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Multiple allies decline US calls for Strait of Hormuz support amid rising Middle East tensions

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A growing number of U.S. allies are declining to take part in military efforts to secure the Strait of Hormuz, despite mounting pressure from Washington.

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From Europe to the Indo-Pacific, governments are signaling reluctance to be drawn into direct military action, instead emphasizing diplomacy, legal constraints or limited defensive contributions.

Countries declining military involvement in reopening the Strait of Hormuz

France

France has ruled out any military role in securing the Strait of Hormuz, stressing a diplomatic approach. In an interview with FRANCE 24 last week, Armed Forces Minister Catherine Vautrin said Paris is «not participating in this war.» 

«At this point, there is no question of sending any vessels to the Strait of Hormuz,» she explained. Vautrin also questioned whether Washington and Jerusalem share the same end goals in the conflict with Iran.

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President Donald Trump, however, suggested Monday he expects support from French President Emmanuel Macron.

UK DEPLOYING WARSHIP, HELICOPTERS TO CYPRUS AFTER DRONE STRIKE

President Donald Trump (right) takes part in the Gaza summit chaired by Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi alongside France’s President Emmanuel Macron in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, on Oct. 14, 2025. (Michael Kappeler/Picture Alliance via Getty Images)

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«I think he’s going to help. I mean, I’ll let you know. I spoke to him yesterday. I don’t do a hard sell on them because my attitude is we don’t need anybody. We’re the strongest nation in the world. We have the strongest military by far in the world. We don’t need them,» Trump said at the White House. «But, it’s interesting. I’m almost doing it in some cases, not because we need them, but because I want to find out how they react.»

IRAN HOLDS WORLD ENERGY HOSTAGE WITH ‘NIGHTMARE’ STRAIT OF HORMUZ SEA MINES, FORMER CENTCOM OFFICIAL WARNS

Germany

Germany has rejected military involvement, with Chancellor Friedrich Merz stating the conflict falls outside NATO’s scope. «We will not participate in ensuring freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz by military means. The war in the Middle East is not a matter for NATO,» he said in a post on X. «Therefore, Germany will also not become involved militarily.»

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Friedrich Merz between American and German flags.

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz arrives at the White House on June 5, 2025, in Washington, D.C. (Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)

Australia

Australia has declined to send ships to the strait despite U.S. calls for support. In an interview on ABC Radio National on Monday, Catherine King, minister for infrastructure, transport, regional development and local government, said, «We won’t be sending a ship to the Strait of Hormuz. We know how incredibly important that is, but that’s not something that we’ve been asked or that we’re contributing to.»

She noted Australia’s current contribution is limited to support in the United Arab Emirates, including providing aircraft to assist with defense given the number of Australians in the country.

IRAN DEPLOYS EXPLOSIVE ‘SUICIDE SKIFFS’ DISGUISED AS FISHING BOATS IN STRAIT OF HORMUZ

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Catherine King and Sam Mostyn greet each other during an official government ceremony at Government House in Canberra.

Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government Catherine King (L) shakes hands with Governor-General Sam Mostyn (R) during a swearing-in ceremony at Government House in Canberra, Australia, on May 13, 2025. (Hilary Wardhaugh/Getty Images)

Ireland

Ireland has ruled out participation in any EU naval mission to reopen the strategic waterway. Irish Prime Minister (Taoiseach) Micheál Martin told reporters ahead of his meeting with Trump, «We don’t have that offensive military capacity in any shape or form, so obviously it’s not something that’s on our agenda,» according to the Irish Examiner. «The world is in a very challenging situation and no one likes war. We certainly don’t as a country, and we want a specific resolution.»

WHY GULF STATES AREN’T JOINING THE WAR AGAINST IRAN — DESPITE ATTACKS ON THEIR SOIL

Spain

Spain has rejected any involvement in a Hormuz mission and called for an end to the war. 

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Defense Minister Margarita Robles said, «We are on a defense and security mission in Cyprus and at this moment Spain is not considering any mission in Hormuz. What we are considering is the demand that the war end,» according to Spanish newspaper La Razón.

She described the conflict as an «illegal war that is causing many deaths.» 

Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares similarly argued to end the «spiral of violence» and «this escalation that does not have clear objectives.» 

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A split image featuring Spanish Defense Minister Margarita Robles and Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares.

