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Estados Unidos se prepara para un eventual enfrentamiento militar con Irán

Cuando el presidente Donald Trump amenazó el mes pasado con atacar Irán si su gobierno no aceptaba un acuerdo para detener su programa nuclear, el Pentágono no estaba en condiciones de respaldarlo.
Los entre 30.000 y 40.000 soldados estadounidenses dispersos por Medio Oriente, y sus ocho bases permanentes, tenían escasas defensas aéreas para protegerse de las previsibles represalias.
Los aviones de combate adicionales necesarios para ejecutar el tipo de operación de barrido de la que hablaba Trump estaban designados en bases estadounidenses en Europa, y también en instalaciones en Estados Unidos. Gran parte del equipo militar reunido en Medio Oriente durante 20 años de guerra, e incluso durante la campaña estadounidense contra los hutíes yemeníes del año pasado, había salido de la región.
Por eso, funcionarios de seguridad nacional de alto rango propusieron al presidente que se mantuviera a la espera mientras el Pentágono reconstruía su capacidad de ataque y, lo que es aún más importante, de defensa en los 11 países que podrían ser vulnerables a las represalias iraníes, según tres funcionarios estadounidenses, que hablaron con la condición de mantener su anonimato para poder discutir cuestiones operativas.
“El presidente Trump tiene todas las opciones sobre la mesa con respecto a Irán”, dijo Anna Kelly, vocera de la Casa Blanca. “Escucha diversas perspectivas sobre cualquier asunto, pero toma la decisión final basándose en lo que es mejor para nuestro país y la seguridad nacional”.
Ahora, mientras Trump analiza sus opciones militares si la diplomacia no logra resolver las disputas con Irán sobre sus programas nuclear y de misiles balísticos, el Pentágono está aprovechando el tiempo para terminar de construir la “armada” que el presidente dijo que se dirigía hacia ese país.
Hasta ahora, esa armada incluye ocho destructores de misiles teledirigidos que pueden derribar misiles balísticos iraníes, sistemas terrestres de defensa contra misiles balísticos y submarinos que pueden lanzar misiles de crucero Tomahawk contra objetivos en Irán.
En las últimas tres semanas, mientras diplomáticos y dirigentes de Israel, los países árabes, Irán y Estados Unidos han iniciado conversaciones, el Pentágono se ha estado preparando para la guerra. Las plataformas que está instalando no solo tienen capacidad ofensiva, dijeron oficiales militares, sino también defensiva, porque es probable que Irán devuelva el ataque.
Un alto cargo militar describió el proceso como poner la casa en orden.

