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INTERNACIONAL

Ethiopian Jews in dire need as Israel-Hamas conflict disrupts established aid, Jewish charity says

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A Jewish humanitarian organization has completed an airlift of medical materials to enclaves of Ethiopian Jews as the ongoing Israeli conflict with Hamas has complicated established aid in the region.

Struggle to Save Ethiopian Jewry (SSEJ), a volunteer-staffed organization in the United States dedicated to the assistance of the Ethiopian Jewish community, airlifted the medical supplies over the course of weeks.

The aerial transport from the U.S. to the city of Gondar began on Mar. 9 and finished on Apr. 5, delivering 10 pallets of supplies to the community for use at the SSEJ medical clinic.

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Ethiopian Jews

A photograph provided by SSEJ shows a portion of the medical supplies that were airlifted to Gondar, Ethiopia for the care of regional Jewish communities. (Struggle to Save Ethiopian Jewry)

SSEJ President Jeremy Feit spoke to Fox News Digital about the unique struggles facing Ethiopian Jewry and how they are hoping to help. 

«Much of the support that the Jews in Ethiopia receive comes from remittance from relatives in Israel,» Feit explained. «When the war started, large sections of the Israeli economy shut down. As a result, the Israeli relatives of the Jews in Ethiopia are not in the financial position to send funds.»

SSEJ partnered with the Afya Foundation, an organization in New York that facilitates the redistribution of surplus medical supplies to care centers around the world in need of materials. The air transportation was provided by international humanitarian organization Airlink. 

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Feit told Fox News Digital that their SSEJ clinics are intended to cater specifically to the Jewish enclaves, but that the majority of materials delivered there will then be redistributed by the Jewish clinic to other, secular care facilities in the region.

«Some of [the medical supplies] will remain at SSEJ’s medical clinics and assist the Jews, but much of it will go towards other local health clinics which are in dire need,» Feit told Fox News Digital. «We’re talking clinics where electricity goes down frequently in this region, and they don’t tend to have backup generators. The conditions are in vast need of improvement.»

Ethiopian Jews

A young Ethiopian Jewish child participates during a davening in this photo provided by SSEJ. (Struggle to Save Ethiopian Jewry)

«Supplies are hard to get. Funding is hard to come by,» he continued. «We cannot ignore the suffering of others around there — non-Jews, Christians, Muslims, others.»

The majority of Ethiopian Jews were airlifted to Israel via a series of covert evacuations undertaken by Israeli forces in cooperation with United States intelligence agencies.

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The most prominent of these evacuations were Operation Moses in 1984 and Operation Solomon in 1991.

The enduring Jewish community in Ethiopia consists of approximately 13,500 people largely concentrated around the cities of Gondar and Addis Ababa, where the Israeli consulate and embassy are respectively located.

«The Jews in Gondar and Addis Ababa almost all originated in small, little villages,» Feit said. «They left the villages to go to Gondar and Addis Ababa because that’s where the Israeli consulates […] are located.»

Ethiopian Jewry is further subdivided into demographics based on current geography and religious practices. «Beta Israel» is the name given to the ethnic group that made up the majority of those airlifted into Israel in the 20th century. 

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«Falash Mura» refers to a cross-section of these same communities that converted — willingly and unwillingly — to Christianity in the 18th and 19th centuries. The nature and cascading ramifications of this mass conversion has complicated their right to Israeli immigration.

«The question is — are these people Jewish? Because any Jew anywhere on earth is eligible for Israeli citizenship and absorption,» explained Bonnie Glick, former deputy administrator for the United States Agency for International Development. «But if they’re not actually Jewish, and they’re economic refugees or asylum seekers, then technically under the Jewish law of return, they would not be eligible.»

Glick worked for the State Department during Operation Solomon in May 1991 and told Fox News Digital about the unprecedented nature of past evacuations.

Operation Solomon

Ethiopian Jews known as «Falashas» sit aboard an Israeli Air Force Boeing 707, during their transfer from Addis Ababa to Tel Aviv in 1991. (PATRICK BAZ/AFP via Getty Images)

«In 1991, a lot of the people who were airlifted out, very much like Operation Moses, had never been on an airplane before. They had never been in a city before, and they were airlifted throughout the 40-hour period.» Glick told Fox News Digital. «So they’re sitting on tarmacs in their traditional garb in the middle of the night. Everyone has a fluorescent sticker on their forehead to show that they’re eligible for transport. It was crazy.»

Beta Israel currently makes up just under 2% of the Israeli population, while those who remain in Africa are typically of the Falash Mura demographic.

Political and religious debate over who among those left in Africa has a legitimate claim to Jewish identity and Israeli emigration continues to decision-making on the issue.

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While continued fighting between Israel and Hamas does not directly affect Ethiopian Jewry stuck in Gondar and Addis Ababa, the war has brought Israeli aid and political attention to a halt.

«While the war rages, it is hard for the government of Israel to focus on other issues,» said Feit. «As a result — while they appointed people to examine how many more Jews should be brought in and when — little progress has been made and, in the meantime, the Jews in Ethiopia suffer living in mud huts without running water, kitchens, bathrooms or electricity.»

However, Ethiopian Jews are not only concerned about themselves, but also their relatives who have gone to Israel ahead of them.

