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Boasberg grills DOJ over remarks from Trump and Noem, floats moving migrants to Gitmo in action-packed hearing
U.S. District Judge James Boasberg pressed Justice Department lawyers Wednesday evening over public comments President Donald Trump and other Cabinet officials made about deportation proceedings under the Alien Enemies Act and floated the idea of moving some migrants to Guantánamo Bay.
During the hearing, Boasberg specifically pressed Justice Department lawyers about statements made by Trump and DHS Secretary Kristi Noem about CECOT, the maximum-security prison in El Salvador where the U.S. has deported hundreds of migrants, and the White House’s ability to secure someone’s release.
He asked specifically about Trump’s remarks in an interview with ABC News, in which Trump told ABC News he «could» secure the return of Kilmar Abrego Garcia, a Salvadoran and alleged gang member, back to the U.S. from El Salvador if he chose to.
«Is the president not telling the truth?» Boasberg asked Justice Department lawyer Abhishek Kambli. «Or could he secure his release?»
WHO IS JAMES BOASBERG, THE US JUDGE AT THE CENTER OF TRUMP’S DEPORTATION EFFORTS?
The question goes to the heart of whether El Salvador has custody of the deported migrants, a major question at the heart of the case.
Another key part of the hearing focused on the lawfulness of the Alien Enemies Act proclamation used by Trump to quickly deport migrants from the U.S. to the Salvadoran prison.
Boasberg asserted that the Supreme Court had not, in fact, upheld Trump’s use of the Alien Enemies Act to deport certain migrants, quoting from the high court’s ruling before noting to Justice Department lawyers that the Supreme Court «did not decide one way or another» on the validity of Trump’s proclamation.
Boasberg floated the idea of moving the migrants detained at CECOT to the U.S. Guantánamo Bay detention center, where the government could then ascertain if they are members of Tren de Aragua, the violent Venezuelan gang the Trump administration said prompted its use of the Alien Enemies Act.
He also grilled Kambli over Noem’s comment that CECOT is «one of the tools in our toolkit» the U.S. «can use» against individuals who commit crimes against the American people, and comments from White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt that the U.S. has provided $6 million to El Salvador to house migrants at the CECOT prison.
In response, Kambli said these remarks sometimes «lack nuance» and described the payments to El Salvador as «grants.»
U.S. District Judge James Boasberg and President Donald Trump (Getty Images)
The fast-paced hearing was marked by sharp lines of questioning from Boasberg, both over the claims made by Trump officials and whether the early wave of migrants deported to CECOT received any due process or prior notice before they were deported to El Salvador.
Boasberg asked Lee Gelernt, an ACLU lawyer arguing for the plaintiffs, if they had any representations on whether the first class of migrants deported to CECOT under the Alien Enemies Act had prior notice or received any due process protections.
Gelernt reiterated that the first group of migrants deported received no prior notice, telling the court the individuals had received declarations from the government as they were being loaded onto buses on the way to the airport from which they would be sent to the Salvadoran prison.
TRUMP ADMIN SEEKS EMERGENCY RELIEF OF BOASBERG CONTEMPT THREAT
Gelernt also noted that the notices handed to migrants said «NO REVIEW IS AVAILABLE» in English at the top.
That phrase has since been removed from the declarations but has not been replaced with any details on eligibility for review or habeas relief.
«They got some notice,» Kambli told Boasberg, notring he was not sure of the «precise contours of that.»
«If it wasn’t even 12 hours, you’re not going to say that they got due process,» Boasberg fired back.
Boasberg ended the hearing by telling both parties he planned to issue an order Thursday explaining next steps and giving the government until Friday to file any further declarations. From there, plaintiffs will have until Monday to review discovery, including requests for additional information.
Judge James E. Boasberg at E. Barrett Prettyman Federal Courthouse in Washington, D.C. (Carolyn Van Houten/Washington Post via Getty)
Trump officials have sought to portray Boasberg, a high-profile judge in D.C., as the face of judicial overreach, and today’s hearing could put him back in their crosshairs.
Unlike the previous lawsuit heard by Boasberg in March, which sought to temporarily block Trump’s use of the Alien Enemies Act to swiftly deport certain U.S. migrants, the plaintiffs are asking the court to hear a larger request for more lasting relief.
