eastwood, puedes ver una película western moderna de una u otra forma cualquier noche, entre ellas una de las mejores series televisivas jamás escritas: el drama shakespeariano “Deadwood” de David Milch.
El pistolero: cómo Texas hizo salvaje el Oeste, de Bryan Burrough, una historia de esa época (idealmente combinada con el fantástico libro Empire of the Summer Moon de S.C. Gwynne, sobre los comanches durante el mismo período), es una gran desmitificación, advierte Burrough. No pretende probar que esas figuras legendarias de la frontera fueran puramente mitológicas, pero sí pone su atención en cómo fueron mitologizadas.

Olvida los duelos en las calles de Dodge City y Tombstone, las puertas de los salones oscilando al ritmo de la música de Ennio Morricone mientras el tiempo se ralentizaba y los hombres alcanzaban sus armas. Más a menudo, se trataba simplemente de asesinato: una violencia repentina y explosiva, a menudo con un componente racial contra personas negras, latinas y nativas americanas, especialmente durante los primeros años en Texas. La gente era disparada en el ojo. En la espalda. En las manos. No se necesitaba ningún truco de disparo. Se les disparaba a través de puertas, a través de paredes. Se les disparaba con pistolas, con rifles, y se les disparaba atrincherados en hoteles, burdeles, ranchos, trenes y bancos, o a la intemperie en las calles, en cualquier lugar.
Sobre el legendario John Wesley Hardin, inmortalizado por Rock Hudson en una película de 1953, por Johnny Cash en dos canciones y por Bob Dylan en todo un álbum, Burrough escribe: “Hardin recorrió las zonas rurales de Texas disparando a hombres en la cara. … Mataba a cualquiera que le irritara de alguna forma, desde hombres negros que le parecían irrespetuosos hasta hombres blancos que lo vencían en el póker o lo empujaban en una multitud; más famoso aún, probablemente mató a un hombre por roncar. Puede que haya sido el primer ‘gran’ pistolero, pero también está claro que era un maniático.”

La historia —y la muerte— de Wild Bill Hickok, uno de los más famosos de todos, es típica. Su leyenda inicial fue fantásticamente exagerada y su desenlace (momento en el que ya era un alcohólico y jugador artrítico de menos de 40 años) ocurrió mientras jugaba al póker en un salón (en Deadwood, por supuesto). Cuando “un borracho llamado Jack McCall estaba perdiendo mucho dinero,” Hickok le animó a tomarse un descanso y McCall abandonó la mesa, solo para regresar al día siguiente por la tarde. Se acercó por detrás de Hickok y “puso un Colt .45 al lado de su sien, y con las palabras ‘¡Maldito seas! ¡Toma esto!’ apretó el gatillo. Hickok murió instantáneamente.” No hubo ningún duelo, algo que la serie “Deadwood” parece haber retratado con precisión.
Este no es un libro pesado o soporífero de historia, sino un viaje rápido a través de los años 1869 hasta 1901, cuando se alinearon un conjunto específico de condiciones: el fin de la Guerra Civil, la expansión de los ferrocarriles y la ganadería extensiva en tierras abiertas, lo que llevó a un gran número de sureños, particularmente texanos, a conducir manadas hacia el oeste y el norte en territorios con poco gobierno o fuerzas del orden.

“Si piensas en la masculinidad de Texas en la posguerra como un caldero burbujeante,” escribe Burrough, “su base era el código de honor sureño, pero otros ingredientes también fueron cruciales: la convulsión de la guerra, el riesgo persistente y continuo de saqueadores mexicanos e indígenas, el rigor y la soledad de la vida en la frontera, el odioso resentimiento hacia la dominancia del norte. … De este mezcla explosiva emergió una forma marcadamente marcial de experimentar el mundo: tribal, fuertemente armada, hipermasculina, hiperviolenta y extremadamente sensible a cualquier ofensa.” Oxidando esta explosión latente se encontraba la introducción del revólver Colt, la primera pistola producida en masa, fácil de llevar, y capaz de disparar rápidamente.
En este paisaje sin ley de frágiles egos masculinos aferrándose a nociones distorsionadas y con frecuencia alimentadas por el alcohol acerca del honor, las balas vuelan, los cuerpos se acumulan, las páginas se pasan rápido y con facilidad, y vienen a la mente otros lugares e ideas: cómo estos glorificados iconos americanos no son tan diferentes de otros hombres en otras culturas y épocas mucho más fácilmente vilipendiadas, como los jóvenes que hoy en día llenan nuestras prisiones. O las culturas del honor en todas partes, como los pastunes de las regiones tribales de Pakistán y Afganistán, por ejemplo, que nunca han sido celebrados en el cine, la televisión o la música popular.

