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Cómo una ciudad fronteriza china mantiene a flote a la economía rusa

Miles de toneladas de madera siberiana cruzan la frontera hacia China por la ciudad de Manzhouli, donde son procesadas para fabricar componentes de muebles y palillos, mientras grandes cargamentos de colza rusa llegan para su conversión en aceite de canola. El dinamismo en este cruce fronterizo refleja cómo las economías de ambos países han reforzado su interdependencia desde la invasión rusa de Ucrania en febrero de 2022.
El comercio bilateral superó los 240.000 millones de dólares el año pasado, un incremento del 66% respecto al periodo previo al conflicto. China se ha consolidado como el mayor comprador de petróleo, madera y carbón rusos, y se encuentra próxima a convertirse en el principal destino del gas natural de Rusia. Además, los datos muestran que el intercambio no solo incluye materias primas: el flujo de productos manufacturados chinos hacia Rusia, como ropa, electrónica y vehículos, ha crecido un 71% desde el inicio de la guerra.
Manzhouli mantiene un rol central en este intercambio. La ciudad, que cuenta con una línea férrea construida por Rusia en 1900, ve diariamente el paso de trenes y camiones cargados de materias primas. El eslogan económico oficial describe el modelo como “suministro ruso, procesamiento chino”, remarcando la función de Rusia como proveedor de materias primas para la industria manufacturera china, que supera ampliamente en escala a la rusa.
Cerca del 6% de la economía rusa ya depende de las exportaciones a China, una proporción comparable a la de Irán, otro país afectado por sanciones internacionales. A consecuencia de las restricciones impuestas por decenas de naciones a la economía rusa, Moscú ha reorientado su comercio exterior hacia el este, dependiendo cada vez más de su relación económica con Beijing.
En la actualidad, Rusia abastece a China de recursos como maderas de pino para construcción y mobiliario, abedul blanco para palillos, álamo para molduras y olmo resistente para soportes de minas de carbón, mientras importa del gigante asiático equipamiento industrial, bienes de consumo y automóviles. Según la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial, la cuota de Rusia en la manufactura global es de solo 1,33%. China, en cambio, produce el 32% de los bienes manufacturados en el mundo.

Esta asimetría ha hecho que Rusia adopte un papel de proveedor de materias primas y consumidor de productos acabados chinos, consolidando en la frontera de Manzhouli el epicentro de una relación comercial estratégica marcada por el cambio de poder económico y la influencia de las sanciones internacionales.
La postura de China frente a la guerra en Ucrania ha fortalecido su relación con Rusia y generado fricciones con la Unión Europea (UE). Según directivos de ambos países, como el ministro de Asuntos Exteriores chino, Wang Yi, tras reunirse con su homólogo ruso, Sergey V. Lavrov, “las relaciones chino-rusas representan la relación entre grandes potencias más estable, madura y significativa en materia estratégica en la actualidad”. El suministro de drones y componentes por parte de empresas chinas para su uso en el conflicto destaca como muestra concreta de este apoyo.
Para la Unión Europea, esta colaboración ha suscitado preocupación. En una cumbre celebrada en Beijing, los dirigentes comunitarios solicitaron nuevamente a Xi Jinping, principal líder chino, que redujera la cooperación económica e industrial de China con Rusia en el contexto de la guerra. Ursula von der Leyen, presidenta de la Comisión Europea, advirtió que el posicionamiento chino en el conflicto sería “un factor determinante” para las futuras relaciones bilaterales y que el respaldo continuo de China a Rusia genera “inestabilidad e inseguridad en Europa”.
El desplazamiento de importaciones de China hacia productos rusos ha tenido consecuencias para terceros países, como Canadá. Tras posicionarse junto a Estados Unidos y respaldar el aumento de aranceles a productos chinos, Canadá vio cómo China sustituyó importaciones de materias primas, especialmente la colza, optando por proveedores rusos. En represalia, el gobierno chino impuso aranceles del 100% a las importaciones canadienses de aceite y harina de canola, además de iniciar una investigación comercial sobre el envío de colza canadiense.
Estas medidas repercuten directamente en la estructura de las cadenas de suministro en Asia y contribuyen a realinear los flujos globales de materias primas, al tiempo que evidencian el uso de instrumentos comerciales para la presión política y la competencia por mercados estratégicos.

