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Un informe de legisladores de EEUU revela que el régimen chino manipuló el precio global de los minerales críticos durante décadas

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Operadores trabajan en el piso de la Bolsa de Metales de Londres, en Londres, Inglaterra (REUTERS/Simon Dawson)

Un informe del Comité Selecto de la Cámara de Representantes de Estados Unidos sobre China acusó a Beijing de manipular el precio global de minerales críticos durante décadas, utilizando su control del sector como herramienta para fortalecer tanto su industria manufacturera como su influencia geopolítica.

El documento, respaldado por legisladores de ambos partidos y revisado por Reuters, se suma a una serie de advertencias previas desde Washington sobre el poder de China en los mercados internacionales de materias primas estratégicas.

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El comité, presidido por el republicano John Moolenaar y respaldado por el demócrata Raja Krishnamoorthi, sostiene que la posición dominante de China en el procesamiento y comercialización de minerales críticos —como las tierras raras y el litio— dificulta que Estados Unidos y sus aliados puedan determinar el precio real de estos insumos clave. El informe asegura que China intervino en los mercados, elevando y bajando precios de minerales estratégicos para favorecer su economía y minar la competitividad extranjera.

Entre las recomendaciones legislativas, el comité propone medidas como controles de precios y mayor supervisión gubernamental de las agencias que reportan precios, con el objetivo de codificar en ley órdenes ejecutivas recientes y frenar la influencia de China. Además, cuestionan si los precios publicados por la Bolsa de Metales de Londres (LME) —propiedad de Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing— reflejan fielmente la oferta y demanda global bajo la influencia de Beijing.

Mapamundi de minerales críticos en
Mapamundi de minerales críticos en el planeta

Moolenaar, quien preside el comité, argumentó que las maniobras chinas ya causaron la pérdida de empleos industriales en Estados Unidos, forzado el cierre de compañías mineras y comprometido la seguridad nacional.

El informe también señala que el gobierno chino ajusta deliberadamente los precios del litio cuando estos suben, y que su intervención distorsionó otros mercados estratégicos, afectando la participación internacional.

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Las propuestas presentadas buscan promover un debate más amplio sobre los riesgos y mecanismos de protección frente a la creciente influencia del régimen chino en los mercados de minerales críticos, en línea con los esfuerzos tanto del presidente Donald Trump como de su antecesor para reducir la dependencia estadounidense del suministro asiático.

Por su parte, la Bolsa de Metales de Londres aseguró que sus operaciones se rigen por la legislación británica y que los precios se determinan de manera transparente con base en la actividad internacional.

El informe surge luego de que China anunciara el viernes la suspensión, por un año, de las restricciones impuestas desde el 9 de octubre a la exportación de materiales estratégicos tales como tierras raras, componentes para baterías de litio y diamantes sintéticos industriales. De acuerdo con un breve comunicado del Ministerio de Comercio, la medida rige se extenderá hasta el 10 de noviembre de 2026.

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G7 lanza 26 proyectos para
G7 lanza 26 proyectos para reducir dominio chino en minerales críticos (X)

Además, el G7 anunció, a inicios de mes en Toronto, el lanzamiento de 26 nuevos proyectos enfocados en disminuir la dependencia global de China en la cadena de suministro de minerales críticos. El ministro de Energía canadiense, Tim Hodgson, describió la iniciativa como un compromiso “claro y decidido” del bloque para promover una reforma en el mercado mundial de estos recursos estratégicos.

Representantes de Reino Unido, Canadá, Francia, Alemania, Italia, Japón y Estados Unidos participaron en la reunión. Las nuevas iniciativas contemplan alianzas con otros miembros del G7, aunque Estados Unidos aún no participó en acuerdos concretos.

Tae-Yoon Kim, encargado de la división de tierras raras en la Agencia Internacional de Energía, calificó la cita de Toronto como “una oportunidad importante para comenzar a redistribuir el poder del mercado”. En ese sentido, advirtió que “la fuerte concentración de refinado de los minerales críticos en un solo país (China) crea riesgos económicos y de seguridad nacional”.

