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Which countries impose the highest tariffs on the US?

President Donald Trump announced sweeping tariffs on U.S. trading partners throughout the world Wednesday, saying the U.S. would add a 10% minimum baseline tax on all products coming in.
The Trump administration has identified what it has called the «Dirty 15» as the 15 nations with the largest trade deficit with the U.S., meaning the trade partnerships by which Washington imports more from countries than those nations import from the U.S.
But the White House has also flagged what it describes as other «unfair» trading practices, chiefly implemented through tariffs on U.S. goods.
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President Donald Trump speaks during an event to announce new tariffs in the Rose Garden at the White House Wednesday, April 2, 2025, in Washington, as Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick listens. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)
CHINA
Washington and Beijing have been in a trade war since the first Trump administration when the first-term president imposed 25% tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods starting in April 2018.
Beijing responded the next day by slapping reciprocal tariffs on 106 U.S. products worth $50 billion, mostly targeting U.S. agricultural products worth some $16.5 billion.
The tariff war would continue with repeated back-and-forth escalating tariffs before some tariff relief was agreed upon beginning in January 2020.
By January 2021, the U.S.-China Business Council (USCBC) found that the U.S. had lost nearly a quarter of a million jobs.

Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick holds a chart as President Donald Trump speaks during an event to announce new tariffs in the Rose Garden at the White House Wednesday, April 2, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)
The Biden administration and China largely maintained the status quo established during Trump’s initial trade war.
But Trump threatened to hit Beijing with 60% tariffs on the campaign trail and, by February 2025, just weeks after his inauguration, he slapped China with a blanket 20% tariff on all Chinese imports.
Beijing again responded with up to 15% tariffs on more than $33 billion in U.S. agricultural products, including U.S.-grown chicken, wheat, corn and cotton.
China’s trade deficit with the U.S. is $295.4 billion.
TEXAS WILL BE AMONG STATES HARDEST HIT IN TRADE WAR, EU AMBASSADOR WARNS

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen speaks during a debate on the conclusions of the Dec. 14-15, 2023, European Council and preparations for the extraordinary European Council scheduled for Feb. 1, 2024, at the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France, Jan. 17, 2024. (Frederick Florin/AFP via Getty Images)
EUROPEAN UNION
The European Union, which is no stranger to Trump’s tariff war, is bracing for a much bigger battle this time around after enduring metal trade spats during his first term.
Trump has already announced a 25% tariff on steel and aluminum imports, which directly hits the European Union, the U.S.’s largest trading partner, along with a 25% tariff on imported cars, which will affect nations like Germany.
The EU said it could impose retaliatory tariffs on the U.S. of up to $28 billion.
The U.S. had a trade deficit of $235.6 billion with the European Union in 2024, which Trump has called «an atrocity.»
But it is not only the difference in trade agreements that has irked the president.
Last month, the White House said specific levies charged by various trading partners are making it «virtually impossible» for U.S. products to be exported, including a 50% tax on American dairy products sold by EU nations.

European Union flags flutter outside the EU Commission headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, Sept. 28, 2022. (Reuters/Yves Herman//File Photo)
But expert Andrew Hale, a senior policy analyst in trade policy with the Heritage Foundation, explained that the dairy industry in particular has massive barriers stopping Europe from being able to lower prices to match American products.
«They have a very, very protected agricultural market,» Hale said, highlighting Europe’s strict husbandry practices. «Europeans would not be able to compete.»
Hale explained that norms like overcrowding and poor conditions frequently found in the U.S.’s poultry, dairy and pork industries in mass farming are barred in Europe.
Animal spacing regulations and bans related to hormone injections have required a completely different type of farming that favors quality treatment of the animals versus mass production, which makes European meats and dairy products more expensive than American products and makes it unlikely that the EU drops this tax.