En un principio, Trump dijo que intentaba defender a los manifestantes iraníes que comenzaron a desafiar al gobierno autoritario a finales del año pasado. Pero se ha retractado “cuando dijo que Estados Unidos estaba ‘preparado y listo’ para proteger a los manifestantes”, dijo Vali Nasr, experto en Irán y profesor de Asuntos Internacionales en la Universidad Johns Hopkins.
Pero, más recientemente, sus razones para atacar a Irán han vuelto a centrarse en su programa nuclear, que los funcionarios iraníes insisten en que tiene fines civiles y no para producir armas.
“Amenazó con la guerra antes de que el ejército estadounidense estuviera preparado”, dijo Nasr. “Pero al poner la guerra sobre la mesa y tener que retroceder para dar tiempo a la preparación, también alertó a Irán de que se avecinaba la guerra y le dio tiempo para hacer más creíbles sus propias amenazas de represalia”.
Altos cargos del gobierno dijeron que Trump no había decidido si atacaría a Irán.
Tras reunirse con el primer ministro de Israel, Benjamín Netanyahu, en la Casa Blanca el miércoles, Trump escribió en redes sociales que “no se llegó a nada definitivo, aparte de que insistí en que continuaran las negociaciones con Irán”.
Las opciones que Trump ha estado sopesando incluyen una acción militar dirigida contra el programa nuclear de Irán y su capacidad de lanzar misiles balísticos, según tres funcionarios estadounidenses. También está considerando opciones que incluirían el envío de comandos estadounidenses para perseguir determinados objetivos militares iraníes, dijeron los funcionarios.
Pero antes de que el Pentágono pueda hacer nada de esto, debe estar mejor preparado, dijeron los funcionarios.
Eso significa trasladar sistemas de defensa antiaérea a bases de la región que albergan soldados estadounidenses —no solo en la base aérea de Al Udeid, en Qatar, que Irán atacó el año pasado en represalia por los ataques estadounidenses contra sus instalaciones nucleares—, sino también en bases de Irak, Baréin, Kuwait y Jordania.
“Defensivamente, tenemos que asegurarnos, antes de hacer nada” de que las defensas estadounidenses están en orden, dijo el general Joseph Votel, excomandante del Mando Central de Estados Unidos. “De modo que estemos preparados para la inevitable respuesta que vuelva contra los intereses estadounidenses o contra nuestros socios”.
En su amenaza del mes pasado, Trump caracterizó la escalada en Medio Oriente como mayor que la de Venezuela el año pasado, que condujo a una incursión de la Fuerza Delta del ejército para capturar al presidente Nicolás Maduro a principios de enero. No cabe duda de que existen similitudes, ya que cada una de ellas implicó el despliegue de miles de soldados en el mar y bases en tierra, y cada escalada creó su fuerza de ataque en torno a un portaaviones.
En el caso de Irán, el portaaviones Abraham Lincoln, acompañado de tres buques de guerra equipados con misiles Tomahawk, se encuentra en el centro de una decena de buques de guerra en la región, incluidos el mar Arábigo, el golfo Pérsico, el mar Rojo y el mar Mediterráneo oriental.
Los drones iraníes han estado rastreando el portaaviones, y un caza de la Armada derribó uno el 3 de febrero después de que funcionarios estadounidenses dijeran que se había acercado al Lincoln.
Los cazas furtivos F-35 y los aviones de ataque F/A-18 del portaaviones están a una distancia de ataque considerable de objetivos en Irán. Estados Unidos también ha enviado más de una decena de aviones de ataque F-15E adicionales a la región, según funcionarios estadounidenses.
El jueves, se comunicó a la tripulación de un segundo portaaviones, el USS Gerald R. Ford, que abandonaría el Caribe, donde el buque se unió el mes pasado a la operación estadounidense para capturar a Maduro, y se desplegaría en Medio Oriente como parte de la campaña de presión de Trump contra Irán.
Los B-2 y otros bombarderos de largo alcance en Estados Unidos que podrían atacar objetivos en Irán permanecen en un estado de alerta superior al habitual, según un funcionario estadounidense de alto rango, quien habló bajo condición de anonimato para discutir cuestiones operativas. El Pentágono elevó el estado de alerta hace casi un mes, cuando Trump solicitó opciones para responder a la represión violenta del gobierno iraní de las protestas.
Los analistas militares afirman que otros indicios de posibles operaciones importantes suelen ser el número de aviones cisterna de reabastecimiento en Medio Oriente o en sus cercanías, y el número de EA-18 Growlers, aviones antirradar que pueden escoltar a los bombarderos. Hay Growlers en el Lincoln, y el Mando Central envió recientemente algunos a una base en Jordania.
Los datos de seguimiento de vuelos indican que Estados Unidos también está acercando o introduciendo en la región aviones adicionales, incluidos aviones de reabastecimiento y de reconocimiento.

Los analistas afirman que otro indicio de la seriedad de cualquier plan ofensivo sería que la Marina trasladara un submarino lanzamisiles balísticos que suele operar en el Mediterráneo al mar Rojo o, más probablemente, al mar Arábigo, donde estaría mejor situado para atacar objetivos en Irán.
Los submarinos de la Armada pueden transportar hasta 154 misiles de crucero Tomahawk, lo que añade una considerable potencia de fuego a la región. A diferencia de sus buques, la Marina no suele revelar la ubicación de sus submarinos. Pero un submarino que se desplazara desde el Mediterráneo hacia las vías fluviales del este tendría que salir a la superficie atravesando el canal de Suez y sería visible para los rastreadores de buques. Eso aún no ha ocurrido.
Además de su arsenal ofensivo, el Pentágono está enviando más defensas aéreas Patriot y THAAD a la región para ayudar a proteger a los soldados de los ataques de represalia de los misiles iraníes de corto y medio alcance.
Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr., general retirado de cuatro estrellas de la Infantería de Marina y exjefe del Mando Central de Estados Unidos, dijo que los líderes militares y políticos de Irán se tomarían en serio cualquier refuerzo estadounidense debido al historial de Trump: el bombardeo de tres instalaciones nucleares iraníes el pasado junio y el asesinato de un general iraní de alto rango, Qasem Soleimani, en enero de 2020.
“Los iraníes temen a Trump porque mató a Soleimani y atacó sus instalaciones nucleares”, dijo el general McKenzie en una entrevista. “Le temen porque emprende acciones directas”.
© The New York Times 2026.
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Giséle Pelicot publica sus memorias: la pesadilla de haber sido drogada y violada por su marido y 50 hombres durante una década