(Con información de Reuters)

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¿Paquetes al espacio?: Viajar en cohete y dormir en una estación espacial privada, ida y vuelta por 100 millones de dólares

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Con Haven-1, un cilindro de cuatro metros de diámetro y diez metros de longitud, la empresa estadounidense Vast entra en la carrera para construir la primera estación espacial privada del mundo.

El lanzamiento del proyecto, con un interior de paneles de madera y una gran cúpula de observación terrestre, está previsto para mayo de 2026. El espacio fue diseñado para ser «cómodo», explica Andrew Feustel, exastronauta de la NASA y ahora asesor de Vast, al margen de la Web Summit de Lisboa.

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«Tendrá una vida útil de tres años, durante los cuales prevemos enviar cuatro veces a un equipo de cuatro personas«, añade Feustel, quien pasó más de 200 días en el espacio a lo largo de su carrera.

Vast, fundada en 2021 por el multimillonario de las criptomonedas Jed McCaleb, aspira a largo plazo a sustituir la Estación Espacial Internacional (EEI), que quedará fuera de servicio en 2030, por Haven-2, una versión más grande de Haven-1.

Katy Perry entre un grupo de mujeres que volaron al espacio en un cohete de Blue Origin’. Foto: EFE

La empresa, con sede en California, compite en el sector con Axiom Space, Voyager Space (que trabaja con Airbus), y la empresa de Jeff Bezos, Blue Origin, que colabora con Sierra Space.

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Todos buscan conseguir financiamiento de la NASA, con montos que podrían ser de 1.000 a 1.500 millones de dólares, para el desarrollo de estaciones espaciales comerciales y cuyas partidas se asignarán en abril de 2026.

«Voluntad política»

«Hay voluntad política. Las agencias espaciales ya no quieren tener que gestionar la infraestructura» de la EEI, dice Ugo Bonnet, director general del Spaceflight Institute, que propone formaciones para futuros astronautas de vuelos tripulados privados.

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La NASA quiere centrarse en sus proyectos de misiones tripuladas a la Luna y de exploración de Marte, un sector en el que compite con China.

Todo ello supone una gran ocasión para las compañías privadas.

Hay muchos actores que llegan con «calendarios muy agresivos», reconoce Roberto Angelini, director científico y de exploración de Thales Alenia Space.

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Astronautas en la Estación Espacial Internacional. Foto: EFEAstronautas en la Estación Espacial Internacional. Foto: EFE

La empresa conjunta entre Thales y la italiana Leonardo está construyendo los tres módulos presurizados de la futura estación de Axiom Space, que podría estar operativa en 2028, y firmó un acuerdo de colaboración para participar potencialmente en la fabricación de la estación Orbital Reef, de Blue Origin.

Modelo económico

La NASA gasta entre 3.000 y 4.000 millones de dólares al año para mantener la EEI en órbita, dos tercios de los cuales se destinan al reabastecimiento.

La irrupción de los lanzadores reutilizables de SpaceX revolucionó el sector, porque reduce el costo del transporte y allana el camino para estos proyectos de estaciones espaciales privadas.

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La cápsula Crew Dragon. Foto: ReutersLa cápsula Crew Dragon. Foto: Reuters

Vast tiene previsto enviar Haven-1 en órbita con el cohete Falcon 9 de la empresa de Elon Musk. Los astronautas «privados» de Axiom Space viajarán a bordo de su cápsula Crew Dragon.

«Hace 15 o 20 años, enviar un kilogramo al espacio costaba 60.000 dólares», detalla Bonnet. «Cuando Starship, el lanzador de SpaceX, esté operativo en 2030, el costo será inferior a 200 dólares por kilogramo«, añade.

Con todo, gestionar una estación espacial comercial supondrá una suma colosal.

«No estoy segura de su rentabilidad a largo plazo», estima por su parte Béatrice Hainaut, investigadora en políticas espaciales del Instituto francés de Investigación Estratégica de la Escuela Militar.

