Connect with us

INTERNACIONAL

Restauradores egipcios devuelven el brillo a los secretos de Tutankamón

Published

on


El Gran Museo Egipcio abrirá con la mayor colección de artefactos de Tutankamón restaurados en la historia

En su adolescencia, Eid Mertah pasaba leyendo libros sobre el faraón egipcio Tutankamón, trazando jeroglíficos y soñando con tener en sus manos la máscara dorada del monarca. “Estudié arqueología por Tut”, cuenta Mertah, de 36 años. “Mi sueño era trabajar con sus tesoros, y ese sueño se hizo realidad”.

Mertah es uno de los más de 150 curadores y 100 arqueólogos que han trabajado en silencio por más de una década para restaurar miles de artefactos del Gran Museo Egipcio (GME), un proyecto de 1.000 millones de dólares a orillas de la meseta de Guiza. Su lanzamiento estaba programado originalmente para el 3 de julio pero fue reprogramado para los últimos meses del año por motivos de seguridad.

Advertisement
El museo exhibirá por primera
El museo exhibirá por primera vez más de 5.000 objetos de Tutankamón, incluidos amuletos, carros y momias

Cuando finalmente abra, el GME será el mayor museo arqueológico del mundo consagrado a una sola civilización. Albergará más de 100 mil artefactos, la mitad de ellos en exhibición, e incluirá un laboratorio vivo de conservación.

Desde atrás de las paredes de vidrio, los visitantes podrán ver a los expertos trabajando para restaurar un bote de 4.500 años que fue enterrado cerca de la tumba del faraón Jufu para trasladar su alma hasta Ra, el dios del sol. Pero la estrella del museo será la colección de Tutankamón, con más de 5.000 objetos, muchos de los cuales serán exhibidos juntos por primera vez.

Incluye su máscara funeraria de oro, ataúdes y amuletos de oro, collares de cuentas, carros ceremoniales y dos fetos momificados que se cree que son sus hijas que nacieron muertas.

La colección de Tutankamón fue
La colección de Tutankamón fue recuperada de museos, almacenes y tumbas antes de su restauración

Muchos de estos tesoros no han sido restaurados desde que fueron descubiertos por el arqueólogo británico Howard Carter en 1922. Los métodos de conservación empleados por el equipo de Carter buscaban proteger los objetos, pero más de un siglo después, su preservación es un desafío.

Cubrir superficies de oro con cera, por ejemplo, “preservó los objetos en su momento”, indica el curador Hind Bayoumi, “pero ocultó los detalles que quería que todo el mundo viera”. Durante meses, Bayoumi de 39 años y sus colegas removieron la cera aplicada por el químico británico Alfred Lucas. A lo largo de las décadas, esa cera atrapó tierra y opacó el brillo del oro.

Advertisement
El proceso de restauración incluyó
El proceso de restauración incluyó análisis de rayos X, documentación fotográfica y pruebas de materiales

La restauración ha sido un esfuerzo conjunto entre Egipto y Japón, que aportó créditos por 800 millones de dólares y apoyo técnico.

El ataúd dorado de Tutankamón, trasladado desde su tumba en Luxor, fue uno de los trabajos más complejos. En el laboratorio de madera del GME, la curadora Fatma Magdy, de 34 años, utilizó lupas e imágenes de archivo para rearmar sus delicadas láminas de oro. “Fue como resolver un rompecabezas gigante”, comentó. “La forma del corte, el flujo de los jeroglíficos, cada detalle importaba”.

Antes de la restauración, la colección de Tutankamón fue recuperada de varios museos, almacenes y tumbas en Egipto. Algunos objetos fueron restaurados ligeramente antes de su traslado para poder moverlos de forma segura.

El Gran Museo Egipcio será
El Gran Museo Egipcio será el mayor museo arqueológico dedicado a una sola civilización en el mundo

Antes de tocar los objetos, los equipos realizaron documentación fotográfica, análisis de rayos x, así como pruebas del material para entender la situación de cada artefacto. “Debíamos entender la condición de cada pieza, las capas de oro, los adhesivos, la estructura de madera, todo”, explicó Mertah.