Jean Loup, su nueva pareja
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«Una muñeca de trapo»
No avergonzarse nunca
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El juicio
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‘Doubling down on stupid’: Newsom, AOC, trash Trump at European summit as they raise 2028 profiles

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Two of President Donald Trump’s top Democratic critics are using appearances at a high-profile European gathering to blast the Republican president’s agenda and beef up their foreign policy chops on the world state ahead of possible 2028 White House runs.
«Donald Trump is temporary,» California Gov. Gavin Newsom said Friday during a climate change discussion at the Munich Security Conference in Germany. «He’ll be gone in three years.»
And Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New York, during a town hall at the prestigious conference, pointed to Trump and charged, «We are seeing our presidential administration tear apart the transatlantic partnership, rip up every democratic norm.»
Newsom and Ocasio-Cortez are the most well known of a small group of potential Democratic presidential contenders using appearances in Munich to criticize Trump’s international agenda and offer a contrast to Vice President JD Vance, the perceived 2028 Republican front-runner, who delivered a scathing attack on Europe during his speech at the security forum last year.
NEWSOM STOP IN KEY PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY STATE SPARKS MORE 2028 SPECULATION
Vice President JD Vance gives a speech at the Munich Security Conference (MSC) in Munich, Germany, Feb. 14, 2025. (Leah Millis/Reuter)
The other Democrats with likely national ambitions making the rounds at the confab and meeting with international leaders are Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, Sens. Ruben Gallego and Mark Kelly of Arizona and Chris Murphy of Connecticut, and former Commerce Secretary. Gina Raimondo.
Ocasio-Cortez pointed to her fellow Democrats in Munich and said, «I think many of us are here to say we are here, and we are ready for the next chapter, not to have the world turn to isolation, but to deepen our partnership … and increase our commitment to integrity to our values.»
At a second discussion later on Friday, Ocasio-Cortez argued that «the United States is very much in a compromised position compared to where we were five years ago. Our relationships with our allies are strained. Our commitment and demonstrated consistency on democratic values and human rights are also incredibly strained.»
JD VANCE SAYS ‘DUMBEST’ DEMOCRATIC CANDIDATE WILL WIN NOMINATION IN 2028
Newsom, who is speaking at his third major international conference in recent months, following appearances last month at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland and late last year at a world climate conference in Brazil, hammered Trump over climate policy, arguing the president is «doubling down on stupid.»

California Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks during a session at the Munich Security Conference in Munich, Germany, Friday, Feb. 13, 2026. (Michael Probst/AP Photo)
«Never in the history of the United States of America has there been a more destructive president than the current occupant of the White House in Washington, D.C.,» Newsom charged. «Donald Trump is trying to turn back the clock.»
THE 2028 WHITE HOUSE RACE IS ALREADY UNDERWAY
The White House, responding to the criticism from Newsom and Ocasio-Cortez, argued in a statement to Fox News Digital that «Gavin Newscum and AOC should be fixing California and New York’s many problems, but instead, they are frolicking in Europe, where no one knows or cares who they are.»
Ocasio-Cortez, during the first of her two appearances at the conference, was asked by the town hall moderator, «When you run for president, are you going to impose a wealth tax or a billionaire’s tax?»

Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., takes part in the Munich Security Conference in Munich, Germany, on Friday, Feb. 13, 2026. (Sven Hoppe /dpa via AP)
Responding with a laugh, the four-term federal lawmaker who has long advocated for significant tax increases on the ultra-wealthy to fund progressive initiatives then said, «We don’t have to wait for any one president to impose a wealth tax… That needs to be done expeditiously.»
Matthew Bartlett, who served at the State Department during the first Trump administration, told Fox News Digital that «the regular foreign policy crowd is turning into something of a cattle call for 2028 as numerous Democrats take Munich to articulate their vision and try to develop some sort of foreign policy credential as the next presidential race is on the horizon.»
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And Terry Shumaker, who served as U.S. ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago during the Clinton administration, noted that the appearances in Munich by the potential candidates «gives them experience, confidence, and something to refer back to on the campaign trail when they’re asked about their foreign policy experience.»
And Shumaker, a longtime New Hampshire-based attorney and Democratic Party activist, said it also signals to the world «that Trump is not a monolith. That there’s another side of the story in the United States.»
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Bolsonaro dynasty eyes comeback as Brazil’s socialist president faces challenge from jailed rival’s son

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FIRST ON FOX: Eduardo Bolsonaro, son of incarcerated former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, is a man on an unofficial diplomatic mission in the United States. His objective is to free his father, who is serving a 27-year sentence at the Federal Police headquarters in the nation’s capital.
Convicted on charges of plotting a coup d’état, leading an armed criminal organization and attempting to violently abolish the democratic rule of law, Jair Bolsonaro remains a popular yet controversial figure in Brazil who still commands a devoted following nationwide, especially in the southern strongholds of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
Former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro’s son announces a biopic, while his brother, Sen. Flávio Bolsonaro, enters the 2026 presidential race. (Ton Molina/Getty Images/ Evaristo Sa / AFP via Getty Images)
Eduardo Bolsonaro has pursued a «maximum pressure campaign» against the current Brazilian regime on behalf of his father, lobbying the Trump administration for sanctions against the country and for Magnitsky sanctions against the head of the Brazilian Supreme Court, Alexandre de Moraes.
RUBIO WARNS BRAZIL OF US RESPONSE AFTER BOLSONARO’S CONVICTION FOR PLOTTING A COUP
In 2022, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva narrowly defeated incumbent Bolsonaro in the closest election since Brazil’s 1985 return to democracy. This followed Lula’s dramatic release from prison by the Brazilian Supreme Court in 2019, where he was serving a sentence for corruption.
While many expected São Paulo Governor Tarcisio de Freitas to run in 2026, he declined, clearing the way for the former president’s other son, Sen. Flavio Bolsonaro, who declared his candidacy in December.
Speaking to Fox News Digital at the Hispanic Prosperity Gala at Mar-a-Lago, Eduardo Bolsonaro discussed the situation.
«A lot of polls are showing that my brother, Senator Flavio (Bolsonaro), is tied and some of them he’s a little bit ahead. … Flavio just launched, just announced that he is going to run. It was a big decision that Jair Bolsonaro took, recognizing that it would be impossible for him to run in the October election, for sure, because he’s in jail now. Unfairly, but he is. This is a fact.»
Eduardo Bolsonaro believes the nation’s economic and security issues will propel his brother to victory.
«The strategy of Flavio is to show how bad the Lula administration is, mainly in economy and also in security. These are areas where Flavio is doing very well,» Eduardo said.
«Everybody’s fed up with Lula supporting Hamas, increasing criminality and not doing a great job in the economic area. So, Flavio, for sure his focus is going to be on the economy and security to defeat Lula.»
While Flavio Bolsonaro and Lula are clearly the top two contenders, several other right-wing and center-right candidates have entered the race, including Minas Gerais Governor Romeu Zema, Paraná Governor Ratinho Junior and Goiás Governor Ronaldo Caiado.

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva speaks during the 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly at the United Nations headquarters on Sept. 23, 2025, in New York City. (Taylor Hill/Getty Images)
Eduardo Bolsonaro dismisses concerns that the current electoral scenario could split the vote and lead to a first-round electoral victory for Lula.
«It doesn’t matter who is going to the second round; against Lula, everybody will be together. Because we all know that the worst that can happen to the country is the re-election of Lula da Silva,» Eduardo said.
«So, these polls that are trying to say that Lula … can win in the first round if the right-wing movement splits the votes between these candidates. This is a lie. For sure, this is not going to happen.
«And, for sure, it’s very good that we have more candidates on the right wing. … Why? Because they will all criticize Lula da Silva. So, even Flavio is publicly saying that it would be a good thing to do to support more and more candidates for the right … against Lula.»
JIM CAVIEZEL STARRING IN BOLSONARO BIOPIC AS SON OF JAILED FORMER PRESIDENT LAUNCHES 2026 CAMPAIGN
While former President Bolsonaro is incarcerated, his movement enjoys strong support in the Brazilian Congress, which recently passed legislation that would dramatically cut his prison sentence.
However, Lula vetoed the legislation in January, which means that Congress may now seek to override that veto. Additionally, the Supreme Court, which is unfavorably disposed to Bolsonaro, may also review the legislation on grounds of constitutionality.