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Para conseguir ingresos, las empresas confían en la demanda creciente por parte de gobiernos y del sector privado

Vast prevé que el 85% de los ingresos de sus misiones tripuladas provendrá de agencias gubernamentales y el 15% de clientes privados.

La estación EEI, y la Tierra de fondo. Foto: APLa estación EEI, y la Tierra de fondo. Foto: AP

La idea es convertirse en «proveedor de servicios» no solo para Estados Unidos, sino también para otros países que quieran «enviar a sus astronautas en órbita terrestre baja para entrenarse y realizar investigaciones», explica Feustel.

La República Checa y una decena de países ya manifestaron su interés en colaborar con Vast, agrega.

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A nivel de clientes privados, podrían ser institutos de investigación, hospitales y empresas que quieran llevar a cabo experimentos o fabricar productos en el espacio.

¿El precio del viaje? «Menos de 100 millones de dólares«, estima Feustel.

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Comey and James challenge Trump appointee’s legitimacy in federal court hearing

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Former FBI Director James Comey and New York Attorney General Letitia James are aiming to convince a federal judge on Thursday that Lindsey Halligan, who brought criminal charges against both of them, is an unlawful U.S. attorney.

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Lawyers for Comey and James plan to make their arguments during a hearing in Virginia to Judge Cameron Currie, a Clinton appointee tasked with deciding Halligan’s fate.

President Donald Trump installed Halligan in September as the top prosecutor in the Eastern District of Virginia days after ousting Erik Siebert, who opposed charging Comey and James, two of the president’s top political nemeses. Amid the change, Trump posted a remarkable message to Attorney General Pam Bondi on Truth Social, indicating that he wanted revenge for his own prior prosecutions and that Bondi needed to act fast.

Halligan, a former insurance lawyer with no prosecutorial experience, brought the indictments almost immediately. Her name was the lone signature on each of them, and no Virginia prosecutors joined the case.

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TRUMP’S US ATTORNEYS IN BLUE STATES FACE LEGAL CHALLENGES THAT COULD UPEND KEY PROSECUTIONS

President Donald Trump named lawyer Lindsey Halligan as interim U.S. Attorney Eastern District of Virginia in September. (Marco Bello/AFP via Getty Images)

In court briefs, Comey’s and James’ lawyers have said Halligan’s appointment was defective because Bondi improperly designated her as an interim U.S. attorney after Siebert had already served in that position, which had a 120-day term limit that had expired.

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Because Halligan was the lone prosecutor to sign the grand jury indictments, legal experts have said that could be their fatal flaw if the courts deem her invalid.

Bondi has since said she retroactively ratified the indictments and designated Halligan a «special attorney» for the «avoidance of doubt,» according to court filings.

«In all events, the government has endorsed the prosecutions, and the Attorney General has personally ratified the indictments to obviate any question as to their validity,» DOJ lawyers wrote.

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COMEY SEEKS TO TOSS CRIMINAL CASE CALLING TRUMP PROSECUTOR ‘UNLAWFUL’ APPOINTEE

Trump and Bondi

Attorney General Pam Bondi speaks alongside President Donald Trump on recent Supreme Court rulings in the briefing room at the White House on June 27, 2025, in Washington, D.C. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)

Halligan’s appointment came as part of a series of maneuvers the Trump administration has made to bypass the Senate confirmation process and keep in place his preferred appointees in temporary capacities using loopholes in federal vacancy laws. Federal judges in New Jersey, California and Nevada have disqualified appointees in those states, and the New Jersey case is now pending before an appellate court. The issue could be bound for the Supreme Court.

Comey’s lawyers argued in court papers that Currie, the judge presiding over the issue, «should reject the government’s machinations.»

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Comey is facing a charge that he made a false statement to Congress and James is facing a bank fraud allegation.

DOJ DEFENDS TRUMP TRUTH SOCIAL POST AS COMEY SEEKS TO HAVE CASE DISMISSED

James Comey speaks during a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing on Capitol Hill.