Las relaciones comerciales entre China y Rusia han mostrado señales puntuales de tensión, principalmente en el ámbito de las materias primas y el mercado automovilístico. Autoridades rusas prohibieron la exportación de pino recién cortado hacia territorio chino, imponiendo que la corteza se retire y los troncos sean aserrados en serrerías siberianas antes de su envío. Esta medida ha incomodado a empresarios chinos como Huang Baoqiang, gestor de un aserradero cercano a la frontera, que ve encarecido y complicado el acceso directo al recurso.
En respuesta a la competencia rusa en el sector energético, China introdujo aranceles a la importación de carbón ruso a principios del año pasado, tras el incremento de la producción de sus minas estatales. Estas acciones muestran que, pese al estrechamiento de la alianza, ambos gobiernos priorizan la protección de sus respectivas industrias cuando los intereses nacionales chocan.

El mercado automovilístico ruso ha experimentado una transformación significativa tras la retirada de los fabricantes occidentales después de la invasión a Ucrania. Los vehículos fabricados en China pasaron de tener una presencia marginal en 2021 a abarcar el 60% de las ventas en Rusia a finales del año pasado, según la consultora GlobalData Automotive. Ante el retroceso de las marcas occidentales, el gobierno ruso impuso desde el 1 de octubre una tasa de importación de 7.500 dólares a los automóviles nuevos, aunque dejó exentas las compras de autos usados por ciudadanos rusos.
Empresarios chinos en Manzhouli han aprovechado esta excepción. A poca distancia de la frontera, una sala de exhibición de autos usados, con una monumental puerta de bronce y un vestíbulo de 24 metros de altura, ofrece a los compradores rusos modelos casi nuevos de marcas como BMW, Land Rover, Volkswagen, y también de firmas chinas como Zeekr y Hongqi, permitiendo la exportación a Rusia sorteando el nuevo arancel. La ausencia de automóviles completamente nuevos y el aumento en la demanda de usados reflejan la rápida adaptación comercial ante las barreras regulatorias impuestas en el intercambio bilateral.
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Summertime and the living is uneasy on Capitol Hill