President Donald Trump and Brazilian Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes. (Getty Images)
«Everything that the Supreme Court does not like, they say that this is against our constitution. It’s the way that they try to get all of the power over the legislative [branch], and even sometimes the executive power. So, this is one more chapter of this long invasion by the judiciary. … Lula da Silva doing the veto against this bill that was approved by the Congress only shows that he is always speaking with the left-wing bubble. He’s talking to the radical left people.»
Eduardo Bolsonaro believes the Brazilian people support his father over the Supreme Court and points out his father was not even present in Brazil for the Jan. 8 riots.
«In Brazil they do not approve [of the veto]. They are fed up with all of this. … On the very same day [Jan. 8, 2023] … the ‘protest dictator,’ Jair Bolsonaro, was in Orlando, in Disney World,» Eduardo said.
«So, everybody knows this is a fake thing, and no one can support any more debates around this.

Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and President Donald Trump feud over tariffs and Brazil’s treatment of Bolsonaro. (Adriano Machado/Evelyn Hockstein/Reuters)
«That’s why Jair Bolsonaro is in jail because if he wasn’t convicted to 27 years in jail. He would be free to run, and for sure he would be the next president of Brazil. That’s the only reason that he is in jail, because of political reasons. That is why when Flavio Bolsonaro gets elected in October and changes the political scenario, this will also change the scenario inside the judiciary of Brazil.»
Eduardo Bolsonaro is entirely focused on his brother Flavio’s 2026 presidential campaign as a means to freeing his father from prison.
«Now, I only have one role … electing Flávio Bolsonaro, and he will give the pardon to Jair. Not only to Jair, but also to me. I am accused of committing crimes in the United States because I was talking with authorities, American authorities, and they consider this an attack against the sovereignty of Brazil.
«The judge of the Supreme Court, Alexandre de Moraes, who got sanctioned by the Trump administration with the support of Scott Bessent and Marco Rubio, he blames me for that. But as he does not have the courage to sue Trump, Bessent and Rubio, he’s suing me for that. So, we hope that Flavio is going to get elected and then, as president, he has the power to pardon me, my father and more than 400 conservative people that are in jail.»
While the Bolsonaros have historically performed well in the vote-rich and wealthy southern states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, they have underperformed in Brazil’s poorer Northeast region, which is where Lula is originally from.
Yet, Bolsonaro promises a strong showing nationwide and says that voters in the Northeast are ready for a change:
«It’s bringing the truth. People nowadays know that ‘assistencialismo’ (populist social assistance for purposes of vote-buying), is the way that Lula gets this high amount of votes in the Northeast of Brazil.

A political protest in Rio de Janeiro (AP Photo/Andre Penner)
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«We are also going strong in the Northeast. The Northeast, you’re going to see, it’s not anymore a region of Brazil that is under the [control of] Lula.»
Eduardo Bolsonaro weighed in on recent U.S. military action in Venezuela and pledged a renewed U.S.-Brazilian geopolitical relationship and full support for American action against Communist regimes.
«Maduro is not the president anymore, and, in Nicaragua, Daniel Ortega arrested seven opponents … that were running for president,» Eduardo said. «How can you consider this a democracy? So, for sure, it’s not a democracy.
«There is no difference between these guys and Chapo or Pablo Escobar. The difference is only that Nicolás Maduro and Daniel Ortega took over the country, they took over the institutions.
«So, everybody, not only Venezuela, but also Brazil, is really happy that the great military of the United States arrested Maduro. … It’s bringing hope to the people. And, for sure, we do support them, not only in public … but also in international forums.»
This interview was lightly edited for style and clarity.
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