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Lecturas para el fin de semana: ¿cuántas vidas tiene un libro?

En 1962, durante su estadía en el San Francisco State College donde estuvo un año dando clases, Luis Cernuda terminó Desolación de la Quimera. Ya es un hombre de 61 años, piel curtida y personalidad de piedra. Una vida entera dedicada a la poesía; desde hacía décadas, en el exilio. La dictadura de Franco había terminado, pero él aún no se decidía a volver. El libro se publica ese mismo año y a los pocos meses muere. Hay un poema que sobresale en esa colección. Se titula “No es el amor quien muere” y dice: “Se escribe para quienes sobrevivan, / se escribe para los que vendrán”.
La vida es larga; la de los libros más. Cada lector, en cada contexto, en cada época, le otorga un sentido nuevo. Los bestsellers de hoy pueden volver a serlo mañana, aunque posiblemente en unos años nadie recuerde sus ampulosos nombres. Hay quienes pasan del olvido a la reivindicación tardía, los que reviven con adaptaciones audiovisuales, los que se generan sus propias revanchas. En El tiempo recobrado, Proust dice que la recompensa por la “falta de éxito” de “las obras bellas” es que “la posteridad las aplaude”. A continuación, postales fugaces de libros que volvieron nacer.
Si El matadero de Esteban Echeverría fue, como dijo Josefina Ludmer, el big bang de la literatura argentina, no explotó hasta mucho tiempo después. No estalló cuando la escribió, entre 1838 y 1840, porque no hay registro de que el texto haya sido leído por alguien más que él y su círculo íntimo. Tampoco en el tiempo inmediatamente posterior, porque decidió no publicar este cuento largo o novela corta. El diario del lunes dice que podría haberlo hecho: si bien es una dura crítica al rosismo, Rosas no podría haberlo censurado: Echeverría estaba exiliado en Montevideo y sus garras no llegaban hasta allá.
El matadero
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El autor ya tenía una obra: había publicado Los consuelos en 1934 y La cautiva en 1837. Se leía no solo en el Río de la Plata, también en España. ¿Por qué no publicó El matadero? El motivo más convincente lo dio Ricardo Piglia: para los escritores de la época, la ficción era un género menor; ponderaban el testimonio y la lírica. Echeverría murió en 1851 a los 45 años y dos décadas después, revolviendo sus papeles póstumos, el crítico Juan María Gutiérrez descubrió el manuscrito y lo publicó en la Revista del Río de la Plata. Hoy se la considera el big bang de la literatura argentina.
“¡Bailen, putos!”, gritan en la pista de un boliche de Córdoba. Así empieza El neorromanticismo de Diego Fernández Pais. La escena está fechada en 2004, una Argentina vieja, pero nueva, que se abría paso tras las esquirlas del estallido. La novela, de lectura ágil y breve, se publicó en 2012 por el sello Alción Editora. Cristina Kirchner acababa de iniciar su segundo mandato, el tercero del kirchnerismo. Mientras gran parte de la cultura se plegaba al movimiento nacional y popular, Fernández Pais, desde Córdoba, con 35 años, publicaba su primer libro. Ahora, con la Editorial Alas, renació.
En el boliche “todos bailaban el ridículo paso de moda” mientras Diego Goldman busca diferenciarse. Su obsesión se triangula entre el sexo, la política y la literatura —siempre vibra la duda de que todo sea una excusa para la primera—, milita en la JP, es hijo de una madre montonera desaparecida y de un padre radical resentido, y con su labia se dedica a “engatusar” a las jóvenes estudiantes de la oligarquía. “El tipo es un gil, no tiene idea de la vida, pero tiene muchos contactos y unas ideas tremendamente locas”, dirá una de sus amantes. Para la prensa concentrada es “una bestia comunista”.