Spanish Defense Minister Margarita Robles (L) and Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares (R) have rejected any military involvement in reopening the Strait of Hormuz. (Dursun Aydemir/Anadolu via Getty Images; Matias Chiofalo/Europa Press via Getty Images)

Countries signaling caution or limited involvement

United Kingdom

The U.K. has stopped short of committing to direct military action while emphasizing coordination with international partners. In a press conference on Monday, Prime Minister Keir Starmer said, «We will not be drawn into the wider war.» 

He called on allies and other European countries to «bring together a viable collective plan that can restore freedom of navigation in the region as quickly as possible.»

Keir Starmer speaks during a press conference.

Keir Stamer, U.K. prime minister, speaks during a news conference providing an update on the situation in the Middle East, at Downing Street in London, U.K., on Thursday, March 5, 2026. (Tolga Akmen/EPA/Bloomberg via Getty Images)

Japan

Japan is holding off on any deployment of naval escorts to the Middle East, citing legal constraints. Speaking in parliament during an Upper House Budget Committee meeting, Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi said, «No decision has been made whatsoever regarding the dispatch of escort vessels,» according to The Japan Times. «We are currently examining what Japan can do independently and what is possible within the legal framework.»

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TRUMP PRESSES NATO PARTNERS ON SUPPORT AS HEGSETH BLASTS HESITATION

Japan’s Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi speaks while responding to questions during a parliamentary budget session in Tokyo.

Japan’s Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi answers questions at a budget committee session of the House of Councillors in Parliament in Tokyo on March 16, 2026. (Kazuhiro Nogi/AFP via Getty Images)

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«Legally speaking, this is very difficult,» Takaichi added. «We are carefully examining what can be done within the scope of current laws and what is the best course of action at this time. At the same time, we are continuing to engage with Iran to help de-escalate the situation while also exchanging information with various countries.»

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¿Un golpe a la negociación? El impacto de la muerte de Ali Larijani en el diálogo con Estados Unidos

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En un salón de su oficina de primer ministro, Benjamín Netanyahu aparece hablando por teléfono y dando una orden: la ejecución de Ali Larijani, el estratega, filósofo iraní y nominado heredero por el asesinado ayatolá jefe, Ali Khamenei, antes del inicio de la guerra de Israel y Estados Unidos contra Irán.

Israel anunció que “eliminó” a Larijani, presidente del Consejo Supremo de Seguridad Nacional de Irán, y al comandante de la milicia Basij, Gholamreza Soleimani, el martes a la noche, sin que Irán haya confirmado ni desmentido la noticia hasta el momento. El ministro de Defensa israelí, Israel Katz, afirmó la muerte de Larijani el martes. Fue en una operación nocturna.

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Soleimani no tiene vínculos con el general asesinado por orden de Donald Trump en Irak. Pero era un alto oficial de la Guardia de la Revolución, afectado por las sanciones.

Un Shah con turbante

“Ali Larijani era como un sha de Irán con turbante”, según la definición de un intelectual iraní. El hombre fuerte del régimen combinaba un perfil intelectual excepcional, experiencia en estrategia y una dilatada trayectoria en los más altos niveles del Estado iraní.

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Filósofo de formación, experto en Kant, negociador consumado con los occidentales, gran conversador y hombre del sistema, representaba un “conservadurismo pragmático”. Eso le permitía dialogar, discutir y navegar entre las diferentes facciones del régimen islámico sin sufrir purgas.

¿Era el negociador con Estados Unidos?

Estados Unidos e Irán estaban negociando una salida a la guerra la semana pasada. Lo anunció Donald Trump y The New York Times. ¿Era Ali Larijani el que estaba dirigiendo las conversaciones? No lo mató una operación norteamericana sino una planeada “eliminación” israelí, que hasta ahora ha liquidado a todos los eventuales interlocutores iraníes, porque quiere seguir la guerra.

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Nadie sabe si hubiera sido “el Delcy Rodríguez iraní”, pero era seguro quien iba a tener la última palabra sobre un eventual fin de la guerra. Haaretz, un periódico de izquierda israelí, resalta cualidades que rara vez se destacan en los perfiles de funcionarios de la República Islámica de Irán en la prensa israelí.