Trump goes after Schumer: Tell him ‘GO TO HELL’
Fox News White House correspondent Peter Doocy joins ‘America Reports’ to discuss the President Donald Trump accusing Senate Minority leader Chuck Schumer of extortion after asking for $1B unfrozen in exchange for nominee confirmations.
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Senate Republicans faced a choice recently: Remain in session and confirm more of President Trump’s nominees, or finally abandon Washington for the vaunted August recess.
Senators hung around – a little while – knocking out some of the President’s nominees for administration positions. But not all. That drew the ire of some conservatives, Trump loyalists and President Donald Trump himself.
Trump seethed at Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., for requiring the Senate to run lengthy parliamentary traps and incinerate valuable floor time to confirm even non-controversial nominees. The President finally unloaded on the New York Democrat in a digital coup de grace, telling him to «GO TO HELL!»
It’s notable that Trump has not yet met with Schumer or House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., during his second term. But then again, this is a two-way street. And Democrats remember multiple tumultuous meetings with Mr. Trump during the last time he was in office. It culminated in verbal grappling between the President and former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif, and ended with Democrats abandoning the meeting after only a few moments.
TRUMP TELLS SCHUMER TO ‘GO TO HELL’ OVER SENATE NOMINEE DEAL FUNDING DEMANDS AFTER NEGOTIATIONS COLLAPSE
So, it’s far from certain any such meeting would yield anything remotely productive.
But back to the «August recess.»
First, it’s important to establish that members of the House and Senate are not on «summer vacation.» Sure, there are always some breaks to visit with family and friends. Lawmakers are people, too. But truly, this is not a «break.» Lawmakers are always «on.» Not everything they do is centered around Washington. Any congressman or senator worth their salt will tell you that spending time back in their home states or districts is just as important – if not more so – than what goes down on Capitol Hill. Meeting with constituents. Visiting businesses. Conducting town hall meetings. Stopping by local coffee bars. Breaking bread at diners. Chatting up the local press corps.
Members also use this longer respite for political travel and fact-finding missions overseas. These «CODELS» – short for «Congressional Delegation» – are a critical function for lawmakers to build bridges with foreign leaders and make their marks on how the U.S. approaches the rest of the globe. House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., and former House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, D-Md., have recently led groups on trips to Israel. At least one other major trip is booked for later this month.
So, the «August recess» is not inherently a «bad» thing. It’s an essential part of the job and probably one of the biggest misnomers in American politics.
Still, many Americans simply dismiss August as a «vacation» for House members and senators, and it is a challenging optic for Congress.
Which brings us back to the tension between staying in session to get «something» done and returning home.
RECESS ON ICE AS REPUBLICANS HUNKER DOWN FOR HIGH-STAKES NOMINEE BLITZ
It’s clear the Senate could have stayed in session to plow through more of President Trump’s nominees. Schumer and other Democrats simply weren’t going to relent and allow Republicans to confirm a slate of nominees «en bloc.» That’s where the Senate greenlights a large slate of nominees all at once and approves them either by unanimous consent or via voice vote. The Senate confirms the nominees all at once. The House certainly could have stayed in session to hammer out a few spending bills ahead of the deadline to fund the government by October 1.
But here’s a stark reality – especially for the Senate:
Lawmakers and staff desperately needed a break.
Period. Full stop.
Since May, the Senate in particular has conducted multiple overnight, round-the-clock and weekend sessions. Not just a few. The Senate voted deep into the night or overnight on the Big, Beautiful Bill. Then the Senate was back for late-night sessions confirming nominees.
Yes. This is the people’s business. But the floor staff and support teams were exhausted. Senate leaders were mindful of that. And that’s to say nothing of the lawmakers themselves.
It’s anecdotal, but lawmakers probably needed a break from one another, too. That makes them happier – and probably more productive when they return to Washington.
But this still doesn’t solve the political dilemma facing Republican senators with a substantial core of their party demanding they remain moored in Washington to grind out nominees.
And it may not satisfy President Trump, either.
There’s lots of Senate talk now about «changing the rules» to accelerate the confirmation of nominees.
One thing is for sure: the Senate won’t change the «rules» to expedite the confirmation process. The Senate boasts 44 standing rules. It takes 67 votes to break a filibuster on an actual rules change. But what Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D., could do is back the Senate into a special parliamentary posture where he can initiate a new «precedent» to confirm different types of nominees. That’s a maneuver that late Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., executed to confirm some of former President Obama’s nominees. The same with former Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., to confirm Supreme Court nominees.
DEMS DIG IN, TRUMP DEMANDS ALL: NOMINEE FIGHT BOILS OVER IN SENATE AS GOP LOOKS FOR A DEAL
«New precedents» in the Senate require some complicated parliamentary wrangling. But only a simple majority is necessary to make good on this gambit for nominees. So, it’s easier and much more plausible than «changing the rules.»
To the lay person, a new «precedent» doesn’t sound important. But there’s a reason why the Senate only has 44 standing rules and a voluminous book of precedents. You can accomplish a lot in the Senate if you’re able to concoct a new precedent.
And note that it’s not just Republicans who want to change the way the Senate does things for some lower-tier, non-controversial nominees. Some Senate Democrats have expressed interest in changes, too.
President Donald Trump and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., have strongly over the confirmation of a number of Trump’s nominees for various administration positions. (Getty Images)
There are only so many minutes and so many hours. Time is just as valuable to Democrats as it is to Republicans.
Everyone on Capitol Hill knows that more long nights and overnight sessions await lawmakers in September and the fall as the Senate attempts to confirm additional nominees.
That’s to say nothing of avoiding a government shutdown in October.
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This is why Senate Republicans elected to stick around for a bit recently – and then call it a day. Or a month.
After all, there is only so much time available in August.
politics,senate,house of representatives politics
INTERNACIONAL
Faith under fire: Netanyahu calls out efforts to divide Christians and Israel in US