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney speaks with the media on Parliament Hill after a meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Canada-U.S. Relations and National Security in Ottawa Thursday, March 27, 2025. (Adrian Wyld/The Canadian Press via AP)
CANADA STARES DOWN CONSEQUENCES OF TRUMP TARIFF WAR: JOB LOSSES, GROCERY PRICE HIKES, POSSIBLE RECESSION
CANADA
The White House has also taken aim at Canada, which is expected to see more tariffs fired at it Wednesday and said it has a 300% tariff on American butter and cheese.
Hale explained that while this is technically true, it is a tariff rate-quota that was negotiated during the first Trump administration under the revised NAFTA agreement, which became the United States Mexico Canada (USMCA), and one which has never been implemented.
The massive tariff would only be used if U.S. exports exceed negotiated tariff rate quotas. Otherwise, daily sales to Canada face no tariffs under the USMCA.
Canada and the U.S. in recent weeks have entered into a tariff war after Trump announced a blanket 25% tariff on 25% on Canadian goods and 10% on its energy.
Ottawa, in return, imposed 25% reciprocal tariffs on $30 billion in U.S. goods, mostly targeting the agriculture sector.
It has threatened to hit the U.S. with tariffs on $95 billion in U.S. imports if Trump imposes more taxes on the country’s northern neighbor.
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HOW IT ENDS
«Everyone needs to do what Israel has just done, bring down zero tariffs against the U.S. And then we can have absolute free trade,» Hale said. «That’s fair, and we can all have market access.
«When you have stupid tariffs, like tariffing stuff you don’t grow and make, that’s just basically being unfair.»
INTERNACIONAL
Las fábricas de EE. UU. enfrentan un reto: encontrar miles de empleados