The preliminary injunction was filed as a class and seeks to protect two classes of migrants — detainees already removed from the U.S. to the infamous Salvadoran prison and those still detained on U.S. soil at risk of imminent removal.
The plaintiffs are seeking broader and more lasting relief for two groups of individuals at risk of what they argue is «grave and irreparable harm» under the Alien Enemies Act.
For U.S. detainees who could be removed under the law, plaintiffs asked for an order blocking their removal under the AEA and requiring the Trump administration to provide them at least 30 days notice before any planned removals, notice they said would be sufficient to allow them to challenge their removals in U.S. court.
Migrants who were already deported to CECOT could face a trickier path to relief.
TRUMP DEMANDS SUPREME COURT STEP IN AFTER FEDERAL JUDGES BLOCK HIS AGENDA: ‘THESE PEOPLE ARE LUNATICS’
President Donald Trump speaks during a FIFA task force meeting in the East Room of the White House May 6, 2025. (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)
The plaintiffs asked Boasberg in their amended request to order the Trump administration to not only facilitate the return of already deported migrants, but to take «all reasonable steps» to do so.
This could include requiring the administration to request any contractors or agents in El Salvador to transfer the individuals from CECOT and into the «physical custody» of the U.S., they said.
It’s unclear whether the Trump administration will take any steps to comply with the order should Boasberg move to grant the injunctive relief plaintiffs are seeking. If their responses are any indication, compliance in the near term seems unlikely.
4 MORE DEMS TRAVEL TO EL SALVADOR TO PUSH FOR ABREGO GARCIA’S RETURN TO US
Alleged gang members in El Salvador after being deported from the U.S. March 31, 2025. (El Salvador Press Presidency Office/Anadolu via Getty)
The hearing comes as the Trump administration has grown increasingly defiant in the face of court orders to return migrants from CECOT back to the U.S., including two migrants erroneously deported to the maximum security prison in March and ordered back to the U.S. by two separate federal judges.
The administration has refused to return them. So far, the Trump administration has not said whether it has returned any migrants deported from the U.S. to CECOT under the law.
And the identities of these individuals can be difficult to track. To date, the Trump administration has not released a list of the names of individuals it has deported to El Salvador under the Alien Enemies Act‚ and the Salvadoran government has also shielded their identities from public disclosure.
The administration’s growing resistance on the issue has sparked fresh concern from Trump critics and some court observers who have cited fears the administration could be testing boundaries on executive branch authorities.
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The plaintiffs also cited fears of harm to the migrants.
They said in their filing that, absent injunctive relief, the Trump administration «will be free to send hundreds more individuals to the notorious Salvadoran prison, where they may be held incommunicado for the rest of their lives.»
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The Trump administration has ordered the deployment of the Gerald R. Ford Carrier Strike Group in the Western Hemisphere as the U.S. continues to target suspected drug smuggling vessels in the Caribbean.
«In support of the President’s directive to dismantle Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) and counter narco-terrorism in defense of the Homeland, the Secretary of War has directed the Gerald R. Ford Carrier Strike Group and embarked carrier air wing to the U.S. Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) area of responsibility (AOR),» chief Pentagon Spokesman Sean Parnell said in a statement Friday.
«The enhanced U.S. force presence in the USSOUTHCOM AOR will bolster U.S. capacity to detect, monitor, and disrupt illicit actors and activities that compromise the safety and prosperity of the United States homeland and our security in the Western Hemisphere,» he added. «These forces will enhance and augment existing capabilities to disrupt narcotics trafficking and degrade and dismantle TCOs.»
The Trump administration has ordered a number of strikes in the Caribbean aimed at dismatling and disrupting drug cartels in the region.
Most recently, War Secretary Pete Hegseth announced on Thursday that a strike on a vessel allegedly operated by members of Tren de Aragua (TdA), a Designated Terrorist Organization (DTO), killed six alleged narco-terrorists.
This story is breaking. Please check back for updates.
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La neurociencia ha demostrado que los hábitos, esos comportamientos automáticos que moldean la rutina diaria y repercuten en la salud mental, surgen de la interacción entre dos sistemas cerebrales: uno responsable de responder a estímulos y otro orientado por metas y creencias.