Lo describe como “un intelectual, filósofo de formación, familiarizado con el pensamiento occidental y con capacidad de pensamiento estratégico”. Subraya su “competencia política y su habilidad para desenvolverse en la compleja dinámica de poder de Irán”.

Ali Larijani llevó adelante las negociaciones nucleares con Europa. Foto: AP

Todos los que conocieron a Larijani, que viajaba habitualmente a Beirut, comía en el muy italiano restaurante Il Dente y se vestía con ropas casi occidentales, lo respetaban. Se podía disentir con él ampliamente. Negoció el acuerdo nuclear con los europeos y Rusia. Larijani emergió a lo largo de su carrera como un actor experimentado y pragmático, capaz de negociar con Occidente.

Una poderosa familia de clérigos

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Ali Larijani proviene de una influyente y poderosa familia religiosa. Nacido en 1957 en Nayaf, en Irak, en el seno de una familia de origen iraní, creció en un entorno impregnado de la cultura clerical shiíta. Su padre, el ayatolá Mirza Hashem Amoli, es uno de los teólogos más respetados del mundo religioso iraní.

Tras la Revolución Islámica de 1979, varios miembros de la familia Larijani ocuparon puestos estratégicos dentro del aparato estatal. Su hermano, Sadegh Larijani, dirigió el poder judicial durante varios años. Mohammad Javad Larijani desempeñó un papel fundamental en la diplomacia y las relaciones internacionales del régimen. Sin embargo, dentro de este contexto político y religioso, Ali Larijani desarrolló un perfil atípico. Estudió filosofía y dedicó su trabajo académico al pensamiento de Immanuel Kant.

Esta formación intelectual contribuyó a forjar la imagen de un líder con una cultura filosófica poco común en los círculos de poder iraníes. Larijani abandonó rápidamente la academia para incorporarse a las estructuras políticas de la República Islámica.

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Larijani habla co manifestantes durante una marcha en Teherán. Foto: Reuters

En la década de 1990, asumió la dirección de la radio y la televisión nacionales iraníes, un puesto estratégico que le permitió consolidarse dentro del aparato estatal. Posteriormente, asumió importantes responsabilidades en el ámbito de la seguridad nacional.

Como secretario del Consejo Supremo de Seguridad Nacional, se convirtió en una de las figuras clave responsables de los asuntos estratégicos, en particular del programa nuclear iraní. A mediados de la década de 2000, participó en negociaciones con potencias occidentales sobre el tema nuclear, adquiriendo una valiosa experiencia en la dinámica del poder diplomático.

Los negociadores lo respetaban. Pero esta posición le valió críticas de algunos círculos conservadores más radicales, que en ocasiones le reprocharon su relativa apertura a la diplomacia internacional.

En 2008, fue elegido presidente del Parlamento iraní, el Majlis, cargo que ocupó durante doce años. Durante este periodo, se consolidó como una de las figuras más influyentes en el equilibrio de poder interno del régimen.

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La crisis de los estudiantes

Uno de los momentos clave de su carrera política tuvo lugar durante la crisis que siguió a las elecciones presidenciales de junio de 2009. Dichas elecciones, ganadas por Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, fueron impugnadas por un amplio sector de la población iraní, que denunció fraude electoral. En la Universidad de Teherán estallaron manifestaciones estudiantiles para protestar contra los resultados anunciados; hubo 12 muertos.

En aquel entonces, Ali Larijani, presidente del Parlamento, cuestionó el manejo de la crisis por parte del gobierno. Larijani condenó rápidamente la violencia perpetrada por las fuerzas de seguridad contra los estudiantes. Visitó personalmente varios lugares donde se habían reportado ataques y cuestionó públicamente las agresiones perpetradas contra estudiantes en sus residencias universitarias durante la noche.

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Afirmó que la ley debía respetarse y enfatizó la responsabilidad política del ministro del Interior en la gestión de estos eventos. Esta postura reforzó su imagen como un hombre de instituciones, preocupado por preservar cierto grado de legalidad política dentro del régimen.

A pesar de estas posiciones a veces matizadas, Larijani siguió siendo un fiel partidario del líder supremo Ali Khamenei. Esta relación de confianza le permitió ocupar varios cargos delicados y mantener una influencia duradera dentro del sistema político hasta ser nombrado su heredero.

