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What is Evacuation Day? The forgotten holiday that predates Thanksgiving — and once eclipsed July 4
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When President Abraham Lincoln first proclaimed Thanksgiving a national holiday, little did he know he was spelling the beginning of the end to the prominence of the original patriotic celebration held during the last week of November: Evacuation Day.
In November 1863, Lincoln issued an order thanking God for harvest blessings, and by the 1940s, Congress had declared the 11th month of the calendar year’s fourth Thursday to be Thanksgiving Day.
That commemoration, though, combined with the gradual move toward détente with what is now the U.S.’ strongest ally – Great Britain – displaced the day Americans celebrated the last of the Redcoats fleeing their land.
Following the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia in 1776, New York City — just 99 miles to the northeast — remained a British stronghold until the end of the Revolutionary War.
Captured Continentals were held aboard prison ships in New York Harbor and British political activity in the West was anchored in the Big Apple, according to the Department of Veterans Affairs.
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Gen. George Washington parades through Lower Manhattan on Evacuation Day; Nov. 25, 1783. (Library of Congress lithograph via Getty)
However, that all came crashing down on the crown after the Treaty of Paris was signed, and new «Americans» eagerly saw the British out of their hard-won home on Nov. 25, 1783.
In their haste to flee the U.S., the British took time to grease flagpoles that still flew the Union Jack. One prominent post was at Bennett Park – on present-day West 183 Street near the northern tip of Manhattan.
Undeterred, Sgt. John van Arsdale, a Revolution veteran, cobbled together cleats that allowed him to climb the slick pole and tear down the then-enemy flag. Van Arsdale replaced it with the Stars and Stripes – and without today’s skyscrapers in the way, the change of colors at the island’s highest point could be seen farther downtown.
In the harbor, a final blast from a British warship aimed for Staten Island, but missed a crowd that had assembled to watch the 6,000-man military begin its journey back across the Atlantic to King George III.
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John Van Arsdale replaces the Union Jack with the American flag at Bennett Park – just north of today’s George Washington Bridge – as the British evacuate New York on Nov. 25, 1783. (Getty)
Later that day, future President George Washington and New York Gov. George Clinton – who had negotiated «evacuation» with England’s Canadian Gov. Sir Guy Carleton – led a military march down Broadway through throngs of revelers to what would today be the Wall Street financial district at the other end of Manhattan.
Clinton hosted Washington for dinner and a «Farewell Toast» at nearby Fraunces’ Tavern, which houses a museum dedicated to the original U.S. holiday. Samuel Fraunces, who owned the watering hole, provided food and reportedly intelligence to the Continental Army.
Washington convened at Fraunces’ just over a week later to announce his leave from the Army, surrounded by Clinton and other top Revolutionary figures like German-born Gen. Friedrich von Steuben – whom New York’s Oktoberfest-styled parade officially honors, but who is often supplanted by beer themes elsewhere.
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«With a heart full of love and gratitude, I now take leave of you. I most devoutly wish that your latter days may be as prosperous and happy, as your former ones have been glorious and honorable,» Washington said.
Before Lincoln – and later Congress – normalized Thanksgiving as the mass family affair it has become, Evacuation Day was more prominent than both its successor and Independence Day, according to several sources, including Untapped New York.
November 25 was a school holiday in the 19th century and people re-created van Arsdale’s climb up the Bennett Park flagpole. Formal dinners were held at the Plaza Hotel and other upscale institutions for many years, according to the outlet.
The New York Public Library reportedly holds a Delmonico’s Steakhouse menu from the Evacuation Day centennial celebration in 1783; with celebrants dining on fish, pheasant and turkey, according to Eurasia Review.
An official parade reminiscent of today’s Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade was held every year in New York until the 1910s.
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Fraunces’ Tavern, at Pearl and Broad Streets in New York City. (Getty)
As diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom warmed heading into the 20th century and the U.S. alliance with London during the World Wars proved crucial, celebrating Evacuation Day became less and less prominent.
Into the 2010s, however, commemorative flag-raisings have been sporadically held at Bowling Green, the southern endpoint of Broadway.
For the 242nd anniversary of Evacuation Day in 2025, the Lower Manhattan Historical Association reportedly held a procession on Saturday from Fraunces’ to Evacuation Day Plaza – where in present-day, the Wall Street «bull» is found.