La promesa del presidente Donald Trump de reactivar la industria manufacturera estadounidense se está chocando con el obstinado obstáculo de la realidad demográfica.
La reserva de obreros que pueden y quieren realizar tareas en una fábrica estadounidense está disminuyendo. A medida que los baby boomers se jubilan, pocos jóvenes se han ofrecido para ocupar su lugar.
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Según la Oficina de Estadísticas Laborales, actualmente hay alrededor de 400.000 empleos sin cubrir en el sector manufacturero, un déficit que seguramente aumentará si las empresas se ven obligadas a recurrir menos a la fabricación en el extranjero y a construir más fábricas en Estados Unidos, señalan los expertos.
Desde 2017, los fabricantes estadounidenses han hablado constantemente de la dificultad para atraer y retener una fuerza laboral de calidad como uno de sus “principales desafíos”, dijo Victoria Bloom, economista jefe de la Asociación Nacional de Fabricantes, que elabora una encuesta trimestral. Esto apenas recientemente descendió en la lista de desafíos, al ser rebasado por la incertidumbre relacionada con el comercio por los aranceles del gobierno de Trump y por el aumento de los costos de las materias primas, explicó Bloom.
Sin embargo, la escasez de obreros cualificados sigue siendo un problema a largo plazo, según Ron Hetrick, economista de Lightcast, empresa que proporciona datos laborales a universidades e industrias.
“Nos pasamos tres generaciones diciéndole a todo el mundo que el que no iba a la universidad era un perdedor”, dijo. “Ahora estamos pagando el precio. Aún necesitamos que la gente use las manos”.
Los retos de contratación que enfrentan las fábricas estadounidenses son complejos.
Las medidas del presidente Trump contra la migración, que incluyen intentos de revocar las protecciones contra la deportación para los inmigrantes procedentes de países con problemas, podrían eliminar a trabajadores que podrían haber ocupado esos puestos de trabajo.
(Foto: The New York Times)
A muchos estadounidenses no les interesa trabajar en fábricas porque a menudo no pagan lo suficiente como para atraer a trabajadores que ya tienen empleos en el sector servicios, los cuales pueden ofrecer horarios más flexibles o entornos laborales más cómodos.
Para algunas empresas, seguir siendo competitivas a nivel mundial implica el uso de equipos sofisticados que requieren que los empleados tengan una amplia formación y estén familiarizados con ciertos programas informáticos. Y los empresarios no pueden limitarse a contratar a gente recién egresada de la preparatoria sin ofrecerles programas de formación especializados para que se pongan al día. Eso no ocurría en el apogeo de la fabricación estadounidense.
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Atraer a jóvenes motivados a carreras de fabricación también es un reto cuando los orientadores de las escuelas siguen siendo juzgados por la cantidad de estudiantes que van a la universidad.
Por otra parte, los egresados de universidades no suelen tener las aptitudes adecuadas para tener éxito en una fábrica.
El país está inundado de egresados universitarios que no encuentran trabajos acordes con su formación, afirmó Hetrick, y no hay suficientes obreros cualificados para cubrir los puestos que existen actualmente, por no hablar de los puestos que se crearán si se construyen más fábricas en Estados Unidos.
The Business Roundtable, un grupo de presión cuyos miembros son directores ejecutivos de empresas, ha puesto en marcha una iniciativa en la que los ejecutivos colaboran en estrategias para atraer y formar a una nueva generación de trabajadores en oficios cualificados. En un acto llevado a cabo la semana pasada en Washington, los ejecutivos compartieron sus frustraciones sobre lo difícil que era encontrar personal cualificado e intercambiaron consejos en el escenario sobre cómo superar la brecha.
Sus ideas incluían revisar las descripciones de los puestos de trabajo existentes en las empresas para dar prioridad a la experiencia relevante sobre los títulos universitarios y reclutar a estudiantes de preparatoria desde segundo año para brindarles experiencias que despierten su interés en carreras en el sector manufacturero.
“Actualmente, por cada 20 ofertas de empleo que tenemos, hay un candidato cualificado”, dijo David Gitlin, presidente y director ejecutivo de Carrier Global, que fabrica aires acondicionados y hornos y da mantenimiento a equipos de calefacción y refrigeración.
Con el auge de la inteligencia artificial, dijo Gitlin, se ha disparado la demanda de técnicos para dar mantenimiento a centros de datos, que se construyen con sistemas de refrigeración llamados enfriadores. Calculó que cada centro de datos necesitaría cuatro técnicos para dar mantenimiento a un solo enfriador.
“Hoy tenemos 425.000 técnicos”, dijo, refiriéndose a toda la industria de equipos de calefacción y aires acondicionados. “Vamos a necesitar contratar a otros cuatrocientos o quinientos mil en los próximos 10 años”. Pero la cantidad de jóvenes que acuden a escuelas vocacionales y colegios comunitarios, añadió, está disminuyendo, no creciendo.
En el evento de The Business Roundtable, los ejecutivos elogiaron los esfuerzos de Trump por reactivar la base industrial del país. Sin embargo, algunos ejecutivos reconocieron que las políticas migratorias del presidente representan un desafío para cualquier intento de llenar las fábricas que él se ha comprometido a reactivar.
Peter Davoren, presidente y director ejecutivo de Turner Construction Company, afirmó que le gustaría ver “un camino claro hacia la ciudadanía” para los inmigrantes del sector de la construcción y la industria alimentaria.
Los agresivos recortes del gobierno de Trump a los programas de formación para obreros también han perjudicado los esfuerzos por formar a una nueva generación de trabajadores industriales. El gobierno ha tomado medidas para eliminar Job Corps, un programa de 60 años de antigüedad que ofrece una vía hacia una carrera en oficios especializados a jóvenes de entre 16 y 24 años en situación de riesgo. Huntington Ingalls Industries, el mayor constructor naval de Estados Unidos, contrató en diciembre a 68 graduados de Job Corps en un intento de reforzar su fuerza laboral.
“La brecha entre las habilidades disponibles y las necesarias en la fuerza laboral es cada vez mayor”, dijo Chris Kastner, presidente y director ejecutivo de Huntington Ingalls Industries. “La tecnología evoluciona rápidamente, pero los sistemas de educación y formación se quedan atrás con demasiada frecuencia”.
U.S. President Donald Trump speaks during a press conference at the NATO summit in The Hague, Netherlands June 25, 2025. REUTERS/Piroschka Van De Wouw
El gobierno de Trump ha puesto en marcha una iniciativa denominada Make America Skilled Again (Hagamos a Estados Unidos hábil de nuevo), que consolida los programas existentes de formación de mano de obra en una sola iniciativa que daría subvenciones a los estados si cumplen determinados criterios. Al menos el 10 por ciento de la nueva financiación de Make America Skilled Again debe destinarse a programas de aprendizaje.
En abril, Trump firmó una orden ejecutiva que ordenaba al secretario de Trabajo, al secretario de Comercio y al secretario de Educación que presentaran un plan para crear un millón de programas de aprendizaje registrados. Sin embargo, no está claro si ese ambicioso objetivo podrá alcanzarse con los fondos asignados en el proyecto de presupuesto de Trump, que recorta US$1600 millones destinados a la capacitación laboral.
En abril, el secretario del Tesoro, Scott Bessent, provocó la ira de muchos empleados federales cuando sugirió que las fábricas estadounidenses podrían obtener los trabajadores que necesitaban entre las filas de los empleados despedidos del gobierno. “Nos estamos deshaciendo del exceso de trabajadores en el gobierno federal”, dijo a Tucker Carlson, antiguo presentador de Fox News. “Eso nos dará la mano de obra que necesitamos para la nueva fabricación”.
Sin embargo, en el evento de Roundtable nunca se habló de reclutar empleados federales despedidos. En lugar de esto, los participantes hablaron de los esfuerzos para formar a estudiantes de preparatoria y veteranos.
Blake Moret, presidente y director ejecutivo de Rockwell Automation, una empresa especializada en automatización de procesos con sede en Milwaukee, dijo que su compañía había creado una academia de manufactura avanzada que capacitaba a exmilitares durante 12 semanas.
Sara Armbruster, directora ejecutiva de Steelcase, una compañía de Grand Rapids, Michigan, que diseña muebles, dijo que las empresas deben empezar a contratar personal en la preparatoria para que los estudiantes y sus padres aprendan lo gratificante que puede ser una carrera en la industria manufacturera.
Los estudiantes suelen cambiar de opinión sobre las carreras en el sector manufacturero cuando visitan el taller de la empresa y ven que una fábrica moderna es limpia, de alta tecnología y “cool”, añadió.
“Cuando tienen ese momento, realmente lo cambia todo en términos de las posibilidades que se les abren en su carrera”, dijo.
Por Farah Stockman.
EMPLEO, Estados Unidos
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JB Pritzker takes aim at Trump in launching Democratic re-election bid for Illinois governor