El testamento

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Larijani solía adoptar un estilo político discreto y mantenía contacto con líderes occidentales. Con frecuencia operaba entre bastidores, favoreciendo las negociaciones y los compromisos.

Esta capacidad para dialogar con diferentes facciones dentro del régimen contribuyó a convertirlo en una figura clave en momentos de tensión política. En un sistema caracterizado por complejas relaciones institucionales y fuertes divisiones, este perfil de mediador estratégico le otorgaba una posición única. Por eso fue nombrado heredero por Khamenei si lo mataban en la guerra.

Su testamento es un mensaje manuscrito para los marineros que murieron hundidos por un misil de un submarino norteamericano frente a Sri Lanka, en el IRIS Dena. “El martirio de la Armada del Ejército de la República Islámica en Dena forma parte de los sacrificios de la orgullosa nación que ha surgido en este tiempo de lucha contra los opresores internacionales”, escribió Larijani, en lo que podría haber sido su última misiva.

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¿Quién era Soleimani?

Gholamreza Soleimani era un oficial militar iraní, alto mando del Cuerpo de la Guardia Revolucionaria Islámica de Irán y comandante de las brutales fuerzas paramilitares Basij. Murió en otra operación nocturna. A pesar de compartir el mismo apellido, no tenía parentesco con Qasem Soleimani, comandante de la Fuerza Quds, quien fue asesinado por Estados Unidos en enero de 2020.

Gholam Reza Soleimani. Foto: AP

Gholamreza Soleimani nació en 1963 en la ciudad de Farsan, provincia de Chaharmahal y Bakhtiari.

Inició su carrera militar en la primavera de 1984 como voluntario en la Basij durante la guerra Irán-Irak. Se unió al Cuerpo de la Guardia Revolucionaria Islámica en 1982 y ascendió al rango de comandante de compañía y posteriormente de comandante de batallón durante la guerra.

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Soleimani se desempeñó como comandante de la Organización Basij desde 2019, una de las más represivas del régimen. Estaba sujeto a sanciones internacionales del Reino Unido, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Mónaco y la Unión Europea.

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EU pushes for end of Iran war in a manner where ‘everybody saves face’

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The European Union’s foreign policy chief said Tuesday that the bloc is consulting with Gulf countries to potentially «bring forward proposals for Iran, Israel and the U.S.» to get out of their war in a situation where «everybody saves face.»

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Kaja Kallas, the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, made the remark to Reuters, adding that «it would be in the interest of everybody if this war stops.»

«We have been consulting with regional countries like ‌the Gulf ⁠countries, Jordan, Egypt, [about] whether we could also bring forward proposals for Iran, Israel and the U.S. to get out of this situation so that everybody saves face,» Kallas was quoted as saying. 

«The problem with wars is that it’s easier to start than to stop them, and it always gets out of hand,» she also reportedly said, noting that the EU is willing to assist «diplomatically to bring the parties together to really stop this war.»

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TRUMP SEEKS WARSHIPS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES TO HELP SECURE STRAIT OF HORMUZ

EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, left, and President Donald Trump. (Omar Havana/Reuters; Nathan Howard/Reuters)

Kallas also pushed back after President Donald Trump said over the weekend that, «Many Countries, especially those who are affected by Iran’s attempted closure of the Hormuz Strait, will be sending War Ships, in conjunction with the United States of America, to keep the Strait open and safe.» 

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«Nobody is ready to put their people in harm’s way ‌in ⁠the Strait of Hormuz,» Kallas told Reuters on Tuesday. «We have to find diplomatic ways to keep this open ⁠so that we don’t have a food crisis, fertilizers crisis, energy ⁠crisis as well.»

TOP COUNTERTERRORISM OFFICIAL RESIGNS IN PROTEST OF US WAR AGAINST IRAN

Mojataba Khamenei

Mojtaba Khamenei, son of Iran’s late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and the new leader of Iran.  (Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

Trump said on Truth Social on Saturday that, «We have already destroyed 100% of Iran’s Military capability, but it’s easy for them to send a drone or two, drop a mine, or deliver a close range missile somewhere along, or in, this Waterway, no matter how badly defeated they are.» 

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"Unclassified" aerial footage shows a missile launcher being struck by an explosive.