Former FBI Director James Comey testifies before the Senate Intelligence Committee about his interactions with President Donald Trump and the Russia investigation on June 8, 2017, in Washington, D.C. (Cheriss May/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

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Both have pleaded not guilty and have argued their indictments should be tossed out on the grounds that Halligan was improperly appointed and that they were selectively and vindictively prosecuted.

If Comey’s and James’ charges were to be thrown out, it is unclear what would happen. The DOJ could appeal or attempt to bring them again, depending on how the courts rule.

Fox News’ Bill Mears and David Spunt contributed to this report.

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justice department,pam bondi,judiciary,virginia,donald trump

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Argentina reveals secret WWII files on Hitler’s henchmen who fled before, after the war

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Multiple documents featuring some of the worst Nazi war criminals were released and declassified earlier this year by Argentine President Javier Milei. The more than 1,850 documents comprise thousands of pages detailing the South American country’s efforts to track and verify the whereabouts of thousands of Nazis who fled Europe after World War II.

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The catalyst for the effort came from the Senate Judiciary Committee and Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, who was credited by the Simon Wiesenthal Center for his efforts in getting Milei to release the documents. 

Most of the materials relate to investigations carried out between the late 1950s and the 1980s and were digitized and made available on the nation’s General Archive website, along with secret, declassified presidential decrees from 1957 to 2005. 

The original batch of documents released online is divided into seven large files roughly centered around the main Nazi criminals covered in them. There are multiple documents related to Adolf Eichmann, the engineer of the «Final Solution,» the plan for the extermination of European Jewry. He lived under the name Ricardo Klement around Buenos Aires until being captured by Mossad agents on Argentine soil and taken in a secret operation to stand trial in Jerusalem in 1960.

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101-YEAR-OLD KRISTALLNACHT SURVIVOR WARNS CURRENT ERA ‘EQUIVALENT TO 1938’ ON ANNIVERSARY OF NAZI RIOT

Adolf Eichmann, in a bulletproof cabin, puts on earphones to hear the reading of the act of accusation against him, Dec. 17, 1961. He was in charge of the extermination of Jews in Poland and then organized the deportation and extermination of Jews in 13 European countries. (Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images)

Eichmann’s case features prominently in the files and there is contradicting evidence that the leftist, populist government of Juan Perón not only knew Eichmann was in the country but also made efforts to protect him.

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Multiple documents also exist detailing the lives of Josef Mengele, the «angel of death» doctor from Auschwitz-Birkenau camps who lived in Argentina and escaped to Paraguay and Brazil, where he died in 1979.

Documents detailing the hunt for Martin Bormann, Hitler’s lieutenant and right-hand man, as well as Croatian murderer, Ante Pavelic, deputy führer and defector Rudolf Hoess and the so-called «butcher of Lyon,» Klaus Barbie, received special attention in the files.

NAZI OFFICER’S DAUGHTER CHARGED AFTER STOLEN WWII PAINTING SPOTTED IN REAL ESTATE LISTING

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Three SS officers socialize on the grounds of the SS retreat outside of Auschwitz, 1944. From left to right they are: Richard Baer (commandant of Auschwitz), Dr. Josef Mengele and Rudolf Hoess (the former Auschwitz commandant). Mengele escaped to Argentina, later escaping to Paraguay and Brazil. (Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

According to Harley Lippman, a member of the United States Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad and a board member of the European Jewish Association, the relevance of the release of the Argentinian documents cannot be understated.

«There are numerous questions that these documents can bring light to why a sophisticated society, far from the plagues of European antisemitism such as Argentina’s, agreed to hide Nazi criminals and their secrets for so long. What happened to the U-boats loaded with Nazi gold brought to the country and given to the authorities?» he asked.

«On the one hand, it is shameful that Argentina kept these documents a secret for so long, but on the other hand, we also need to acknowledge the enormous efforts being made by this government to make these documents public. While the historical significance is important, this is more important for Argentinians to be able to confront their demons as a society than for Jews,» Lippman said.