De hecho, Burrough deja claro que no había mucho que celebrar en estos hombres y sus historias, y en el momento en que sucedió, “el pistolero no era realmente ‘algo.’” “Aunque lucharon en el siglo XIX, la fama de hombres como Earp y Hickok creció durante el siglo XX, gracias a los medios de comunicación modernos, especialmente las películas de Hollywood.”
Es un recordatorio de que somos selectivos con nuestros héroes. Y que la historia de Estados Unidos no fue hecha solo por los Padres Fundadores, sino también por los pícaros, los jugadores, los mentirosos y los asesinos que han llenado durante mucho tiempo sus capítulos más sórdidos. Resulta que nuestra nación siempre ha sido moldeada también por estos últimos, y leer sobre ellos años después de los hechos, aunque fuesen antihéroes, sigue siendo una experiencia tremendamente entretenida.
Fuente: The Washington Post
35-39 years:cb2,actor:cb2,caucasian ethnicity:cb2,cigarette:cb2,clint eastwood:cb2,daytime:cb2,film industry:cb2,hat:cb2,looking at camera:cb2,mid-adult man:cb2,movie set:cb2,one person:cb2,outdoors:cb2,portrait:cb2,prominent persons:cb2,smoking:cb2,spain:cb2,three-quarter view:cb2,wild west:cb2
INTERNACIONAL
Francia cierra los stands de Israel en una gran feria internacional de aeronáutica y armamento en rechazo a la guerra en Gaza

Decisión del gobierno de Francia
Protesta contra la presencia israelí en la feria
Denuncias de Amnistía Internacional
No podían exponer armas usadas en Gaza
Crisis diplomática
Más ventas para Airbus
INTERNACIONAL
Randi Weingarten, Lee Saunders quit DNC in latest blow to Dem Party leadership

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Two top union leaders have departed the Democratic National Committee (DNC), escalating an internal conflict about the future of the party that was stirred up by former vice chair David Hogg.
Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers, and Lee Saunders, president of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, declined offers to stay on as at-large members of the DNC, as first reported by The New York Times.
«I appear to be out of step with the leadership you are forging, and I do not want to be the one who keeps questioning why we are not enlarging our tent and actively trying to engage more and more of our communities,» Weingarten, the education leader and longtime voice in Democratic politics, said in a letter to Chair Ken Martin which is now circulating on social media.
The union labor leaders’ departure is the latest blow to Martin, who just last week put his Hogg problem behind him.
‘DISTRACTION’: THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY IS READY TO LEAVE THEIR DAVID HOGG DRAMA IN THE DUST
Randi Weingarten is departing the DNC, telling Chair Ken Martin she is «out of step with the leadership.» (AP/Reuters)
Hogg, the 25-year-old progressive firebrand, announced last week he would not seek re-election for vice chair after sparking internal rifts with his $20 million plan to primary challenge older incumbent Democrats he said are «asleep at the wheel» through his outside political action group, Leaders We Deserve.
DNC CHAIR RIPPED DAVID HOGG OVER PARTY INFIGHTING IN LEAKED MEETING AUDIO: ‘REALLY FRUSTRATING’
«There is a huge vacuum of leadership in the Democratic Party and Ken is proving to be a weak, ineffective leader who isn’t ready for any of this,» a former DNC official, who asked for anonymity to speak more freely, told Fox News Digital.
A DNC committee member, who was also granted anonymity, told Fox News Digital it was «not surprising» the union leaders decided to step down from the DNC, «given they both supported another candidate.»
Both Weingarten and Saunders supported Martin’s competitor in the race for DNC chair, Wisconsin Democratic Party Chair Ben Wikler. As chair, Martin later removed Weingarten from the DNC’s Rules and Bylaws Committee, which is the group responsible for drafting the Democratic Party’s presidential nominating calendar and election process.
The committee member said Weingarten and Saunders «are both incredible leaders» with the country’s best interests in mind, and they are «confident we will all come together and focus and continue beating Republicans.»