Oketz canine troops

Israel Defense Forces troops cross the Gaza warzone accompanied by dogs from the Oketz unit.  (IDF Spokesman’s Unit)

«Thousands of Jews in Ethiopia have relatives in Israel and the safety of their loved ones amidst massacres by terrorists and constant rocket fire from Hezbollah and Hamas is causing constant distress, Feit told Fox News Digital. 

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He added, «Praying towards Jerusalem as they have for thousands of years, the Jews in Ethiopia now include in their daily prayers special prayers on behalf of the State of Israel and the IDF.»

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INTERNACIONAL

«Estamos mal»: Crece el malestar en Bolivia por la escasez de dólares y de combustible

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Gerardo Salluco se prepara para pasar su segunda noche estacionado en la larga fila de ómnibus, a la espera de que abra una estación de servicio sin combustible que vigilan dos militares. Sus viajes se tornaron eternos desde que escasea el diésel en Bolivia.

El país de mayoría indígena, que la semana pasada se estremeció con un golpe militar fallido denunciado por el gobierno, lidia con su peor crisis desde el llamado milagro económico, cuando en 2006 el gobierno del presidente socialista Evo Morales nacionalizó la industria del gas.


Está por caer el día y Salluco todavía tiene la expectativa de que la fila comience, por fin, a avanzar.


«Ya voy por la segunda noche, así que (es) agotador esperar, porque de repente empiezan a vender, así que tengo que estar atento», señala este chofer de 49 años cubierto con un suéter gris térmico.


Hace doce años que Salluco transporta pasajeros entre Bolivia y Chile. El fin de semana llegó a La Paz para surtirse de diésel, pero «no hay». «Estamos mal, no hay por qué ni cómo negarlo», se lamenta.

En El Alto, una ciudad contigua a La Paz y fortín político de la izquierda en el poder, Claudio Laura también detuvo su camión cisterna en una larga hilera de vehículos que desemboca en otro puesto desabastecido de combustible.


«Llegué a la fila a las cuatro de la tarde y esta noche me quedé a dormir acá», dice este hombre de 33 años. Laura trae combustible de Perú o Chile, pero ahora no tiene cómo moverse.

Un letrero de una casa de cambio en La Paz, Bolivia, este lunes. Foto: EFE

Surtidores vacíos y filas para cargar el tanque

Bolivia, que junto a Chile y Argentina conforma el triángulo del litio, un recurso clave en la transición de energías limpias, enfrenta desde el año pasado una sequía de dólares y de diésel y gasolina.


El gas, el motor que movió la economía desde su nacionalización, perdió fuerza por la falta de inversiones en exploración.


A 2022 las exportaciones cayeron poco más del 50% con respecto a 2013, cuando alcanzaron su tope máximo. El país echó mano de sus reservas en dólares para mantener los subsidios al combustible que importa a precios internacionales.

A mediados de junio, el gobierno de Luis Arce ordenó el envío de militares a las estaciones de servicio para evitar el contrabando interno o hacia Perú y Argentina.


Según la estatal petrolera YPBF, buena parte del problema proviene de los rumores de escasez que circulan en las redes sociales, que generan una «sobredemanda» de combustible.


«El producto está garantizado», declaró el presidente de la empresa boliviana, Armin Dorgathen.

Sin embargo, el gremio de los transportistas de carga había convocado para la semana pasada una protesta con bloqueo de vías contra la escasez de combustible.

El gobierno de Arce logró un acuerdo para desactivar la movilización antes de que estallara la rebelión militar, cuya veracidad cuestionan opositores y hasta Morales, antiguo aliado del mandatario con quien ahora está profundamente enfrentado.

Una protesta de camioneros por la falta de combustible, en la ruta que conecta Santa Cruz con Cochabamba, en Bolivia, días atrás. Foto: AP Una protesta de camioneros por la falta de combustible, en la ruta que conecta Santa Cruz con Cochabamba, en Bolivia, días atrás. Foto: AP


«Nos damos cuenta algo así, más o menos, (que) quieren distraer», señala Gerardo Salluco, metido en el autobús de pasajeros, al referirse al fallido golpe.


Pero lo cierto -agrega- es que «no hay dólares, no hay diésel, tenemos que estar haciendo fila».

Economía en crisis


Ante la caída de los ingresos del gas, Bolivia tuvo que inyectar igualmente divisas al sistema financiero. Si hace una década, el Estado llegó a tener en caja 15.122 millones de dólares, el mes pasado esta cifra cayó hasta los 1.796 millones.


Gran parte del déficit de dólares se debe a la subvención que el Estado da a las empresas que importan diésel y la gasolina.


El Banco Central de Bolivia (BCB) ha fijado el precio del dólar a 6,96 bolivianos.

En el mercado negro la divisa se negocia por encima del 30% de la cotización oficial, mientras los bancos privados solo permiten el retiro de 100 dólares diarios.


Minerva Ruelas, de 27 años, dedicada al mantenimiento de equipos de radiología, hace fila desde temprano en una casa de envíos para pagar a uno de sus proveedores en el extranjero con los dólares que alcanzó a reunir.


«Con suerte, encuentras alguno que otro dólar, pero el cambio es muy elevado. Normalmente cambiamos a 6,97 (… ) pero en el mercado negro lo puedes encontrar hasta en 10 bolivianos», se queja.

«Pero ahorita solamente yo quiero hacer el envío para poder pagar lo que necesito», se resigna.

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