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El campo de concentración femenino que desafió el olvido

“Una mujer con un absceso dental murió de septicemia en pocos días”. Así lo documentó Germaine Tillion, etnóloga y prisionera en Ravensbrück, quien, durante su cautiverio, recopiló datos sobre la vida y la muerte en el campo, ocultando su investigación bajo la apariencia de recetas de cocina. Este tipo de detalles, recogidos en notas dispersas entre compañeras de confianza, se convirtieron en pruebas fundamentales para los juicios posteriores contra los responsables nazis. La historia de cómo un pequeño grupo de francesas sobrevivió, resistió y luchó por el reconocimiento de su sufrimiento en el único campo de concentración exclusivamente femenino del Tercer Reich es el eje de The Sisterhood of Ravensbrück (“La Hermandad de Ravensbrück”), el libro de Lynne Olson.
La obra de Olson se distingue por centrar su atención en las resistentes francesas que llegaron a Ravensbrück a partir de 1942. A diferencia de investigaciones previas, como la de Sarah Helm, que abarcó el conjunto del campo y se benefició de la apertura de archivos tras la caída del Telón de Acero, Olson sigue el recorrido de estas mujeres desde su arresto y deportación hasta su papel activo en la búsqueda de justicia y reparación tras la guerra. El relato se apoya en la reconstrucción de sus estrategias de supervivencia y resistencia, así como en la forma en que, una vez liberadas, articularon una campaña coordinada para que el mundo reconociera la magnitud de lo vivido.

Ravensbrück, situado a 80 kilómetros al norte de Berlín, fue diseñado para albergar a 3.000 mujeres, pero llegó a concentrar a más de 45.000 prisioneras: judías, romaníes y otras personas consideradas enemigas por el régimen nazi. Las condiciones eran extremas: una sola letrina para cada 200 internas, atención médica que solía resultar letal y enfermedades menores que se convertían rápidamente en sentencias de muerte. En seis años, alrededor de 40.000 mujeres murieron por hambre, enfermedad, tortura, experimentos médicos y, desde diciembre de 1944, por la acción de una cámara de gas instalada apresuradamente cuando los nazis calcularon que no lograrían exterminar a todas las prisioneras mediante el trabajo forzado en la fábrica Siemens cercana.
La credibilidad de los testimonios sobre Ravensbrück siempre estuvo en entredicho, como subraya Olson en su libro. El campo fue liberado tarde, lo que permitió a las SS destruir gran parte de la documentación incriminatoria. Además, la ausencia de imágenes —ningún camarógrafo acompañó al ejército soviético cuando abrió las puertas el 30 de abril de 1945— dificultó que el horror de Ravensbrück quedara grabado en la memoria colectiva, a diferencia de lo ocurrido con Auschwitz o Dachau. Esta falta de pruebas visuales y documentales complicó la tarea de las supervivientes, que debieron encontrar formas alternativas de registrar y transmitir su experiencia.

Las resistentes francesas, clasificadas por los nazis bajo el decreto Nacht und Nebel (“noche y niebla”), estaban destinadas a desaparecer sin dejar rastro. Olson describe cómo estas mujeres supieron aprovechar esa condición ambigua para organizar redes clandestinas dentro del campo: se desplazaban entre barracones durante la noche para repartir medicinas, transmitían mensajes a través de las tuberías y promovían huelgas en las fábricas de municiones. Su actitud, marcada por una “insolencia gala”, les permitió desafiar a los guardianes alemanes sin revelar nunca el alcance de su desafío.
La dificultad para ser creídas tras la liberación llevó a figuras como Tillion a documentar meticulosamente lo ocurrido. Tras la guerra, Tillion publicó su obra fundamental, Ravensbrück, en 1946, ampliándola con nuevas fuentes hasta la edición definitiva de 1988. Sin embargo, ninguna editorial francesa quiso asumir la publicación inicial, que finalmente apareció bajo un sello suizo, reflejo de la resistencia de Francia a confrontar su propio pasado de colaboración y ocupación.