David Hogg speaks at the March for our Lives rally against gun violence at the National Mall in Washington on June 11, 2022. (Getty)
«I have no doubt both of them, and the labor unions, will move forward and work together with the Chairman, and every other Democrat who is, first and foremost, focused on beating Donald Trump and the existential threat that he and Republicans pose to Americans’ lives and livelihoods and our democracy,» they added.
Another source close to the DNC also pointed to Weingarten’s support for Wikler in a statement to Fox News Digital: «Ever since the horse she bet on in the Chairs race lost, she has always been on the other side of the fence as Ken — this is no surprise.»
Weingarten was also among those in the party who supported Hogg’s controversial plan to primary incumbent older Democrats in safe blue districts.
Hogg’s decision to leave the DNC followed a damning Politico report, which included leaked audio from a Zoom meeting of Martin lamenting over Hogg’s fallout at the DNC, claiming it had made it harder for Democrats to do their jobs and for Martin to demonstrate his ability to lead.

Minnesota Democratic Party Chair Ken Martin speaks with Fox News on Dec. 12, 2024 in Washington D.C. (Fox News – Paul Steinhauser)
«I don’t think you intended this, but you essentially destroyed any chance I have to show the leadership that I need to. So, it’s really frustrating,» Martin said.
Martin affirmed the DNC would stay neutral in Democratic primaries after Hogg’s $20 million primary pledge. The DNC chair gave Hogg the ultimatum to either rescind his vice chair position or forego his political influence through his PAC.
However, that did not stop Hogg from defying advice and wading into additional Democratic primaries by endorsing Virginia state Del. Irene Shin in the special election to replace the late Rep. Gerry Connolly, D-Va.
Members voted Wednesday to uphold the Credentials Committee’s resolution proposed by longtime Democratic Party activist, Kalyn Free, to host a re-election for two vice chair positions, which were held by Hogg and DNC Vice Chair Malcolm Kenyatta.
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Martin commended Hogg’s decision Wednesday, thanking him for «his years of activism, organizing, and fighting for his generation,» as the Democratic Party seemed prepared to leave their Hogg drama in the dust.
The union leaders’ departure is the latest public infighting to plague the Democratic Party in the aftermath of losing the White House and Congress in 2024.
Weingarten and Saunders did not immediately respond to Fox News Digital’s request for comment.
INTERNACIONAL
Momentum for regime change in Iran surges amid Israel’s conflict with Tehran

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As the ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran escalates, many say that the airstrikes present a potential opportunity for significant political transformation.
Iranian Americans and Israeli government officials have been increasingly vocal in their calls for regime change, advocating for a shift toward a more democratic and transparent governance structure.
Exiled Iranian Crown Prince HRH Reza Pahlavi told Fox News’ Maria Bartiromo that it is only a «matter of time» before the Iranian regime is toppled and Iranians «have a tremendous opportunity.»
LIVE UPDATES: ISRAEL-IRAN CONFLICT
«To rise and get rid of this regime, because we always believe that the ultimate solution to the problem is for this regime to no longer be there,» Pahlavi said speaking on «Sunday Morning Futures.»
Smoke rises after an explosion in Tehran, Iran, on Friday, June 13, 2025. Israel attacked Iran’s capital early Friday, with explosions booming across Tehran. (Getty)
Beverly Hill, California, plastic surgeon Dr. Sheila Nazarian left Iran when she was 6 years old along with her family.
The decision to leave Iran was driven by the oppressive changes following the Iranian Revolution in 1979 concerning the treatment of women.
Nazarian told Fox News Digital her parents did not want her and her sister to grow up in such a restrictive society and believes all Iranians «want the fall of this regime.»
EXILED CROWN PRINCE SAYS IRANIAN PEOPLE HAVE ‘TREMENDOUS OPPORTUNITY’ TO TOPPLE WEAKENED REGIME
«Everyone is thankful to Israel for taking out these brutal Islamist theocrats who have been implicit in raping, torturing, jailing, murdering, and exiling Iranians for 45 years, so I think we’re all on the same page that this regime needs to go,» said Nazarian.