A flag-raising then took place across the street at Bowling Green, according to DowntownNY. The historic greenspace is the oldest public park in the city and was a regular gathering place in British-Colonial New York.
On the original Evacuation Day, Washington’s dinner at Fraunces Tavern was preceded by the new U.S. Army marching down the iconic avenue to formally take back New York.
Washington Taking Leave of the Officers of His Army–at Francis’s Tavern, Broad Street, New York – «With a heart full of love and gratitude, I now take leave of you. I most devoutly wish that your latter days may be as prosperous and happy, as your former ones have been glorious and honorable.» (1848 Lithograph by Nathaniel Currier/Pierce Archive/Buyenlarge via Getty Images)
Thirteen toasts – marking the number of United States – were raised at Fraunces, each one spelling out the new government’s hope for the new nation or giving thanks to those who helped it come to be.
An aide to Washington wrote them down for posterity, and the Sons of the American Revolution recite them at an annual dinner, according to the tavern’s museum site.
«To the United States of America,» the first toast went. The second honored King Louis XVI, whose French Army was crucial in America’s victory.
«To the vindicators of the rights of mankind in every quarter of the globe,» read another. «May a close union of the states guard the temple they have erected to liberty.»
The 13th toast offered a warning to any other country that might ever seek to invade the new U.S.:
«May the remembrance of this day be a lesson to princes.»
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A conservative-aligned watchdog group has filed a bar complaint accusing New York Attorney General Letitia James of professional misconduct tied to her Norfolk, Virginia, mortgage, allegations that were also at the center of her recently dismissed federal charges.
The Center to Advance Security in America (CASA) filed the complaint with the state’s Attorney Grievance Committee, accusing James of engaging in «illegal and dishonest conduct» in connection with the mortgage she took out on the property, according to the New York Post.
According to the complaint and related public statements, the group alleges that James’ actions raise concerns under the state’s Rules of Professional Conduct, the ethical standards that govern lawyers in New York.
«Fraud, misrepresentation, honesty and trustworthiness are all factors that the Rules of Professional Conduct expressly consider when weighing whether to discipline an attorney,» Curtis Schube, the group’s director of research and policy, wrote in the four-page complaint, per the outlet.
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New York Attorney General Letitia James attends a press conference in New York. (Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images)
«The Committee, therefore, should immediately investigate the allegations against James and, if by ‘preponderance of the evidence’ the allegations are substantiated, she should be disciplined accordingly.»
A federal judge threw out the indictments against James and former FBI Director James Comey on Monday, finding they were illegitimate because they were brought by an unqualified U.S. attorney.
Judge Cameron Currie dismissed the bank fraud charges against James and the false statements charges against Comey without prejudice, meaning the charges could be brought again.
White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt told Fox News’ Martha MacCaullum that the Department of Justice plans to appeal.
«We believe the attorney in this case, Lindsey Halligan, is not only extremely qualified for this position, but she was in fact legally appointed,» Leavitt said. «And I know the Department of Justice will be appealing this in very short order.»
Lindsey Halligan, special assistant to the president, speaks with a reporter outside of the White House, Wednesday, Aug. 20, 2025, in Washington. (Jacquelyn Martin/AP)
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Currie, a Clinton appointee based in South Carolina, was brought in from out of state to preside over proceedings about the question of Halligan’s authority because it presented a conflict for the Virginia judges. Comey’s and James’ challenges to Halligan’s appointment were consolidated because of their similarity.
Halligan acted alone in presenting charges to the grand juries shortly after Trump ousted the prior interim U.S. attorney, Erik Siebert, and urged Attorney General Pam Bondi to replace him with Halligan, a former White House aide and insurance lawyer. Bondi complied, but Currie found the interim U.S. attorney term had already expired under Siebert and that the Virginia judges were now responsible for appointing a temporary U.S. attorney to serve until Trump could get one confirmed in the Senate.
James was indicted on Oct. 9 for allegedly falsifying mortgage documents to secure a $109,600 loan on the property. She was also charged with making false statements to a financial institution.
White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said that the Department of Justice plans to appeal the dismissal of the case against James. (Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)
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James, a second-term Democrat, was accused of claiming the property as her principal residence in 2023 despite being a public office holder in New York at that same time.
She has denied wrongdoing. She previously said she made an error while filling out a form related to the home purchase but fixed it. She noted that she never tried to deceive the lender.