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Argentine federal police memo on Josef Mengele

This 1950 Argentine federal police memo, marked strictly secret and confidential, seeks intelligence on Josef Mengele, the notorious Nazi doctor from Auschwitz, suggesting that Argentine authorities were aware of his possible presence or activity in the region at that time. (General Archives of the Government of Argentina)

Adding to the large reveal, in May, while the Supreme Court of Argentina was undergoing renovations and transferring document collections to museums, a forgotten trove of 83 boxes of Nazi documents was discovered almost untouched in the basement of the institution. Upon inspection, the crates revealed documents intercepted by Argentine customs in 1941, sent from the German Third Reich Embassy in Tokyo, Japan, to Argentina’s capital, Buenos Aires, aboard the Japanese steamer Nan-a-Maru.

The documents had been sent as personal effects of embassy personnel but were intercepted under orders of the country’s minister for foreign affairs in order not to undermine Argentina’s neutral position in the war. The shipment became the subject of a probe by a commission investigating «anti-Argentine activities,» which led to the seizure and possession of the crates by the country’s supreme court, where they remained for nearly 84 years.

The finding of the boxes revealed multiple materials intended to propagate and consolidate the Third Reich’s and Hitler’s ideologies in Argentina and South America, possibly in an effort to bring neutral countries under the auspices of Germany.

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MILEI SCORES HISTORIC WIN IN ARGENTINA MIDTERMS, TIGHTENS GRIP ON CONGRESS

A document from Argentina's files investigating Nazi war criminals.

The document recounts an Argentine police report describing a German fugitive, Walter Flegel, believed by some to be Martin Bormann, Hitler’s former deputy, living under a false identity in Argentina. It was later proven that the lead was incorrect and that Flegal was not Borman. Earlier this year, Argentina President Javier Milei declassified and released over 1,850 documents detailing Argentina’s efforts to track and verify the whereabouts of thousands of Nazi war criminals. (General Archives of the Government of Argentina)

After opening the boxes along with prominent members of the country’s Jewish community, the court issued a statement saying that «given the historical relevance of the find and the potential crucial information it could contain to clarify events related to the Holocaust,» an exhaustive survey of all the material was ordered.

The contents of the crates have not yet been made public, but Milei’s office has said that once all the documents have been digitized, they will also be declassified and made available.

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Argentina’s chief of the Cabinet of Ministers, Guillermo Francos, has previously said Milei gave the order «because there is no reason to continue withholding that information, and it is no longer in the interest of the Republic of Argentina to keep such secrets.»

«Jews after World War II lived a golden age of about 80 years where antisemitism had subsided, at least apparently, and they could be productive and contributing members of society. This has now ended — partially because of the genocide committed against Israelis by Hamas on Oct. 7, 2023, with world opinion projecting on Israelis and Jews the false role of perpetrators of genocide in the war in Gaza, but also by bringing back the same old antisemitic views that had been alive in Germany and before then,» Lippman says.

A statue of Hitler found in Argentina

A police officer stands in front of a cache of Nazi artifacts discovered in 2017, during a press conference in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Wednesday, Oct. 2, 2019. Argentine authorities found the cache in a secret room behind a bookcase and had uncovered the collection in the course of a wider investigation into artwork of suspicious origin found at a gallery in Buenos Aires. (Natacha Pisarenko/AP Photo)

«The fact that many people under 30 do not know or understand [the meaning of] the Holocaust is part of the reason why antisemitism is on the rise again. «The Holocaust was the largest systematic industrial killing of humans in history. This happened only 80 years ago. Young people seem not to be able to grasp the scale of this, but these documents can bring back the memory of what the Holocaust really was,» he said, comparing the propaganda war currently faced by Israel and Jews under a progressive and projectionist guise.

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Beyond the lives of senior Nazis who escaped to South America on the so-called «ratlines»—possibly under the auspices of certain local governments—Lippman said the documents could also provide important information regarding the role played by Swiss and Argentine banks.

«The Holocaust was the greatest theft in history. Many Swiss banks [which were the depositaries of Jewish money] would not release funds to sometimes a sole survivor from a family who perished in the Holocaust without a death certificate for their loved ones. But Auschwitz did not issue death certificates — they only issued ashes.»

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anti semitism,south america,world war two,israel,holocaust

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