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Spotlighting his accomplishments and highlighting his pushback against President Donald Trump’s sweeping and controversial agenda, Democratic Gov. J.B. Pritzker on Thursday launched his campaign for a third term as Illinois governor.
«I’m ready for the fight ahead,» the governor said, announcing his 2026 re-election bid in the blue state. Pritzker is a billionaire and a member of the Pritzker family that owns the Hyatt hotel chain.
Pritzker said that «Illinois is standing at the center of the fight: the fight to make life more affordable, the fight to protect our freedoms, the fight for common sense.»
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Democratic Gov. J.B. Pritzker on Thursday announced a 2026 re-election bid for a third term as Illinois governor. (Governor JB Pritzker via X)
Pritzker has become one of the Democratic Party’s most vocal Trump critics during the opening months of the president’s second tour in the White House.
Pointing to Trump and the Republicans who control Congress, Pritzker argued that «in Washington, all they’re offering is chaos and craziness. Their tariffs are hurting farmers and small businesses, stripping away health care from seniors and working families and proposing even bigger deficits than before, all to give big tax breaks to the wealthy.»
PRITZKER ON HOT SEAT AS ILLINOIS GOVERNOR FACES OFF WITH CONGRESSIONAL REPUBLICANS ON CAPITOL HILL
«Donald Trump has made clear that he’ll stop at nothing to get his way,» the governor charged. «I’m not about to stand by and let him tear down all we’re building in Illinois.»
Pritzker, who started several of his own venture capital and investment startups before running for office, touted that «we don’t just talk about problems. In Illinois, we solve them.» In another jab at Trump, Pritzker said, «We know government ought to stand up for working families and be a force for good, not a weapon of revenge.»
In his video, the governor touted that during his two terms in office, «we’ve balanced seven straight budgets and got nine credit upgrades. We raised the minimum wage, capped the cost of insulin, banned assault weapons, protected abortion rights, and eliminated the state grocery tax, lowered prescription drug costs and added tens of thousands of jobs.»
However, the Republican Governors Association (RGA) does not see it that way.
«People are fleeing Illinois by the hundreds of thousands and Illinois families continue to suffer the consequences of JB Pritzker’s abject record of failure at home while he spends his time on a national vanity project trying to further his own political career,» RGA Rapid Response Director Kollin Crompton said in a statement to Fox News.
Crompton also charged that «opportunities for working Illinois families are in the garbage, criminal illegal immigrants are protected over law-abiding citizens, and Pritzker’s tax hikes are destroying family budgets.»
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Illinois, which is the nation’s sixth most populous state, does not have term limits for statewide officials. However, there has not been a three-term governor in the state in more than three decades, since GOP Gov. Jim Thompson won four terms as governor in the 1970s and 1980s.
Pritzker is seen as a potential contender for the Democrats’ 2028 presidential nomination – and the launch of his 2026 gubernatorial re-election campaign is not expected to derail him from potentially running for the White House.