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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has warned of a concerted effort in the United States and beyond to «break down» the bond between Christians and Jews.
Speaking at an event last month in Jerusalem attended by Pastor Paula White-Cain, spiritual advisor to President Donald Trump and head of the White House Office of Faith and Anti-Semitism, Netanyahu stated, the «partnership that promotes Judeo-Christian values, that protects Israel’s Christians as nowhere else in the Middle East. That truth is being reversed,»
«As part of this campaign,» he continued, Israel is now being portrayed as a threat to Christians.»
Netanyahu said that Israel is home to a thriving Christian community — unique in a region where Christians often face persecution. He pointed to Nazareth as a place where Christian life is visible and open, contrasting it with Bethlehem, where the Christian population declined sharply — from 80% to under 20% — after Israel withdrew, and the Palestinian Authority assumed control, leading to reduced protections for the community.
TRUMP AND NETANYAHU CELEBRATE ‘HISTORIC VICTORY’ AGAINST IRAN, EYE FUTURE MIDDLE EAST PEACE
Pastor Paula White-Cain, spiritual advisor to President Donald Trump and head of the White House Office of Faith and Antisemitism (sitting next to Sara Netanyahu) meets Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his wife Sara at Daystar’s «Together As One» event in Jerusalem, as part of a visit organized by Niv Jacobi, President of The Meaning Channel. (Felipe Volokita, The Meaning Channel.)
Pastor John Hagee, the influential Founder and Chairman of Christians United for Israel (CUFI), said fringe online agitators and politicians are motivated by two distinct impulses in their attacks on Israel.
«The true narcissists, regardless of politics, will pursue relevance through antisemitic contrarianism if they perceive themselves to be slipping from the world’s stage. Tragically, trafficking in antisemitism is one of the shortest paths to infamy,» he told Fox News Digital.
«For the true Jew-haters, Christian Zionism has been correctly perceived as the bulwark against the rise of American antisemitism. As Israel’s Minister for Strategic Affairs [Ron Dermer] has pointed out, Christian Zionism is the backbone of American support for Israel.
«Those who hate Israel and want to see it destroyed understand that the Jewish-Christian alliance prevents them from achieving their terrible aims; it’s logical then that they would seek to drive a wedge between Jews and Christians. Our relationship is a direct and unequivocal refutation of their evil ideology and aims,» he said.
Hagee also warned that anti-Israel narratives are being amplified online and through the mainstream media «to the exclusive benefit of Palestinian terrorists.»
DISPUTED FIRE BY ANCIENT CHURCH IN HOLY LAND SPARKS DIPLOMATIC, RELIGIOUS FALLOUT
During his speech, Netanyahu focused on some in the voices in the media. «So, Israel, the guardian of Christianity in the Middle East, is presented on American television by purchased influencers. It’s presented as the enemy of Christianity. What folly, what lies. What a travesty of truth,» he said.
«We must fight for our common values, we must stand up for the truth. And by standing up for the truth, you stand up with Israel, and you stand with the Jewish people against this abomination of falsehoods,» he concluded.
Netanyahu’s comments came against the backdrop of recent allegations that extremist settlers had targeted a historic church in the West Bank, and the IDF had deliberately targeted a church in Gaza.

