INTERNACIONAL
Barajas: cuidado con que el “no lugar” sea cada vez más grande

Resultaba tentador, en más de un momento, discutir que un aeropuerto fuera un “no lugar”, como decía el antropólogo francés Marc Augé. El estudioso afirmaba que, en nuestra época, hay lugares que en realidad no lo son porque allí no se producen relaciones, no tienen ni hacen historia. Que son todos iguales. Que podrían estar en cualquier parte. Los aeropuertos, bueno, eran un gran ejemplo. Los hoteles all inclusive podrían ser otro.
Los no lugares
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Eso, sin embargo, parecía muy dicho desde un país rico o desde una clase social que pasa por los aeropuertos livianamente, como alguien que tiene pasaje de regreso seguro. Sostuve hace un tiempo que para quienes sabemos lo que es irse y no volver, lo que es recibir a los amores cada tanto y en esos halls -en vez de los domingos con los ravioles- los aeropuertos no son “no lugares” sin historia sino, al contrario, sitios cargados de emociones y de lágrimas. Y de vida, claro.
En eso, en discutirle, pensé ahora cuando supe lo que está pasando en el aeropuerto de Barajas, en Madrid. Más de cuatrocientas personas viven allí, tiradas unas al lado de otras. Más allá de problemas como el exceso de equipaje, ahí nomás del recreo glamoroso del free shop, más de cuatrocientos seres humanos tiran una manta, una bolsa de dormir y pasan la noche. “Viven allí”, puse recién, pero quizás “vivir” sea un verbo exagerado.

En Buenos Aires conocemos el tema: durante algunos años -por lo menos entre 2019 y 2023, según información periodística- hasta 150 personas durmieron en el aeroparque. Fueron desalojados en 2023 y, nuevamente, en febrero de 2024.
Entre marzo y abril, los pobladores de Barajas habían sido censados. Se supo así que el 78% son varones, casi la mitad entre 45 y 64 años. Que, del total, casi el 22 por ciento tiene más de 65 años. Y, quizás lo más impactante, que el 38 por ciento trabaja. Se levantan, cumplen una tarea, alguien les paga. Y eso no les alcanza ni para una pieza en una España con una crisis habitacional de tal magnitud que en abril hubo marchas y protestas en 40 ciudades. Encontrar donde vivir y poder afrontarlo es algo cada vez más lejano. Ni que hablar para los inmigrantes: el 74 por ciento de los que duermen en el aeropuerto son extranjeros, la mayoría de América latina.
Pensé, entonces, en que tal vez Augé sí tenía razón y ese era un “no lugar”. No porque no hubiera “relaciones”: seguro los vínculos se están armando, y tal vez lleguen a ser tan fuertes como las de los Schiffbrüder, esos que inmigrantes que se hicieron “hermanos de barco” durante largas travesías a comienzos del siglo XX. Pero quizás ese sea un “no lugar” porque el pasillo de un aeropuerto no es una vivienda, es solo la expresión de una exclusión. No hay lugar para esa gente en ese país, o en esa Europa. No hay lugar para el 74 por ciento de extranjeros ni para el 26 por ciento de españoles, no hay lugar para el 38 por ciento que intenta ganarse la vida ni para el 62 que no trabaja, ni para los jóvenes ni para los viejos. No hay lugar y ahí están, en el “no lugar”.
La respuesta de las autoridades aeroportuarias españolas -que, en definitiva, dependen del Ministerio de Transporte, es decir, del Ejecutivo nacional- ha sido la restricción, es decir, tapar el sol con un dedo. Desde hace unos días sólo dejan entrar al aeropuerto a quienes tengan tarjeta de embarque y sus acompañantes y, obviamente, a los empleados de Barajas. Eso tal vez logre que no se instalen más personas en esos salones, pero a algún lugar tendrán que ir, algo tendrán que hacer con sus cuerpos quienes sufren en carne propia una realidad económica mayor que ellos. Si no están allí, en algún lado tendrán que estar.
Porque el problema de la gente en el aeropuerto excede a la gente del aeropuerto como el problema de no poder vivir en el propio país supera a quienes meten el futuro en un bolso y van a probar suerte a otros horizontes. La Historia, la grande, se mete como titiritera en nuestras vidas y vemos cuánto nos podemos mover con el bendito libre albedrío.
Me acordé -porque entre los habitantes de Barajas hay tantos migrantes- de algo que escribe el Premio Nobel Abdulrazak Gurnah —africano, pero con largos años en Inglaterra. Su personaje, en la novela A orillas del mar llega a Europa y se choca con un agente migratorio que trata de convencerlo de que pegue la vuelta.“Era un solicitante de asilo, era la primera vez que pisaba Europa, la primera vez que pisaba un aeropuerto…”, piensa el personaje, un hombre grande. Un hombre pobre ante un empleado que ahí, en el aeropuerto, es el guardián de la puerta de Europa.“Curiosamente, la misma puerta por la que habían salido las hordas que partieron a arrasar el mundo y ante la que ahora nos postramos nosotros, suplicando que nos dejen entrar”.
Tal vez era una suerte, un lujo, pensar los aeropuertos como “no lugares”, idénticos unos a otros, de paso, ligeros. Son mucho más pesados, menos líquidos, menos gaseosos, estos cuerpos que “sobran”, sin lugar social ni material.
Hubo más de cien mil personas en las marchas por la vivienda en España. Ojo con que los “no lugares” ocupen cada vez más espacio.
(Fotos: AP Photo/Manu Fernandez)
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Hay una decisión estratégica de Trump de ir contra las universidades