La filosofía del equipo ha sido la precaución. “La meta es siempre hacer lo menos necesario y respetar la historia del objeto”, apunta Mohamed Moustafa, un restaurador de 36 años.

Advertisement

Pero más allá del trabajo de restauración, el proceso ha sido un viaje emocional para muchos de los involucrados. “Creo que nosotros estamos más emocionados de ver el museo que los turistas”, admite Moustafa. “Cuando los visitantes caminen por el museo, verán la belleza de estos artefactos. Pero para nosotros, cada pieza es un recordatorio de las horas interminables de trabajo, los debates, los entrenamientos”, asegura.

“Cada pieza cuenta una historia”, concluye.

Fuente: AFP

Advertisement

[Fotos: Khaled Desouki / AFP]



horizontal

Advertisement

INTERNACIONAL

La guerra Rusia-Ucrania: Europa empieza a analizar cómo responder a los ataques de Moscú

Published

on



Europa siempre ha mirado a Rusia como se mira desde una fortaleza asediada a quien intenta asaltarla desde fuera, como en los asedios medievales. Durante años, los europeos han hablado siempre de ciberdefensa, de preparación para resistir ataques híbridos, de cómo podían proteger sus procesos electorales y sus medios de comunicación de las injerencias rusas y de las campañas de desinformación lanzadas desde Moscú. De cómo tratar a supuestos diplomáticos rusos que en realidad eran agentes de sus servicios secretos militares. Todas las ideas eran defensivas. Pero eso parece estar empezando a cambiar.

Según una información del diario Politico, que Clarín pudo confirmar con dos diplomáticos europeos, los gobiernos de la Unión Europea están empezando a estudiar no sólo cómo frenar los golpes rusos, sino también cómo empezar a devolverlos. Las ideas cubren varios flancos, pero las más citadas serían las de lanzar ciberataques contra objetivos sensibles de la industria militar y la economía rusa hasta atribuir sin pudor a Moscú sus ataques híbridos en Europa para castigar a Rusia con más sanciones, pasando por lanzar ejercicios militares por sorpresa.

Advertisement

El cambio de mentalidad en Europa se debe a que Moscú parece estar poniendo a prueba la resistencia de los europeos y lo que pueden aceptar o no. Pero algunos episodios parecen haber colmado en vaso. Cuando a principios de noviembre decenas de drones, algunos de carácter militar, sobrevolaron durante varias noches consecutivas aeropuertos, centrales nucleares o bases militares belgas, empezaron a encenderse muchas alarmas. Alemania y Reino Unido enviaron material militar para hacer frente a esos drones, que no volvieron. Algunos habían pasado a menos de dos kilómetros en línea recta de la sede de la OTAN en Bruselas.

Esos drones también han sobrevolado ciudades como Estocolmo o Copenhague y han traspasado las fronteras de Polonia o Rumanía en las últimas semanas. Una línea de ferrocarril clave en la conexión entre Polonia y Ucrania fue volada y aviones de combate rusos violan cada vez con más frecuencia el espacio aéreo de países como Estonia, Lituania y Letonia.

Algunos funcionarios empiezan a hablar abiertamente del asunto. El vice ministro de Defensa alemán Florian Hahn dijo la semana pasada a ‘Welt TV’ que “en conjunto, Europa y la Alianza Atlántica deben preguntarse a sí mismas cuánto tiempo más están dispuestas a tolerar este tipo de guerra híbrida y si sería conveniente que consideráramos convertirnos en más activos en este asunto”.

Advertisement

Los europeos han visto en los últimos años cómo Rusia ha financiado a partidos políticos que abogan por la destrucción de la Unión Europea como estructura institucional (como la extrema derecha francesa de Marine Le Pen, que recibió créditos de bancos rusos controlados por el Gobierno de Vladimir Putin) o cómo, según varios servicios secretos, Rusia influyó para alterar ilegalmente el resultado de elecciones legislativas en Rumanía y Moldavia y que ganaran candidatos afines a Moscú.