Jesus the King Church in Nazareth, Israel (Photo: Pastor Saleem Shalash.)
In mid-July, the Council of Patriarchs and Heads of Churches of Jerusalem claimed that «radical Israelis» had intentionally set a fire near the Church of Saint George in Taybeh. However, Israel Police later confirmed that the ancient church ruins were undamaged and that the fire, of unknown origin, was confined to a nearby open area.
Separately, the IDF confirmed that a July 17 mortar strike on the Holy Family Church in Gaza was the result of an «unintentional deviation of munitions.» An investigation found that the church had been accidentally hit during operational activity in Gaza City. The military said it facilitated humanitarian aid deliveries to the church and coordinated a visit by clergy from the Greek and Latin Patriarchates.
Dr. Mike Evans, founder of the Friends of Zion Heritage Center in Jerusalem and a former evangelical advisor to President Donald Trump, pointed to the billions of dollars invested by anti-Israel actors to influence young minds on American campuses.

Thousands of evangelical Christian pilgrims pray during a prayer gathering on the Dead Sea shore in Ein Gedi on September 20, 2013, in the Judean Desert, during their annual visit to Israel to mark the Jewish holiday of Sukkot (Tabernacles) and to express solidarity with Israel. Some five thousand Christian pilgrims from around the world arrived for a week-long visit to Israel, in an annual show of solidarity with the Jewish state. (Menahem Kahana/AFP via Getty Images)
EVANGELICAL LEADERS PRAISE TRUMP’S CONTINUED SUPPORT FOR ISRAEL AMID WAR WITH IRAN
«The bottom line on this narrative is that there’s a belief system that Israel’s existence is illegitimate. They don’t say this about any other country in the world, no matter how bloody its origins. This belief system gets Jews killed. Anti-Zionism is antisemitism,» he said.
«My message to Bible-believing Christians is to teach a biblical worldview that Israel is the Bible land. The church in Germany was evangelical Protestant. They aligned with the Nazi party, had swastikas on its altars, and believed that God sent the chancellor.
«This happened because they rejected a biblical worldview and bought into what is called ‘replacement theology.’ That’s the reason why I have developed a significant curriculum to teach the church and its leaders,» Evans noted.
David Parsons, Senior Vice President and Spokesman of the International Christian Embassy Jerusalem (ICEJ), told Fox News Digital that Christian support for Israel — rooted in decades, if not centuries, of history—has grown to unprecedented levels, though it is being heavily tested amid the war against Hamas in Gaza.
«It predates Trump and Netanyahu, it will be there after those leaders are gone,» he said.

Students at Columbia University participate in an anti-Israel and pro-Palestinian protest. (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)
«We have to pass the baton to a new generation, and this is where the challenge is coming, as a lot of the young Christians aren’t buying into the same rationale as their parents to support Israel, which a lot of it was based on certain prophetic scenarios and prophecy charts about Israel’s role,» he continued.
«We see it as God being faithful to his covenant promises to the patriarch Abraham 4,000 years ago. If God is faithful to what he promised Jewish people millennia ago, then he will be faithful to what he’s promised us under the new covenant,» he said.
Parsons noted that bringing young Christians to experience Israel firsthand helps cultivate that connection.
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«A lot of the young evangelical supporters of Israel are not in some of these elite universities where they’re being poisoned against Israel, and so we have hope,» he said.
«When you see the amazing things that Israel has done — the pager operation [against Hezbollah], how they defeated Iran in 12 days — if you’re a young person, you have to be impressed with Israel’s creativity and ingenuity,» he continued. «Eventually, once we get a resolution of the Gaza situation, there will be a whole new generation of Christians that are curious enough to come and check it out.»
israel,christianity religion,anti semitism,conflicts
INTERNACIONAL
La guerra Rusia-Ucrania: Donald Trump analiza invitar a Volidimir Zelenski a su encuentro con Vladimir Putin en Alaska

Apoyo europeo
Estados Unidos,Donald Trump,Volodímir Zelenski,Vladimir Putin,Guerra Rusia-Ucrania
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