Una académica argentina que es testigo de la transformación social y educativa de EE.UU.
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INTERNACIONAL
Israel hostage deal in doubt as Hamas adds demands, US envoy calls terms ‘unacceptable’

Hamas has agreed to release 10 living hostages and return the bodies of 18 more, but the terms of the proposed deal have been deemed unacceptable by the U.S. and Israel.
The group, which has been on the State Department’s list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations since 1997, made the announcement in a statement Saturday and said it was being done on the condition that a number of Palestinian prisoners be returned in exchange as part of a means to achieve a permanent ceasefire.
Israeli media reported that Hamas added new demands to the proposal from U.S. Special Envoy Steve Witkoff, including a permanent ceasefire, complete Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and unrestricted humanitarian aid flow into the strip.
Witkoff’s proposal did not include a full withdrawal or a ceasefire, the Jerusalem Post reported, and that Hamas added terms of its own.
In a statement posted to X on Saturday, Witkoff called Hamas’ response to the American proposal «totally unacceptable» and warned it «only takes us backward.» He urged the group to accept the original framework in order to begin proximity talks as early as next week, which could pave the way for a 60-day ceasefire and the return of both living and deceased hostages.
FREED ISRAELI HOSTAGE SAYS HAMAS CAPTORS ‘WANTED KAMALA TO BE ELECTED,’ WERE ‘VERY SCARED’ OF TRUMP’S RETURN
Relatives and supporters of Israeli hostages held captive in the Gaza Strip since the Oct. 7, 2023, terrorist attacks in southern Israel, hold their portraits during a protest at Hostages Square in Tel Aviv on Wednesday to mark 600 days of captivity. (Ahmad Gharabli/AFP via Getty Images)
In a statement before Witkoff’s response, Hamas wrote: «After conducting a round of national consultations, and based on our immense sense of responsibility towards our people and their suffering, the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) today submitted its response to US Special Envoy Steve Witkoff’s latest proposal to the mediating parties.
«This proposal aims to achieve a permanent ceasefire, a comprehensive withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, and ensure the flow of aid to our people and our families in the Gaza Strip.»
Reacting to the announcement, the Israeli Prime Minister’s Office said in a statement that while Israel had agreed to the updated Witkoff framework, «Hamas continues to cling to its refusal.» The office emphasized that Israel remains committed to bringing its hostages home and defeating Hamas, citing Witkoff’s remarks as confirmation that Hamas’ latest stance undermines progress.
Hamas is holding 58 hostages in Gaza. Of these, Israeli intelligence assesses that at least 34 are deceased, leaving approximately 24 believed to be alive. More than 250 people were captured during the Hamas terror attacks on southern Israel on Oct. 7, 2023.

U.S. Special Envoy to the Middle East Steve Witkoff has been negotiating a ceasefire proposal in Gaza. (Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images)
RETURN OF TRUMP GIVES FAMILIES OF GAZA HOSTAGES NEW HOPE
The latest proposal being negotiated involves the release of 10 living hostages and a number of bodies during a 60-day pause in exchange for more than 1,100 Palestinians imprisoned by Israel, including 100 serving long sentences after being convicted of deadly attacks, The Associated Press reported Friday, citing a Hamas official and an Egyptian official speaking on condition of anonymity.
U.S. negotiators had not publicized the terms of the proposal.
Witkoff’s office reiterated on social media that the proposed deal could allow «half of the living hostages and half of those who are deceased» to return to their families if Hamas agrees to enter talks under the current terms.
The statement stressed that the window to finalize the deal is narrowing, and that major negotiations could begin «in good faith» within days if Hamas accepts.
«As stated by the U.S. President’s special envoy to the Middle East, Steve Witkoff: Hamas’ response is unacceptable and sets the situation back,» the Prime Minister’s Office said.