Algunos funcionarios consideran que la mejor forma de tratar con Rusia es ser firme y plantarle cara, no achicándose. Europa no quiere una guerra contra Rusia, pero el aumento de estas operaciones en los últimos meses empieza a movilizar a los gobiernos. Por eso la OTAN decidió que reforzará las defensas contra drones y las defensas antiaéreas en su flanco oriental, después de que el primer ministro polaco Donald Tusk dijera que daría la orden de derribar cualquier aparato ruso que viole su espacio aéreo.

Tusk es de los que más medidas han tomado. La semana pasada movilizó a 10.000 soldados para proteger las conexiones con Ucrania, esencial para que los europeos sigan enviando armamento a Kiev. Y acusó a Moscú de lanzar una campaña de “terrorismo de Estado”.

Advertisement

Italia apunta por ejemplo a la creación de una fuerza europea de ciberdefensa (y ciberataque si fuera necesario) de 1.500 expertos, que contaría también con personal militar especializado en inteligencia artificial.

Continue Reading

INTERNACIONAL

Music City Miracle: A look at an unusually contentious election in the Volunteer State

Published

on


NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!

We’ll know Wednesday morning if a special election in Tennessee is truly a referendum on country music, pedal taverns and bachelorettes.

Advertisement

Or, if we can divine a deeper political meaning from the results of the special election in Tennessee’s 7th Congressional District.

Democrat Aftyn Behn is trying to tip the scales in favor of her party in a district which President Trump carried by about 20 points and former Rep. Mark Green, R-Tenn., won by a similar percentage last fall.

Behn faces GOPer Matt Van Epps. It’s a Republican district. But political observers are watching the race to gauge potential weakness by President Trump, a softness in the Trump coalition, issues with the Republican brand or early indications of a possible blue wave in the 2026 midterms.

Advertisement

DEMOCRATS, REPUBLICANS GO ALL IN ON FINAL 2025 CONGRESSIONAL BALLOT BOX SHOWDOWN

Depending on who you ask, the race for Tennessee’s 7th congressional district – between Republican nominee Matt Van Epps, former state Department of General Services, and Aftyn Behn, a Democratic state representative – may be headed for a photo finish. (George Walker IV/AP Photo)

It was Behn who proclaimed that she abhorred Nashville several years ago. «I hate the bachelorettes, I hate the pedal taverns, I hate country music. I hate all the things that make Nashville apparently an ‘it city,’» complained Behn.

Advertisement

About all Behn left out in her animus toward Music City was dissing The Grand Ole Opry, hot chicken and Goo Goo Clusters. But if voters go goo goo over Behn Tuesday, Republicans face a cluster of another sort. A Behn victory may signal major problems for Republicans and President Trump heading into the midterms.

Behn is characterized as the «AOC of Tennessee,» a reference to progressive Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y. Republicans have been sure to boomerang that against Behn, suggesting she’s not in tune with the district, leans too far to the left and is closer to the liberal values of New York or Los Angeles than Nashville. Republicans believe Behn is just a bad fit for Nashville. Kind of like having Bad Bunny perform at the Ryman Auditorium.

«It shouldn’t even be close. But it is,» mused Rep. Tim Burchett, R-Tenn., on Fox.

Advertisement

So Republicans are pouring in money to protect the seat. Democrats are pouring in money to steal the seat. If Democrats pull off the upset, the party should uproot the goalposts at FirstBank Stadium in downtown Nashville and dump it in the Cumberland River. Kind of what Vanderbilt fans did last year when the Commodores upset number one-ranked Alabama. 

Let’s explore what a Behn win might mean for Republicans. It could indicate that voters are tiring of President Trump. Or that the GOP brand is toxic. Or perhaps it’s the continuation of a trend which Democrats enjoyed this fall: near blowout wins by New Jersey Gov.-elect Mikie Sherrill and Virginia Gov.-elect Abigail Spanberger.

But there’s a downside for Democrats. Yes. They may flip the seat. But a win may also show that the party is tilting more to the left. It would be hard to argue with success if Behn prevails, regardless of her progressive streak. But this may give other liberals ideas that they can win in other red or purple districts. That may work against Democrats – especially since every Republican, except President Trump – has highlighted the left-wing politics of New York City Mayor-elect Zohran Mamdani.