U.S. Central Command footage showing strikes on Iranian mobile missile launchers. (@CENTCOM via X)

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«Hopefully China, France, Japan, South Korea, the UK, and others, that are affected by this artificial constraint, will send Ships to the area so that the Hormuz Strait will no longer be a threat by a Nation that has been totally decapitated,» Trump wrote. «In the meantime, the United States will be bombing the hell out of the shoreline, and continually shooting Iranian Boats and Ships out of the water. One way or the other, we will soon get the Hormuz Strait OPEN, SAFE, and FREE!» 

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NYC $30 minimum wage proposal pushed by Mamdani would ‘obliterate’ certain industries: expert warns

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The city council in New York City is weighing a proposal to boost the minimum wage to up to $30 — a move that newly elected Mayor Zohran Mamdani signaled that he would sign on the campaign trail — causing consternation among the business community.

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The proposal from New York City Council Member Sandy Nurse, a Democrat representing Brooklyn, would require employers to pay workers $25 an hour if those employers provide qualifying benefits and $30 an hour if not. The current $17 minimum wage would undergo a phased increase to reach $30 per hour by 2030 for businesses with 500+ employees and $29 by 2032 for smaller businesses. 

Santiago Vidal Calvo, a policy analyst at the Manhattan Institute, told Fox News Digital that the new law will have «unintended consequences» and «constrain the economy for everybody that actually needs the current minimum wage to live.»

«You don’t make a place more affordable by making people earn more. That’s not directly correlated in the best way,» Calvo explained. «If you have people earning more, then prices are likely going to also increase, so my question for many of those people is, okay, you’re earning more, but also prices have increased in the same amount, are you actually making things more affordable?»

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SMALL NEW YORK LANDLORDS ‘AT THEIR BREAKING POINT’ UNDER MAMDANI’S HOUSING POLICIES: REPORT

New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani speaks at a press conference at Deno’s Wonder Wheel on Coney Island in the New York City Borough of Brooklyn, New York City, on Feb. 15, 2026.  (Kyle Mazza/Anadolu/Getty Images)

Calvo continued, «That’s one of the fallacies that a lot of people that don’t know about economics fall into. So many of these champagne socialists go and believe that increasing the minimum wage is going to solve everybody’s problems, because people are going to earn more and prices are going to stay the same. That’s Econ 101. That’s not going to happen. That’s why many socialist countries have failed around the world.»

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The legislation echoes a prominent campaign pledge from Mamdani, who promoted a «$30 by ‘30» minimum wage message.

«In the world’s richest city, making the minimum wage shouldn’t mean living in poverty,» Mamdani posted on X last year. «As Mayor, I’ll work with City Council to raise the wage floor to $30/hour by 2030. When working people have more money in their pocket, the whole economy thrives.»

Fox News Digital reached out to Mamdani’s office for comment on whether he intends to sign the legislation if it were to arrive at his desk, but did not receive a response. 

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THE SOCIALIST EXPERIMENT COMES TO NYC: MAMDANI’S VISION FOR A MORE AFFORDABLE CITY

While many proponents of raising the minimum wage argue that the cost of living in New York City makes it nearly impossible to comfortably live, business owners are warning that the increase will force a reduction in jobs for businesses that can’t absorb the wage increase, Wall Street Journal reported. 

In other states across the country, minimum wage laws have had adverse effects on lower-income workers, including in Los Angeles where Fox News Digital reported earlier this year the hotel industry is already cutting workers in response to a $30 minimum wage law that recently took effect.

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Calvo told Fox News Digital that workers in certain industries, like fast food and healthcare will be «completely obliterated» by a $30 minimum wage and that «young and low income workers» will be «hurt the most.»

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New York City skyline at sunset

The sun sets on the skyline of midtown Manhattan and the Empire State Building in New York City. (Gary Hershorn/Getty Images)

«We’re going to see a huge portion of the workforce just immediately disappear from the city and I think that people are underestimating how much certain sectors are going to suffer compared to others,» Calvo said. 

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Calvo explained the importance of the Kaitz index, an economic indicator used to gauge where the minimum wage should be compared to the economy and that most economists agree the number should be between 0.4 and 0.55. 

«This proposal will likely put that Kaitz index at 1.1, which is, by many standards, if not highly interventionist, a huge economic blunder,» Calvo said.

Fox News Digital reached out to Councilwoman Nurse’s office for comment but did not receive a response.

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