Protesters chant slogans during a protest over the death of a woman who was detained by the morality police, in downtown Tehran, Iran, on Sept. 21, 2022. (AP Photo)
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Sunday an Iranian regime change «could certainly be the result» of the escalating conflict, calling on citizens to seize «opportunity.»
«80% of the people will throw these theological thugs out. I mean, they murder them. They oppress them for 46 years. They yearn for freedom… they shoot women because their hair is uncovered, they shoot students,» said Netanyahu.
TOP ADVISOR TO IRANIAN SUPREME LEADER KILLED IN ISRAELI STRIKES, STATE MEDIA SAYS

Dr. Sheila Nazarian and her family. (Dr. Sheila Nazarian)
Israel has marked significant blows to Tehran’s military leadership, eliminating a slew of key military figures and scientists while attacking Iran’s nuclear infrastructure.
NETANYAHU CALLS ON IRANIAN CITIZENS TO SEIZE ‘OPPORTUNITY’ FOR REGIME CHANGE
Nazarian and Pahlavi have both stated that the regime is at its most vulnerable point, urging the Iranian military to take advantage of the situation.

Iranian police arrive to disperse a protest to mark 40 days since the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini, whose tragedy sparked Iran’s biggest anti-government movement in over a decade, in Tehran, Iran, on Wednesday, Oct. 26, 2022. (AP)
«I do think that it’s going to take some sort of force of power, whether it’s the military. Presenting a coup or others in the region that are armed. For example, the Kurds in the mountainside, helping the populace overthrow this paper tiger regime,» said Nazarian.
She shared that Americans need to understand the regime does not have the same values as the U.S.
«They value martyrdom and death. If that isn’t a 180 difference in core value, I don’t know what is. They don’t want to be American. They chant death to America. Americans think it is the right way and the right path and so humane, they view it as actually stupidity,» said Nazarian.
EXPERTS WARN IRAN’S NUCLEAR DOUBLE-TALK DESIGNED TO BUY TIME, UNDERMINE US PRESSURE
Former Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom Sam Brownback said America must support regime change in Iran.

Iran rejected ceasefire negotiations, telling Qatari and Omani mediators that they will only pursue negotiations after they complete their response. (AP Photo/Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader)
«Our government should provide maximum support—diplomatic, economic, and technological—to help Iranians overthrow their oppressors and establish a government that respects human rights and religious liberty,» said Brownback.
Nazarian expressed her gratitude to President Donald Trump’s recognition of the necessity for Israel to maintain a firm stance against the Iranian regime.

Iranian Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi on stage at the 2025 Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy. (UN Watch)
«We appreciate that President Trump understands, unlike his predecessors, there is no negotiating with the Iranian regime,» said Nazarian.
MIKE POMPEO: ISRAEL’S STRIKES ON IRAN ARE RIGHTEOUS AND THE WHOLE WORLD IS BENEFITTING
She added, «The only language this regime understands is force and power. They see negotiations and diplomacy as weakness and a delay tactic to be able to do whatever it is they want to do, enrich their uranium, become a nuclear power.»

Dr. Sheila Nazarian expressed her gratitude to President Donald Trump’s recognition of the necessity for Israel to maintain a firm stance against the Iranian regime. (Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
Nazarian says taking a diplomatic route «just delays tactics with this regime and every Iranian in the diaspora understands this.»
Early Monday morning local time, Iran rejected ceasefire negotiations, an official told Reuters.
The Iranians told Qatari and Omani mediators that Iran would only go to the negotiating table after they completed their response to the Israeli pre-emptive strikes.
TRUMP PROMISES TO RESPOND WITH ‘FULL STRENGTH AND MIGHT’ OF US MILITARY IF IRAN ATTACKS AMERICA
Nazarian says she spoke with President Trump during a rally in Philadelphia on the campaign trail advocating for Persian Jewish Americans.
«I told him the Persian Jews of Los Angeles love you, and they thank you. He looked me straight in the eye, and he said, ‘I’m going to be the best president the Jews have ever known,’» said Nazarian.
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Nazarian said while growing up in Iran, despite her Jewish faith, her family never mentioned their Jewish identity due to the lack of freedom of religious expression and the fear of severe repercussions.
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