Advertisement

TRUMP MAKES 11TH-HOUR PLEA FOR MATT VAN EPPS OVER AFTYN BEHN, WHOM HE CLAIMS ‘HATES CHRISTIANITY’

Democrats probably need to run more centrist candidates in purple areas to regain control of the House. A Behn victory could open the floodgates for a host of progressive candidates in competitive House districts nationwide. Behn’s message – or that of Ocasio-Cortez or Mamdani – won’t work in most places where Democrats need to be successful to seize control of the House.

But what if Republicans hold the seat and Van Epps wins?

Advertisement

It probably depends by how much.

Yes, there were five special elections in 2017 – the first year President Trump was originally in office – which Democrats made competitive. All were closer than they should have been. But Democrats didn’t win any of them. Still, astute political observers suggested there was unpopularity with the president and the GOP agenda. Democrats won 41 seats and gained control of the House in the 2018 midterms.

So, even if Van Epps wins, examine the margin. And if Behn wins, see if Republicans downplay it because it was a special election and the customary electorate just doesn’t turn out for special elections. Especially one wedged between Thanksgiving and Christmas.

Advertisement

If Republicans hold the seat, the GOP will argue this was a repudiation of a leftist like Behn and someone who was out of step. They will also suggest that it’s a GOP seat and Republicans should win anyway. That’s what happened earlier this year when there was consternation before two Florida special elections. But Reps. Randy Fine, R-Fla., and Jimmy Patronis, R-Fla., both won in March.

Republican candidate for Tennessee's 7th Congressional District Matt Van Epps.

If Van Epps wins, one must still pay attention to the margin. The seat, last held by former Rep. Mark Green, broke for President Trump by over 20% in 2024. (Nicole Hester/The Tennessean/USA TODAY NETWORK via Imagn Images)

Here’s another factor which bears watching: the message the press corps and political observers glean from the election results. After all, special elections are always special. It’s natural for analysts and journalists to search for particular meanings or signposts in these contests. Such was the case with the off-year elections in New Jersey, Virginia and New York City. Sometimes these observations are spot-on. Other times, they mean nothing. If anything, there is a tendency to over-illuminate the outcomes of these contests. They are moments in time. Kind of like listening to a few bars of a song. Maybe it tells you a lot about the song. Maybe not.

House Republicans could well freak out if Behn is victorious. There’s lots of grumbling among Republicans. Some are frustrated by how their leadership handled the government shutdown. And others could follow Mark Green and Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., and hit the exits early.

Advertisement

This is a fragile time for House Republicans. That’s one reason why a flip of this seat could mean a little bit more.

DEM HOUSE HOPEFUL GETTING YANKED FROM GOVERNOR’S OFFICE DURING ATTEMPTED SIT-IN GOES VIRAL AHEAD OF ELECTION

Still, it’s rare to flip seats in House special elections. Former Rep. Don Cazayoux, D-La., won a special election in a red district in Louisiana in 2008 after former Rep. Richard Baker, R-La., resigned. But current Sen. Bill Cassidy, R-La., then won that seat in the general election and served in the House before moving to the Senate.

Advertisement

Former Rep. Mayra Flores, R-Texas, flipped the seat held by former Rep. Filemon Vela, D-Texas, in 2022. But she lost reelection that fall.

Former Rep. Mike Garcia, R-Calif., won a special election in 2020 after former Rep. Katie Hill, D-Calif., resigned just months into office. Garcia held the seat until Rep. George Whitesides, D-Calif., defeated him a year ago.

Former Rep. Charles Djou, R-Hawaii, won a special election in Hawaii in 2010 against two Democrats – former Rep. Colleen Hanabusa, D-Hawaii, and Rep. Ed Case, D-Hawaii. But Democrats got the seat back in 2012.

Advertisement

Former Rep. Mary Peltola, D-Alaska, won a special election in 2022 to flip Alaska’s at-large district from red to blue following the death of late Rep. Don Young, R-Alaska. Young held the seat for nearly 50 years. But Rep. Nick Begich III, R-Alaska, defeated Peltola last year.

Rep. Nick Begich III

Just because seats are won in special election upsets, doesn’t mean they’ve permanently fallen to the other party. Rep. Nick Begich III, R-Alaska, who unseated his Democratic predecessor, former Rep. Mary Peltola – herself a special election victor – is a prime example. (Bill Clark/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images)

In short, even if someone flips a seat, it’s rare that they have the seat for long. Often, only through the next regular election.