Fox News Digital reached out to both the New York attorney general’s office and CASA, but did not immediately receive a response.
Fox News’ Ashley Oliver and Louis Casiano contributed to this report.
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Mucho antes de que términos como calorías, proteínas o vitaminas se popularizaran, los habitantes del Imperio romano diseñaron una teoría de la nutrición sofisticada para su tiempo. Sin acceso a métodos científicos modernos, los romanos crearon un sistema fundamentado en la observación empírica y en la teoría de los humores, influyendo tanto en su alimentación como en la percepción de la salud y la personalidad. Aunque este enfoque difiere de los principios científicos actuales, revela paralelismos notables con conceptos contemporáneos sobre nutrición.
En el corazón de la nutrición romana existía la convicción de que los alimentos, tras ser ingeridos y digeridos, se convertían en sangre, considerada el elemento esencial del organismo.
La Dra. Claire Bubb, profesora adjunta de estudios sobre el mundo antiguo, explica en History Extra que la comida se transformaba en sangre, y esta, a su vez, alimentaba las partes del cuerpo donde era requerida: “El componente básico del organismo”.
Así, quienes utilizaban más sus músculos dirigían hacia ellos la sangre necesaria para su desarrollo. Esta perspectiva, aunque lejana de la fisiología moderna, reflejaba una comprensión intuitiva de la conexión entre alimentación y bienestar físico.
A diferencia de la ciencia actual, que clasifica los alimentos según su composición química, los romanos agrupaban los productos por sus cualidades percibidas: calor, frío, humedad y sequedad. Estas características, determinadas por sabor y textura, se vinculaban a efectos específicos en el organismo. Por ejemplo, los pepinos se consideraban fríos y húmedos, mientras que el pan y la carne asada eran vistos como secos y calientes.
En tanto, los alimentos de sabor fuerte, como la cebolla, el ajo o la rúcula, se catalogaban como picantes. A algunos se le atribuían la capacidad de fortalecer el cuerpo o aportar “jugos saludables”, anticipando de forma empírica la noción moderna de nutrientes.
La Dra. Bubb resalta la existencia de ideas equivalentes en el pensamiento romano, expresadas con terminología propia, que observaban realidades similares a las de hoy pero desde una teoría alternativa sobre el funcionamiento de los alimentos y la nutrición. Si bien no utilizaban el concepto de proteínas, reconocían que algunas comidas contribuían al desarrollo muscular.
La teoría de los humores imperaba tanto en la medicina como en la alimentación en la antigua Roma. Según este enfoque, el cuerpo humano se regía por cuatro fluidos: sangre, flema, bilis amarilla y bilis negra, cada uno vinculado a un elemento natural.
El equilibrio o desequilibrio de estos humores determinaba no solo la salud física, sino la personalidad y las emociones. Un exceso de sangre, por ejemplo, se asociaba al carácter alegre, mientras que demasiada bilis negra se vinculaba a la melancolía.
Este sistema también influía en las recomendaciones sobre la alimentación. Se consideraba que las enfermedades surgían de desequilibrios entre cualidades opuestas. Así, una persona que padecía una dolencia “caliente y seca” debía consumir alimentos “fríos y húmedos”.
La dieta variaba según la edad, la estación del año y la salud. Los niños y atletas requerían mayor calor y nutrición, mientras que a los ancianos, percibidos como más fríos, se les aconsejaba menos alimento.
Estas creencias trascendían la mesa y permeaban la vida cotidiana romana. La alimentación reflejaba la constitución física, la personalidad y la posición social de cada individuo. La distribución pública de alimentos como el pan tenía un papel central en la vida urbana, y la elección de ingredientes respondía tanto a criterios de salud como a la búsqueda de equilibrio humoral.
Asimismo, la Dra. Bubb destaca el carácter empírico de este sistema: era “una manera de observar cómo funcionaba la salud y el cuerpo” a partir de la experiencia directa. Los romanos notaban los efectos de la comida en su cuerpo y ajustaban su dieta, aunque carecían de herramientas científicas para analizar la composición de los alimentos.
“Lo genial es lo intuitivo que es. Puedes entender que si comes demasiado, te sientes lleno y un poco asqueroso al día siguiente”, explicó la experta.