Hamas fighters stand in formation as Palestinians gather on a street to watch the handover of three Israeli hostages to a Red Cross team in Deir el-Balah, central Gaza, Feb. 8. (Majdi Fathi/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
President Donald Trump said Friday that negotiators were nearing a deal.
«They’re very close to an agreement on Gaza, and we’ll let you know about it during the day or maybe tomorrow,» Trump told reporters in Washington. Late in the evening, asked if he was confident Hamas would approve the deal, he told reporters: «They’re in a big mess. I think they want to get out of it.»
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Deep differences between Hamas and Israel have stymied previous attempts to restore a ceasefire that broke down in March.
Israel has insisted that Hamas disarm completely, be dismantled as a military and governing force and return all hostages still held in Gaza before it agrees to end the war. Hamas has rejected the demand to give up its weapons and says Israel must pull its troops out of Gaza and commit to ending the war.
The Associated Press and Reuters contributed to this report.
INTERNACIONAL
White House urges Iran to accept nuclear deal as IAEA reports uranium enrichment spike

The White House on Saturday said it is in Iran’s «best interest to accept» its proposal on a nuclear deal following a report from the International Atomic Energy Agency saying the country is swiftly increasing its stockpile of near weapons-grade enriched uranium.
«President Trump has made it clear that Iran can never obtain a nuclear bomb,» White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said in a statement. «Special Envoy [Steve] Witkoff has sent a detailed and acceptable proposal to the Iranian regime, and it’s in their best interest to accept it. Out of respect for the ongoing deal, the administration will not comment on details of the proposal to the media.»
The IAEA’s report said Iran had increased its stockpile to 900.8 pounds of uranium enriched by up to 60% as of May 17, a nearly 50% increase since the agency’s last report in February, which put the stockpile at 605.8 pounds.
The report said Iran is «the only non-nuclear-weapon state to produce such material,» which is a «serious concern.»
IRAN CONDEMNS AUSTRIA OVER REPORT ON ADVANCED NUCLEAR WEAPONS PROGRAM
The White House on Saturday said it is in Iran’s «best interest to accept» its proposal on a nuclear deal after a report from the International Atomic Energy Agency said the country is increasing its stockpile of near weapons-grade enriched uranium. (Getty Images)
The IAEA added that just 92 pounds of 60% enriched uranium is enough to produce an atomic bomb if it is enriched to 90%.
Iran maintains that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes, but U.S. intelligence agencies say the country has «undertaken activities that better position it to produce a nuclear device, if it chooses to do so.»
Iran’s Foreign Ministry and the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran said in a joint statement that the report was based on «unreliable and differing information sources,» claiming that it was biased and unprofessional.
The statement added, «The Islamic Republic of Iran expresses its disappointment about the report, which was prepared by imposing pressure on the agency for political purposes, and expresses its obvious objection about its content.»

Atomic Energy Organization of Iran spokesman Behrouz Kamalvandi, Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi and International Atomic Energy Agency chief Rafael Grossi in front of the gate of the Fordow nuclear enrichment plant in Fordow near the city of Qom last November. (Atomic Energy Organization of Iran/AFP via Getty Images)
On Thursday, Iran Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi wrote on X that he was unsure a U.S.-Iran nuclear deal could be imminently reached.
«Iran is sincere about a diplomatic solution that will serve the interests of all sides. But getting there requires an agreement that will fully terminate all sanctions and uphold Iran’s nuclear rights — including enrichment,» he wrote.
IRAN FOREIGN MINISTER VOWS NUCLEAR ENRICHMENT WILL CONTINUE ‘WITH OR WITHOUT A DEAL’
Oman Foreign Minister Badr al-Busaidi presented the Trump administration’s first formal proposal in Tehran Saturday, which calls for Iran to cease all uranium enrichment and for a regional consortium that includes Iran, Saudi Arabia and other Arab states and the U.S. for producing nuclear power, The New York Times reported, citing people familiar with the document.

An Iranian newspaper addresses the U.S.-Iran nuclear deal. (Alborz Irani/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office also put out a rare statement on a Saturday about the IAEA’s report, calling it «grave.»
«The agency presents a stark picture that serves as a clear warning sign: Despite countless warnings by the international community, Iran is totally determined to complete its nuclear weapons program,» Netanyahu’s office said.
«The report strongly reinforces what Israel has been saying for years — the purpose of Iran’s nuclear program is not peaceful. This is evident from the alarming scope of Iran’s uranium enrichment activity. Such a level of enrichment exists only in countries actively pursuing nuclear weapons and has no civilian justification whatsoever.
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«The report clearly indicates that Iran remains in non-compliance of its fundamental commitments and obligations under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and continues to withhold cooperation from IAEA inspectors. The international community must act now to stop Iran.»
Iran,Donald Trump,White House,Nuclear Proliferation
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