Esta perspectiva, presentada mediante un estudio publicado en enero de 2025 por investigadores del Trinity College Dublin, está transformando la comprensión sobre la formación y modificación de los hábitos, con efectos directos en la vida cotidiana y en el tratamiento de trastornos compulsivos.
Eike Buabang y su equipo destacan el denominado marco de doble sistema. Este concepto, respaldado por la neurociencia cognitiva, sostiene que los hábitos resultan del equilibrio entre un sistema de control dirigido por objetivos —basado en la evaluación consciente de acciones y resultados— y un sistema estímulo-respuesta, que automatiza conductas frente a señales familiares.
Cuando el sistema estímulo-respuesta domina, las personas tienden a repetir acciones sin analizar su relación con metas actuales, lo que puede derivar en errores, impulsividad o conductas compulsivas. Como señalan Buabang y sus colegas: “Los hábitos pueden entenderse como un balance entre un sistema impulsado por estímulos, basado en asociaciones estímulo-respuesta, y un sistema dirigido por objetivos, basado en expectativas acción-resultado y metas valoradas”.
La formación de hábitos responde a varios mecanismos clave. Destaca la repetición, ya que cada vez que una conducta se repite en un contexto similar, las conexiones neuronales entre estímulo y respuesta se refuerzan, facilitando su automatización. No obstante, el estudio muestra que la evidencia es dispar sobre cuántas repeticiones se requieren: algunos trabajos sitúan el rango entre 18 y 254 días, según el tipo de hábito y características de la persona.
El refuerzo —la obtención de consecuencias positivas tras la acción— fortalece los hábitos, gracias en parte a la dopamina en regiones cerebrales como el putamen posterior. Además, cuando se desactivan los procesos dirigidos por objetivos, por presión de tiempo, estrés o distracción, el sistema estímulo-respuesta asume el control. La estabilidad del contexto favorece la consolidación de los hábitos, ya que la repetición en entornos previsibles disminuye la necesidad de supervisión consciente y permite que las acciones se encadenen de modo automático.
Existen diferencias individuales y neurobiológicas que influyen en la facilidad para formar o interrumpir hábitos. La estructura y actividad de circuitos como el putamen y la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral varían entre personas, lo que explica por qué algunos adquieren hábitos con rapidez mientras que otros precisan más tiempo o repeticiones. Además, la intensidad de las señales contextuales, la frecuencia de repetición y la motivación —tanto intrínseca como extrínseca— modulan este proceso. Según la investigación: “La duración necesaria para formar un hábito varía considerablemente entre individuos”, lo que resalta la importancia de personalizar las estrategias de intervención.
Romper hábitos arraigados requiere debilitar las asociaciones estímulo-respuesta, evitar los estímulos desencadenantes, potenciar la inhibición dirigida por objetivos y, en muchos casos, crear hábitos alternativos que compitan con los anteriores. La extinción de un hábito no elimina las conexiones previas, sino que genera una nueva asociación entre el contexto y la ausencia de respuesta, lo que explica la propensión a recaer frente a los estímulos originales.
Estrategias como la evitación de contextos problemáticos, el entrenamiento en inhibición y la formación de intenciones de implementación (“si ocurre X, haré Y”) presentan eficacia tanto en entornos experimentales como en la vida cotidiana. Estas técnicas operan en terapias conductuales y farmacológicas, y pueden potenciarse mediante intervenciones como la estimulación cerebral no invasiva, que refuerza el control ejecutivo.
Las aplicaciones clínicas de estos avances resultan especialmente relevantes en trastornos compulsivos, como el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC), las adicciones y los trastornos alimentarios. En estos casos, se identifica un déficit en el control dirigido por objetivos, lo que favorece la aparición de hábitos patológicos. Como advierte la investigación: “El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, el trastorno por consumo de sustancias y los trastornos alimentarios están vinculados a déficits en el control dirigido por objetivos, posiblemente explicados por una dimensión transdiagnóstica de compulsividad”.
Las terapias más eficaces combinan la exposición a los estímulos desencadenantes, la prevención de la respuesta habitual y el refuerzo de conductas alternativas, lo que permite abordar tanto mecanismos automáticos como procesos conscientes.