El neorromanticismo narra los tiempos donde “la libido política de la gente está al palo” llevando al extremo lo que Jorge Asís llamó “revolución imaginaria”: del sueño de “redistribuir el amor” a la estafa de “envenenar la cabeza con politiquerías”. En su momento, Nicolás Mavrakis deslizó la posibilidad de que sea “la novela del kirchnerismo”. No solo por el cameo a Guillermo Moreno, por entonces Secretario de Comercio y no influencer del vaticinio, sino por la postal de una época politizada —la década ganada vs. la década afanada— que merecía un libro que le cuente las costillas.
En las venas de Héctor G. Oesterheld corría la urgencia. El Eternauta es ciencia ficción, distopía, futuro, especulación, pero una interpelación directa a la época. Para Juan Sasturain, “le hablaba al lector de su tiempo: el drama de la espera, el enemigo invisible, la resistencia colectiva y solidaria son metáforas de ese presente argentino”. Se publicó en Hora Cero Semanal entre los años 1957 y 1959. Las ilustraciones son de Francisco Solano López. Pasaron los años, las épocas, las tragedias y a partir de una adaptación cinematográfica —la versión de Bruno Stagnaro para Netflix—, El Eternauta volvió.
No es un libro que cuelga de la nada. Oesterheld lo escribió en un período específico, entre el bombardeo a la Plaza de Mayo por la Armada Argentina y la Fuerza Aérea y las grandes puebladas de fines de los sesenta, principios de los setenta. Fue miembro de Montoneros, la dictadura militar lo secuestró en 1977 y nada se sabe de él desde entonces. Lo mismo ocurrió con sus cuatro hijas; dos de ellas, embarazadas. Pero la obra trasciende la pulsión actual de anteponer las marcas personales de autor y se revalida a sí misma. En la Feria del Libro de este año, los libreros hablaron de “furor”.
El eternauta
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Como un Cristo futurista, El Eternauta reaparece, esta vez gracias a una plataforma audiovisual. La adaptación de alcance masivo permite volver a la fuente y poner al libro en el centro. Este episodio abona a la pregunta sobre qué posibilidades se abren con la resurrección: si el libro regresa para saciar las necesidades volátiles de una época hiperconsumista o si lo hace para ponerle signos de interrogación al sentido común, si vuelve para ocupar un lugar intercambiable en la góndola de novedades o si aspira a pudrir todo el cajón. Al fin de cuentas, cada vida debería tomarse en serio.
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Lo que hay que saber sobre los archivos Epstein: una receta perfecta para las teorías conspirativas

¿Cuál es el origen del caso?
¿Por qué la investigación de Epstein es la fuente de tantas teorías conspirativas?
¿Cuál era la relación de Trump con Epstein?
¿Qué dice Trump ahora sobre los archivos de Epstein?
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Mamdani silent after Border Patrol officer allegedly shot by illegal immigrant in NYC

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New York City socialist mayoral candidate Zohran Mamdani has remained silent almost two days after an off-duty Border Patrol officer was shot in the face, allegedly by a previously deported illegal immigrant in his city.
Mamdani’s social media posts and website show no public statement on the matter, which has become national news and sparked a broader discussion of President Joe Biden’s border policies and criticism of sanctuary cities.
Fox News Digital reached out to Mamdani’s campaign for comment but did not immediately hear back.
According to police, the suspect, Dominican national Miguel Francisco Mora Nunez, was seen on video getting off a scooter before approaching the officer while he was sitting and speaking to someone near a body of water. The officer has not yet been identified.
MAMDANI CONFRONTED ON STREETS OF NYC ABOUT ‘COMMUNIST’ LABEL, REFUSES TO ANSWER
Zohran Mamdani has not issued a statement on the shooting of a Border Patrol officer. (Department of Homeland Security/Getty)
The officer, who was not in uniform, pulled out a gun to protect himself, and a shootout ensued.
The agent was hit in the face and forearm and transported to a hospital, where he is currently in stable condition. He is expected to survive.
Nunez was shot in the leg and groin during the shootout, police said. He was dropped off at a hospital in the Bronx, according to authorities.
«Sanctuary politicians must condemn this violence and put the safety and security of our citizens first. Make no mistake: these criminal illegal aliens pulled the trigger, but Zohran Mamdani, and other sanctuary politicians in this country have blood on their hands,» Homeland Security Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin told Fox News Digital in a statement.
«Secretary Noem is calling on every politician at every level of government to abandon these reckless, lawless policies and stop playing Russian roulette with American lives. DHS will continue to flood the zone in sanctuary cities and remove these criminals one by one,» she added.
MAMDANI SPARKS SOCIAL MEDIA FRENZY WITH VIRAL CLIP DISCUSSING WHAT HAPPENS IF HE RUNS OUT OF MONEY

Mamdani briefly speaks with reporters as he leaves the Dirksen Senate Office Building on July 16, 2025, in Washington. (Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images)
DHS also told Fox News that Nunez has an active warrant for kidnapping in the state of Massachusetts, in addition to prior felony arrests.
«We were able to bring the second individual in and have detained him as well, and he will face consequences and hopefully strong prosecution for his crimes and his involvement on Saturday night,» Secretary Kristi Noem told reporters Monday.
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President Donald Trump weighed in on the shooting Sunday afternoon, writing that «an incredible CBP Officer was shot in the face by an Illegal Alien Monster freed into the Country under Joe Biden.»
Mamdani has been widely criticized for his previous calls to defund the police and his stated opposition to working with Trump to deport illegal immigrants if he is elected mayor in November.
Mamdani said in June after winning the primary race that he would halt «masked» U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officials from «deporting our neighbors.»