Illinois Gov. J.B. Pritzker is interviewed by Fox News Digital during a New Hampshire delegation breakfast at the Democratic National Convention on Aug. 22, 2024 in Chicago. (Paul Steinhauser)
He was a high-profile campaign surrogate in the 2024 cycle on behalf of former President Joe Biden, as well as former Vice President Kamala Harris after she replaced Biden as the Democratic Party’s nominee last summer.
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Those efforts brought Pritzker to Nevada, a general election battleground state and an early-voting Democratic presidential primary state, and New Hampshire, which for a century has held the first-in-the-nation presidential primary.
Additionally, Pritzker’s return to New Hampshire this spring to headline a major state Democratic Party fundraising dinner sparked more speculation about a possible 2028 presidential run.
INTERNACIONAL
Champion skydiver plummets to death during wingsuit jump

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A champion wingsuit flyer who featured in a BBC documentary called The Boy Who Can Fly has died after he was critically injured in a jump over the weekend.
Liam Byrne, 24, was taking part in a high-risk jump at nearly 8,000 feet above sea level in the Swiss Alps on Saturday when tragedy struck, according to The Telegraph, citing local police.
Byrne, of Scotland, was wearing a wingsuit, a specialized webbed-sleeved jumpsuit with membranes between the arms, body and legs which allows a diver to glide flight in the air.
Wingsuit diver Liam Byrne in action and smiling in a collage. He died on Saturday. (Instagram @liambyrne0)
COLORADO SKYDIVER FALLS TO HIS DEATH IN FREAK ACCIDENT
He was one of three wingsuit pilots who launched a jump from Gitschen, a mountain overlooking Lake Lucerne in Switzerland.
However, Byrne «deviated from his intended course shortly after take-off for reasons still unknown and crashed into a rocky outcrop,» police said. «He suffered fatal injuries.»
Byrne, a British champion in the adrenaline-fueled sport, was an experienced flyer with more than 4,000 jumps to his name, according to the outlet. His Instagram account also lists him as a skydiving instructor, wingsuit coach and BASE (Building, Antenna, Span and Earth) jumper.
In the BBC-produced documentary, filmmakers follow Byrne’s journey to champion flyer.
Byrne told the documentary: «I think I was about 13 when I said to my dad that I wanted to learn to fly like a bird.»

Byrne getting ready to jump, left, a man in a wingsuit on Tianmen mountain in Zhangjiajie, China’s Hunan province, showing his full suit. (Instagram @liambyrne0; WANG ZHAO/AFP via Getty Images.)
FRENCH PILOT OF PLANE THAT DECAPITATED SKYDIVER FOUND GUILTY OF MANSLAUGHTER
He said that an office job scared him far more than the fear of dying from a base or wingsuit jump. He insisted that good preparation was at the heart of all his jumps and kept him safe and acknowledged that the high-risk sport worried his family.
Byrne climbed Mount Kilimanjaro at age 12, became a licensed paraglider at 14, completed his first skydive at 16 and was flying in a wingsuit by 18, according to the BBC.
Byrne’s family released a statement praising him and saying that the sport was «more than just a thrill for Liam – it was freedom. It was where he felt most alive.»
«We would like to remember Liam not just for the way he left this world, but for how he lived in it,» the statement reads in part.

Liam Byrne in the last wingsuit jump he posted to Instagram. (Instagram @liambyrne0)
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«Liam was fearless, not necessarily because he wasn’t afraid but because he refused to let fear hold him back. He chased life in a way that most of us only dream of and he soared.»
The statement continued: «He inspired all of us and made life better with his bold spirit and kind heart. We will miss Liam’s wild energy and contagious laugh. Though he has now flown beyond our reach, he will always be with us.»
There have been a number of wingsuit-related deaths in the U.S., including a January 2024 incident in which Gregory Coates, 36, died in Colorado after both his primary and reserve parachutes failed to deploy.
In September, Jonathan Bizilia, 27, of Alabama died in a jump in Utah.
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