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El inesperado poder de los sentidos para mejorar la memoria

El “efecto Proust”, llamado así en honor al escritor francés Marcel Proust, ilustra cómo una simple experiencia sensorial puede detonar recuerdos profundos y vívidos. Según investigaciones difundidas por National Geographic, la atención consciente a los estímulos del entorno no solo permite evocar escenas del pasado, sino que también fortalece la memoria a largo plazo.
La ciencia actual respalda la idea de que entrenar los sentidos —vista, oído, olfato, gusto y tacto— puede optimizar la forma en que el cerebro organiza, retiene y recupera la información.
La relación entre percepción sensorial y memoria se basa en la arquitectura cerebral. Al captar una imagen, un sonido o un aroma, se activa una red de señales electroquímicas en la corteza cerebral. Andrew Budson, profesor de neurología en la Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, explicó a National Geographic que estos impulsos llegan al hipocampo, donde se integran estímulos visuales, auditivos, olfativos, emocionales y cognitivos en una experiencia coherente.
La amígdala añade una capa emocional a esa información, y otras estructuras del hipocampo la etiquetan para su almacenamiento a largo plazo. “Una de las formas en que una memoria puede ser marcada como importante es si estuvo asociada a una sensación intensa, como un olor fuerte o una imagen hermosa”, señaló Budson.
Susanne Jaeggi, profesora de psicología en Northeastern University, destacó que las vivencias multisensoriales —las que involucran varios sentidos al mismo tiempo— facilitan el recuerdo posterior. Este tipo de experiencias generan un “engrama de memoria”, una huella cerebral que abarca múltiples zonas neuronales.
“Todos aprendemos mejor cuando tenemos una experiencia multisensorial, porque literalmente almacenamos esa memoria en múltiples áreas del cerebro”, afirmó Budson.

El llamado efecto Proust describe la evocación espontánea de recuerdos autobiográficos a partir de un estímulo sensorial. Como relató el autor francés, el sabor de una magdalena mojada en té lo transportó a su infancia.
National Geographic lo ejemplificó con escenas cotidianas: el sonido de una canción antigua o el aroma de lápices recién afilados pueden activar recuerdos escolares con gran nitidez.
Los expertos consultados coincidieron en que no es necesario depender del azar para activar esta capacidad. Al prestar atención activa a los sentidos en momentos relevantes, se favorece una codificación más sólida de la experiencia.
La visión es el sentido dominante en el procesamiento cerebral. Jonathan Schooler, profesor en la Universidad de California Santa Barbara, indicó que “somos muy orientados visualmente; es fácil evocar una imagen en la mente, pero difícil recordar un olor”. Budson apuntó que la visión involucra los lóbulos occipital, parietal y temporal, y ocupa una amplia porción del cerebro.
Un estudio de 2023, publicado en Current Biology, demostró que la memoria visual se basa en códigos neuronales que evolucionan, permitiendo aplicar experiencias pasadas a situaciones nuevas. Tomar nota visual de elementos cotidianos —como una lista de compras— mejora la retención, incluso si se pierde el soporte físico.
National Geographic aconseja ejercitar la observación: concentrarse en colores, formas y texturas de un entorno o una obra artística puede aumentar la precisión del recuerdo visual.

Aunque la memoria auditiva suele considerarse menos duradera que la visual, existen notables variaciones según el contexto. Una investigación publicada en Psychological Research (2021) halló que los músicos presentan ventajas al retener patrones sonoros complejos, como variaciones tonales o rítmicas.
Jaeggi indicó que el grado de interés personal afecta lo que se recuerda. Así, la música asociada a momentos emocionales tiene más posibilidades de permanecer en la memoria.
Entrenar el oído —por ejemplo, al identificar instrumentos individuales en una pieza musical— ayuda a mejorar la memoria de trabajo, la atención y la percepción auditiva, sobre todo en personas con pérdida leve de audición.

El olfato tiene una relación privilegiada con la memoria y las emociones. Rachel Herz, neurocientífica de la Brown University, señaló a National Geographic que “ningún otro sistema sensorial está tan vinculado al núcleo neural de la emoción, el aprendizaje y la memoria como el olfato”. La corteza olfativa se sitúa junto a la amígdala y el hipocampo, lo que facilita este vínculo.
Un estudio japonés de 2021 mostró que ciertos aromas —como el tatami, la flor de osmanthus o el incienso— desencadenaron recuerdos detallados en los participantes. Otra investigación, publicada en Memory, confirmó que las señales olfativas superan a las visuales al momento de recuperar escenas de la infancia.
Herz recomendó dedicar unos minutos diarios a oler objetos cotidianos y reflexionar sobre los recuerdos que evocan. Además, una revisión de 2023 concluyó que el entrenamiento olfativo contribuye a una mejor cognición y salud cerebral con el paso del tiempo.

La memoria gustativa permite evocar sabores específicos tras cierto tiempo. Las señales recogidas por las papilas gustativas se procesan en la corteza cerebral y se vinculan a respuestas emocionales a través de la amígdala.
Pamela Dalton, del Monell Chemical Senses Center, aclaró que gran parte de la percepción del sabor se debe al olfato. Aunque se dice que entre el 75% y el 95% del gusto proviene de este sentido, la cifra varía entre estudios. Lo que sí es claro es que el olfato es crucial para la degustación.
Una publicación en Nature (2022) reveló que adultos que practicaron ejercicios de evocación gustativa mejoraron su capacidad para identificar sabores básicos. Los expertos proponen probar distintos alimentos, enfocarse en sus matices y verbalizar la experiencia. Budson sugirió, como práctica, distinguir los componentes de un vino durante una cata.