Hoy, muchas explicaciones romanas resultan extrañas: pensar que los alimentos contienen pequeñas partículas de fuego parece absurdo, aunque actualmente se hable de calorías y de transformación de los alimentos en energía. Al carecer de microscopios y laboratorios, los romanos dependían de la observación directa y del análisis de efectos visibles para fundamentar su nutrición.
A pesar de las limitaciones de su marco teórico, el enfoque integral romano, que vinculaba alimentación, salud, bienestar y constitución física, anticipa ciertas posturas holísticas de la nutrición contemporánea. La conexión entre dieta, personalidad y entorno evidencia una percepción de las interrelaciones entre los diferentes aspectos de la existencia humana.
Considerar la alimentación dentro de un sistema que abarca salud, bienestar y constitución física demuestra una visión que, aunque nacida en la antigüedad, resuena con la concepción moderna de la nutrición como un fenómeno complejo e interconectado.
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Sen. Elissa Slotkin, D-Mich., remained silent Friday when asked about previous statements she made suggesting that government officials should be prepared to push back on President Donald Trump if he ordered the military to fire on civilians.
Slotkin and other Democrats now face a reversal of those worries as the country reels from a shooting Wednesday that left one National Guard member dead and another in critical condition in Washington.
Her office did not respond to multiple requests for comment.
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Sen. Elissa Slotkin’s alarm about the National Guard and other federal troops originally stemmed from comments President Donald Trump allegedly made to former Secretary of Defense Mark Esper during his first term. (Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images)
Slotkin’s alarm about the National Guard and other federal troops originally stemmed from comments Trump allegedly made to former Secretary of Defense Mark Esper during Trump’s first term.
«The president in the last administration asked then-secretary (Mark) Esper to send in the 82 Airborne into Washington, D.C. to try to quell peaceful protests here in the city. And he said, if necessary, can’t you just ‘shoot at their legs?’» Slotkin said during a January committee hearing.
Esper recorded those quotes as part of the administration’s considerations of how to respond to protests over the death of George Floyd. Floyd’s 2020 killing by a Minneapolis police officer sparked nationwide protests and ignited the Black Lives Matter movement.
The quotes were included in Esper’s book, «A Sacred Oath,» a highly critical memoir of the first Trump administration.
Trump has denied ever making the statement.
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The alarm about the National Guard and other federal troops originally stemmed from comments President Donald Trump allegedly made to former Secretary of Defense Mark Esper during his first term. (Evan Vucci/The Associated Press )
The statements Trump allegedly made to Esper — and other questions about Trump’s use of federal troops — prompted Slotkin and six other Democrat lawmakers to release a video earlier in November, calling for service members to «not give up the ship.» In it, they urged members of the military and intelligence community to disregard illegal orders.
«The threats to our Constitution aren’t just coming from abroad but from right here at home,» the lawmakers said in the video. «Our laws are clear: You can refuse illegal orders. You must refuse illegal orders. No one has to carry out orders that violate the law or our Constitution.»
When asked what they meant by illegal acts, several lawmakers pointed to Trump’s comments about shooting protesters in the legs, an act that they said would go against the Uniform Code of Military Justice.
Besides Slotkin, Sen. Mark Kelly, D-Ariz.; Rep. Jason Crow, D-Colo.; Rep. Chris Deluzio, D-Pa.; Rep. Chrissy Houlahan, D-Pa.; and Rep. Maggie Goodlander, D-N.H., also appeared in the video.
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A group of Democratic lawmakers with military and intelligence backgrounds, including Sen. Elissa Slotkin, D-Mich.; Sen. Mark Kelly, D-Ariz.; Rep. Chris Deluzio, D-Pa.; Rep. Maggie Goodlander, D-N.H.; Rep. Chrissy Houlahan, D-Pa.; and Rep. Jason Crow, Colo., released a video directed at service members and intelligence officers stating, «Our laws are clear. You can refuse illegal orders.» (Nicolas Economou/NurPhoto via Getty Images; Mark Kelly; Elissa Slotkin; Congress)
Wednesday’s shooter’s motives remain unclear.
The FBI has identified him as 29-year-old Afghan national Rahmanullah Lakanwal, a former member of a counterterrorism team in Afghanistan. He is in custody and faces first-degree murder charges.
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The bureau has described his attack as targeted and is investigating it as an act of terrorism.
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