Mamdani speaks during a press conference while campaigning outside a subway station in New York City on April 1, 2025. (Reuters/Brendan McDermid)
The mayoral hopeful announced on Sunday that he was headed to Uganda «in a personal capacity» to celebrate his marriage to his wife, Rama, with their family and friends.
«I do want to apologize to the haters, because I will be coming back,» he said, adding he would return to New York City «by the end of the month.»
Federal immigration authorities have faced an increase in public scrutiny from Democrats and left-wing activist groups, even to the point of violence. Border Patrol was targeted in an ambush earlier this month at an annex facility in McAllen, Texas, in which a local police officer was hit in the leg, and two Border Patrol personnel were injured. The gunman was killed.
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In addition, 12 individuals are facing charges, including 10 for attempted murder of federal officers, in an Independence Day attack outside the Prairieland Detention Center in Alvarado, Texas, intended to target ICE agents. A police officer was shot in the neck but is expected to recover, and cars were vandalized.
Overall, ICE agents have faced an 830% increase in assaults since this time last year as the Trump administration continues to ramp up deportation and immigration enforcement efforts, according to DHS.
«Rocks, Molotov cocktails, and even gunfire. Our brave ICE agents are facing attacks at a level never seen before in America – an 830% increase. Stand for the homeland. Stand for law and order. Stand with ICE,» Homeland Security posted to X last week.
Fox News Digital reached out to ICE and CBP for comment but did not immediately hear back.
Fox News Digital’s Bill Melugin contributed to this report.
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UK backs Trump’s Putin ultimatum with urgent ’50-day drive’ to strengthen Ukraine’s position

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In a direct response to President Donald Trump’s 50-day deadline that he issued to Russian President Vladimir Putin in his latest peace deal push, the U.K. on Monday announced a «50-day drive» to better arm Ukraine.
The call to action was issued by U.K. Defense Secretary John Healey during a virtual meeting with the Ukraine Defense Contact Group (UDCG) on Monday, the British Ministry of Defense announced.
The Defense Ministry did not immediately answer Fox News’ Digital’s questions about what type of commitments Healey wants to see from allied nations in support of Kyiv.
Prior to the meeting of NATO member states’ defense ministers, a meeting of the Ukraine Defense Contact Group was held at NATO headquarters in Brussels on June 4, 2025. (BOB REIJNDERS/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty Images)
RUSSIA SAYS NATO THREATENS WWIII IN LATEST DETERRENCE PLAN THAT COULD TAKE DOWN KALININGRAD ‘FASTER THAN EVER’
At the top of the meeting, the British defense secretary said «[Trump] started the clock on a 50-day deadline for Putin to agree to peace or to face crippling economic sanctions.
«And as members of this UDCG, we need to step up in turn with a 50-day drive to arm Ukraine on the battlefield and to help push Putin to the negotiating table,» he added.
Healey urged nations to utilize the NATO sales agreement announced by Trump and NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte last week to more quickly and efficiently arm Ukraine on the battlefield.

President Donald Trump, right, and Mark Rutte, secretary general of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, shake hands during a meeting in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, D.C., on Monday, July 14, 2025. (Yuri Gripas/Abaca/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
RUSSIA THREATENS WEST WITH ‘PREEMPTIVE STRIKES’ AS NATO LOOKS TO DELIVER PATRIOTS ‘AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE’
While the U.S.-NATO sales agreement is not an unusual deal as Washington, D.C., for decades has sold its arms to NATO allies, the announcement was significant because it signaled a turning point in the U.S.’s continued support for Ukraine, which has remained a question since Trump was re-elected in November.
«We sell arms to allies all the time and if they want to give them to Ukraine then we authorize an export license, and they then transfer the arms to Ukraine,» Mike Ryan, who formally served as deputy assistant secretary of Defense for European and NATO Policy, told Fox News Digital. «So, the significance is that one, the Europeans are stepping up their support for Ukraine. Two, the American taxpayer is getting a break. Three, Europe is buying more American arms [which is] good for the trade deficit, and four, Ukraine is getting the help it needs.»

Ukrainian and German soldiers are seen training on the Patriot air defense missile system at a military training area in Germany in June 2024. (Jens Büttner/picture alliance via Getty Images)
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The Monday meeting will be the fourth time Healey has chaired the defensive group in support of Kyiv, and the third such event that he has done so alongside German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius.
A major point of discussion is expected to be the quick transfer of Patriot Battery Missiles for Ukraine – five of which Berlin is set to confirm shipment of on Monday following his meeting with Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth last week.
«Boris and I have agreed to partner in providing critical air defense missiles to Ukraine,» Healey said before announcing a near $54 million defensive pledge to Ukraine, and by extension, Europe’s security.
The announcement is on top of the more than $6 billion in military aid the U.K. has sent Ukraine this year alone.
«This is a critical moment we meet at a critical time, a time for all allies and partners to share the burden, to support Ukraine, both in the fight now and to secure the peace future,» Healey added.
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