So a word of caution as you evaluate the election results on Tuesday night. If Republicans hold the seat, that may be expected. If Democrats flip the seat, some will proclaim it’s the second coming of the Music City Miracle.

Advertisement

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

But frankly, it’s probably not.

Advertisement

congress,elections,tennessee,nashville

Advertisement
Continue Reading

INTERNACIONAL

Muslim dad, sons allegedly drowned teen over ‘Western’ lifestyle, refusing to wear headscarf

Published

on


NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!

Dutch prosecutors demanded Friday that a Muslim father and his two sons face up to 25 years in prison for allegedly drowning an 18-year-old family member because they believed her «Western» behavior was bringing shame to the family.

Advertisement

The body of Syrian woman Ryan Al Najjar was found submerged in a lake with hands and feet bound tightly on May 28, 2024, near Joure in northern Netherlands, six days after disappearing, according to authorities. Officials arrested her father and two brothers, then aged 22 and 24, and charged them in connection with her killing, which prosecutors said likely happened on May 22.

«They saw Ryan as a burden that had to be removed,» the Public Prosecution Service said Friday. «Just because she was a young woman who wanted to live her own life.»

Authorities said her male relatives, who come from what they described as a «strict» Islamic family, allegedly killed her after believing she was «behaving too Western in the eyes of her family.» Al Najjar was reportedly targeted after refusing to wear a headscarf in public-like settings.

Advertisement

MOTHER SAYS ALLEGED STALKER WHO KILLED HER DAUGHTER SHOULD BE TRIED AS AN ADULT

Ryan Al Najjar was murdered in May 2024 in the Netherlands. (National Police Corps of the Netherlands)

«The immediate cause of her death appears to be a live video on TikTok, showing Ryan without a headscarf and wearing makeup,» prosecutors said Friday. «The video seriously embarrasses the family, according to their posts, as it does not fit within their traditional views.»

Advertisement

«Once the suspects were aware of the video, they started looking for Ryan,» the authorities added. «According to the Public Prosecution Service, her brothers visited her in Rotterdam and convinced her to come along to a remote location the night before her murder. She was taken to Knardijk, where their father joined. There she was killed.»

Local media NL Times identified the brothers as Mohamed Al Najjar and Muhanad, and their 53-year-old father as Khaled. All three were charged with murdering the young woman, while their father was accused of orchestrating the killing before likely fleeing to Syria, prosecutors said.

CHARLOTTE TRAIN STABBING SUSPECT’S BROTHER SAYS KILLING COULD HAVE BEEN ‘PREVENTED’ 

Advertisement
The two brothers in court.

Courtroom sketch of suspects Mohammed Al N. (R) and Muhanad Al N. during a hearing in court. The two brothers and their father, Khaled Al N., are suspected of murdering their sister and daughter, Ryan Al Najjar. (Hollandse Hoogte/Shutterstock)

Investigators say Al Najjar was taken to a remote park where «no one for miles around could have heard her» cries for help. Evidence showed signs of strangulation and drowning, and approximately 60 feet of tape had been used to bind her before she was thrown into the water alive. Prosecutors reported that Khaled’s DNA was also found under his daughter’s fingernails, suggesting he was present during the killing.

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP

Fence around large lake.

Ryan Al Najjar’s body was found in the Oostvaardersplassen nature reserve in Lelystad, Netherlands. (Pierre Crom)

«[Khaled] fled to Syria immediately after the murder and left his sons to take the blame. Cowardly,» the Public Prosecution Service wrote in a statement Friday, according to NL Times. «Khaled has completely destroyed his family.»

Advertisement

Dutch authorities added that extraditing Khaled may be difficult because he married a woman in Syria since Al Najjar’s death, the outlet reported. 

The Public Prosecution Service has recommended a 25-year prison sentence for the father and 20 years for each of the two brothers.

The court is scheduled to issue its ruling on Jan. 5.

Advertisement

Fox News Digital reached out to the Public Prosecution Service for more information.



europe,homicide,middle east,crime,syria,islam

Continue Reading

Tendencias