Frente a este olvido deliberado, las supervivientes fundaron la Asociación Nacional de Antiguas Deportadas y Prisioneras de la Resistencia (ADIR), desde la que reclamaron vivienda, atención médica y empleo para las exinternas. Según el periódico inglés The Guardian, la fase de lucha colectiva por el reconocimiento y la justicia constituye el desenlace más potente del libro de Olson. El mayor reto de la ADIR fue lograr que los responsables de Ravensbrück comparecieran ante la justicia: de 38 acusados, 19 fueron ejecutados y el resto recibió penas de prisión o fue absuelto. La falta de pruebas escritas seguía siendo el principal obstáculo, ya que los testimonios orales, por convincentes que resultaran, podían ser descartados como “rumores” por los abogados defensores.
La persistencia de las resistentes francesas resultó decisiva en casos como el del excomandante Fritz Suhren, arrestado en 1950 mientras trabajaba como camarero en una cervecería de Berlín. En ese proceso, por primera vez, se admitieron las notas originales de Tillion, quien demostró que Suhren había firmado la orden de ejecución de 500 mujeres el 6 de abril de 1945. El 12 de junio de 1950, Suhren fue fusilado.
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«¡Hago lío!»: entre la fiesta y la nostalgia, cientos de jóvenes argentinos peregrinan por Roma y rezan ante la tumba de Francisco

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FLASHBACK: Zohran Mamdani pledged to ‘disband’ key police unit that handles mass shootings

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As New York City reels from a deadly mass shooting in midtown Manhattan that killed four, including an NYPD officer, the Democratic mayoral nominee Zohran Mamdani is getting renewed attention for a recent pledge to eliminate a key police department responsible for riots, civil disorder and shootings.
Mamdani, who is currently in Uganda celebrating his wedding, has previously called to defund the police, though as a mayoral candidate, he has taken a much more subdued tone regarding policing.
However, while already a candidate for mayor, Mamdani pledged on X in December 2024 to «disband» the New York Police Department’s Strategic Response Group (SRG).
The SRG is one of the NYPD’s special operations units, which, according to the force’s official website, specializes in disorder response, crime suppression and crowd control and «responds to citywide mobilizations, civil disorders, and major events with highly trained personnel and specialized equipment.»
MAMDANI’S PAST ‘DEFUND THE POLICE’ STANCE RESURFACES AFTER DEADLY MANHATTAN SHOOTING
As New York City reels from a deadly mass shooting in midtown Manhattan that killed four, the Democratic mayoral nominee, Zohran Mamdani, is getting renewed attention for a recent pledge to eliminate a key police department responsible for riots, civil disorder and shootings. (Jeenah Moon/Reuters; Mary Altaffer/AP Photo)
The website also says that SRG personnel are «also deployed to areas requiring an increased police presence due to increased crime or other conditions» and «mobilizes for shootings, bank robberies, missing persons, demonstrations, or other significant incidents.»
In December, Mamdani claimed that the NYPD had deployed the SRG to «harass + arrest striking @teamsters.»
Mamdani pledged: «As Mayor, I will disband the SRG, which has cost taxpayers millions in lawsuit settlements + brutalized countless New Yorkers exercising their first amendment rights.»
In response to the shooting, Mamdani has said, «I’m heartbroken to learn of the horrific shooting in midtown and I am holding the victims, their families, and the NYPD officer in critical condition in my thoughts.»
HERO COPS AND GOD SAVED LIVES AFTER THE SHOOTER OPENED FIRE, ERIC ADAMS SAYS

New York Police Department (NYPD) officers respond to the scene of a shooting at 345 Park Ave. in New York, US, on Monday, July 28, 2025. An active shooter attacked 345 Park Ave. in Manhattan, the tower housing Blackstone Inc.’s global headquarters and the National Football League among others, killing one police officer and injuring several other people, according to a city official. (Victor J. Blue/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
He also noted he is «grateful for all of our first responders on the ground.»
On Monday, a lone gunman, later identified as Shane Tamura, walked into a midtown Manhattan office building and opened fire, killing four people before turning the gun on himself.
The four people killed in the shooting were identified as NYPD Officer Didarul Islam, Blackstone executive Wesley LePatner, security guard Aland Etienne and Julia Hyman, an associate at Rudin Management.
The motive for the shooting remains unclear, but the gunman reportedly had a grievance with the NFL, blaming the sport of football for apparent issues with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a side effect from repeated hits to the head.
PHOTO SHOWS HOW EMPLOYEES BARRICADED DURING NYC SHOOTING