A pesar de estos avances, la investigación actual enfrenta desafíos metodológicos y conceptuales. Persisten dificultades para replicar hallazgos clave en humanos y continúa el debate sobre la suficiencia del modelo de doble sistema. Buabang y sus colegas proponen modelos más complejos, integrando la interacción dinámica entre hábitos de pensamiento, creencias automáticas y conductas. La transferencia de hábitos entre contextos y la resistencia al cambio figuran como áreas de estudio aún en desarrollo.
Hacia el futuro, la investigación subraya la importancia de profundizar en los mecanismos subyacentes a la formación y alteración de hábitos, así como adaptar las intervenciones a las distintas características individuales y contextuales. Solo mediante una comprensión más precisa de estos procesos será posible diseñar estrategias realmente eficaces para promover cambios conductuales duraderos y mejorar el abordaje de trastornos relacionados con la compulsividad.
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New York Attorney General Letitia James was arraigned at a federal court in Norfolk, Virginia, Friday, where she pleaded not guilty to two felony charges of bank fraud and making false statements to a financial institution.
The charges against James stem from her 2020 purchase of a home in Norfolk, Virginia. Prosecutors allege that James misled a bank about the nature of the residence in order to obtain more favorable loan conditions.
The indictment states that James misrepresented the financial institution in claiming it would be her secondary residence, and instead rented it out to a family.
According to the indictment, the lower interest rate would allow James to save nearly $19,000 over the course of the 30-year loan.
LETITIA JAMES TO BE ARRAIGNED IN VIRGINIA ON FEDERAL BANK FRAUD CHARGES TIED TO 2020 HOME PURCHASE
NY AG Letitia James and President Donald Trump (Getty Images)
James entered the not guilty plea herself to U.S. District Judge Jamar K. Walker.
She is being represented in the case by defense attorney Abbe Lowell, and by Andrew Bosse, a former assistant U.S. attorney based in Norfolk who formerly headed up the office’s criminal division.
James’ arraignment is the latest in a string of prosecutions brought against the president’s perceived political foes, despite objections from career prosecutors — some of whom have since been fired or resigned.
James, a Democrat, has long-drawn Trump’s ire after she campaigned for attorney general in 2016 largely on vows to investigate Trump’s actions and businesses.
She also successfully secured a $450 million civil fraud case against him last year, though an appeals court later tossed the financial penalty portion of the case.
«This is nothing more than a continuation of the president’s desperate weaponization of our justice system,» James said in a statement after she was indicted.
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Trump denies B1 bombers flew toward Venezuela amid cartel threats. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
«These charges are baseless, and the president’s own public statements make clear that his only goal is political retribution at any cost,» she added.
Her indictment, like the indictment of former FBI Director James Comey, was presented to a grand jury by former White House aide Lindsey Halligan, whom President Donald Trump installed as the acting U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia last month.
Trump, in September, said he would install Halligan as the top prosecutor for the Eastern District of Virginia, replacing interim attorney Erik Siebert, who resigned under pressure to indict both Comey and James.
«No one is above the law. The charges as alleged in this case represent intentional, criminal acts and tremendous breaches of the public’s trust,» Halligan said in a statement. «The facts and the law in this case are clear, and we will continue following them to ensure that justice is served.»
After the arraignment, it is likely that she will file a motion to dismiss her case for vindictive and selective prosecution, following similar steps taken by Comey’s legal team in Alexandria earlier this week.
She will also file a motion to dismiss her case based on what her lawyers will argue was the unlawful appointment of Halligan in securing her indictment.
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Lowell, her attorney, has described the case against her as «improper political retribution,» and vowed they would «fight these charges in every process allowed in the law.»
The Justice Department did not immediately respond to Fox News’s request for comment on the case, or whether Halligan or Keller would be joined by any other federal prosecutors in the Eastern District of Virginia.
Speaking to reporters outside the court on Friday, James said the Justice Department is being used as a tool of «revenge,» and a «vehicle of retribution.»
«But my faith is strong,» she told the group that had massed outside the courthouse in Norfolk, Virginia, hours earlier. «I have a belief in the justice system.»
«Never cow down or break or bend. So there is no fear today,» she said. «I will not be deterred.»
Judge Walker set a trial date for Jan. 26, 2026, and ordered parties to appear back in court for motions hearings in early December.
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