NYPD pays condolences for Police Officer Didarul Islam (Getty Images )
In response to the tragedy, Mayor Eric Adams, who is running for re-election as an independent, announced Tuesday that «as a mark of respect for the memory of NYPD Officer Didarul Islam who died in the line of duty and the multiple victims of the mass shooting in Midtown Manhattan at 345 Park Avenue yesterday, I’ve ordered all flags on all city buildings and stationary flagstaffs throughout the five boroughs to be lowered to half-staff until further notice.»
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«Officer Didarul Islam died as he lived, a hero and protector of New York City. We will never forget you,» Adams wrote in another post on X.
Fox News Digital reached out to Mamdani’s campaign for comment but did not immediately receive a response.
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Tsunami waves arrive on Japan’s coast after earthquake in Russia, triggering tsunami alerts for US West Coast

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Tsunami waves arrived on the eastern coast of Japan on Wednesday following a powerful earthquake off the eastern coast of Russia.
The 8.8 magnitude earthquake triggered fears of a tsunami across much of the Pacific Ocean basin, including the shores of Hawaii, southern Alaska, the entire U.S. West Coast and British Columbia.
Tsunami Warnings are in effect for Hawaii and parts of Alaska and the U.S. West Coast, while British Columbia is under a Tsunami Advisory after the earthquake struck just east of Petropavlovsk, Russia, according to FOX Weather.
Several people were injured in the remote Russian region of the Kamchatka Peninsula, while much of Japan’s eastern seaboard was ordered to evacuate.
TEXAS FLOOD RECOVERY VOLUNTEERS FIND DIGNITY IN HELPING VICTIMS
People watch the coast area from higher ground after Japan issued evacuation alert following major quake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula that triggered a tsunami warning, at Yotsukura beach in Iwaki, Fukushima prefecture, Japan July 30, 2025. (Reuters)
«Today’s earthquake was serious and the strongest in decades of tremors,» Kamchatka Gov. Vladimir Solodov said in a video posted on Telegram.
A tsunami with a height of 10-13 feet was recorded in parts of Kamchatka, according to Sergei Lebedev, regional minister for emergency situations.
Several people underwent medical assistance after the earthquake, Oleg Melnikov, regional health minister, told TASS, a Russian-owned news agency.
«Unfortunately, there are some people injured during the seismic event. Some were hurt while running outside, and one patient jumped out of a window. A woman was also injured inside the new airport terminal,» Melnikov said.
«All patients are currently in satisfactory condition, and no serious injuries have been reported so far,» he added.
Russia’s Ministry of Emergency Services said the port in the Sakhalin town of Severo-Kurilsk and a fish processing plant in the area were partially flooded by a tsunami. People in the area have been evacuated.

A kindergarten damaged by the earthquake is seen in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Kamchatka Krai, Russia, July 30, 2025. (Reuters)
A kindergarten was also damaged, but most buildings withstood the earthquake and no fatalities were reported, the ministry said.
Japan’s weather agency said it expected tsunami waves of up to 10 feet to reach large coastal areas.
Tsunami alarms sounded in coastal towns across Japan’s Pacific coast, as authorities urged people to seek higher ground.
Many people on the northern island of Hokkaido were seen on the roof of a building, sheltering under tents from the beating sun, as fishing boats were removed from harbors to avoid potential damage from the waves, according to footage on public broadcaster NHK.
No injuries or damage have been reported so far, Japan Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi said.
Waves reaching more than 10 feet were possible along some coasts of Russia and Ecuador, while waves of three to 10 feet were possible in Japan, Hawaii, Chile and the Solomon Islands, the U.S. Tsunami Warning System said. Smaller waves were possible along coastlines across much of the Pacific, including the U.S. West Coast.
YOUR PHONE PREDICTS AN EARTHQUAKE

Locals evacuate to higher ground in their cars after Japan issued evacuation alert following major quake in Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula that triggered a tsunami warning, in Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan July 30, 2025. (Kyodo/via REUTERS )
«Due to a massive earthquake that occurred in the Pacific Ocean, a Tsunami Warning is in effect for those living in Hawaii,» U.S. President Donald Trump wrote on social media. «A Tsunami Watch is in effect for Alaska and the Pacific Coast of the United States. Japan is also in the way.»
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California Gov. Gavin Newsom later said a tsunami warning was in effect along parts of California’s north coast.
Hawaii ordered evacuations from some coastal areas. Residents of low-lying areas were urged to either move to higher ground or to the fourth floor of a building.
«People need to evacuate, that’s very clear,» Hawaii Gov. Josh Green said in a video posted to X.
«Take Action! Destructive tsunami waves expected,» the Honolulu Department of Emergency Management wrote on X.
This is a developing story. Check back for updates.
Reuters contributed to this report.
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