La memoria táctil permite conservar información sobre la textura, forma o temperatura de los objetos. Budson explicó que estas sensaciones se procesan en los lóbulos parietales, muy cercanos a las áreas del movimiento, lo que facilita la integración entre acción y percepción. Esto permite, por ejemplo, manejar objetos sin necesidad de verlos.
Según National Geographic, el entrenamiento táctil —como manipular arroz, arcilla o agua— mejora la atención sostenida y la memoria de trabajo.
Tomar nota de las sensaciones físicas también contribuye a decisiones cotidianas, como elegir ropa más cómoda o materiales agradables al tacto.

Los especialistas consultados coinciden en que la clave para mejorar la memoria radica en la atención consciente a los sentidos. Schooler recomendó ejercicios de meditación que primero se centren en la respiración y luego incorporen la percepción visual, auditiva u olfativa.
Herz lo sintetizó así: “Cuanta más atención prestes a cualquier cosa —y la atención es multisensorial—, más se reforzará la información que estás codificando en tu cerebro”.
National Geographic sugiere que la memoria no es un proceso aislado, sino el resultado de una interacción constante entre sentidos, emociones y atención. Incorporar ejercicios sensoriales en la vida diaria puede ser una vía eficaz para preservar y potenciar la memoria a lo largo del tiempo.
memoria,sentidos,aromas,neurociencia,recuerdos
INTERNACIONAL
Hugo Llorens: «Si la guerra se extiende, Trump y los republicanos pagarán un precio muy duro»

Las diferencias entre Irán, Irak y Afganistán
Creo que cuando uno está tratando de analizar al presidente Trump, uno tiene que esperar lo inesperado
A mí me parece que no va a ser fácil para Trump buscar eliminar el programa nuclear
Esperar lo inesperado
El concepto de una guerra, de un conflicto muy extendido con Irán, no es viable políticamente para él, particularmente en un año donde tenemos elecciones
Tendremos que ver cuál es la capacidad de los bombardeos de Estados Unidos e Israel para degradarles esa capacidad. Esto lo vamos a ver en los próximos días
Hezbollah está muy debilitado
Estados Unidos tiene ciertas limitaciones (…) tienen capacidad de mantener estas operaciones por dos semanas.
No hay ninguna lágrima que deberíamos llorar por Khamenei
El condicionamiento de MAGA
INTERNACIONAL
Iran proxies wage war on Israel, threaten US interests as Iraq slammed for not disarming them

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FIRST ON FOX: The Israeli military spokesman confirmed to Fox News Digital this week that multiple unmanned aerial vehicles, UAVs, have been launched into Israel from Iraqi territory since the start of the conflict with Iran to eradicate the Islamic Republic of Iran’s illicit nuclear weapons facilities, missile systems and terrorism infrastructure.
Lt. Col. Nadav Shoshani, the Israeli military spokesman, said that the army has had a «near complete success» rate in stopping Iranian drones from hitting Israeli targets.
The drones fired from Iraq are presumed to come from the Iranian regime-controlled Popular Mobilization Forces, or PMF. An umbrella organization of Shiite terrorists, that attacked Israel with drones in 2024 during Israel’s war against the Tehran-backed Hamas movement.
A mourner holds a portrait of Iran’s slain supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (top-L) on March 5, 2026, during a funeral procession for members of Iraq’s pro-Iran paramilitary group Hezbollah Brigades (Kataeb Hezbollah) who were killed in a strike in Baghdad the previous day. The Tehran-backed Iraqi group Kataeb Hezbollah said on March 5 that one of its commanders was killed in a strike in southern Iraq the previous day. (Ahmed Al-Rubaye/AFP via Getty Images)
An Iraqi Kurdish official told Fox News Digital, «Iraq has become a vessel for the Iranians. Is it so hard to see? I don’t see a distinction between the PMF and the state. They’re paid by the state, hold sovereign portfolios in this cabinet, go on foreign travel and now they’ve entered the federal legislature.»
The official continued: «In the last two decades, Iran has systemically taken over the state, weaponizing what were supposed to be institutions into tools to protect the Shia regime in Baghdad and punish any threat to it, including the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). Through Baghdad and state institutions, it has economically strangled the Kurdistan Region, torn strips from our autonomy and exposed us to more attacks.»
An attack was reported on the country’s shrinking Christian community. The Chaldean Archbishop Bashar Warda of Erbil, Iraq, from the capital city of Iraqi Kurdistan, wrote on X on Thursday: «A miracle no one was injured when 2 drones struck our community, 150 meters from our Catechist Center that serves 1,000 Catholic children. Our university & schools are also closed so the young can be with their parents. Please pray for us & for all who suffer in this war.»
Kurdistan Regional Government authorities confirmed the attack and said it was carried out by two drones.
ISRAEL POUNDS HEZBOLLAH TARGETS, DARING LEBANON TO RECLAIM SOVEREIGNTY FROM IRAN-BACKED TERROR PROXY
Phillip Smyth, an expert on Shiite militias in Iraq, told Fox News Digital about the strikes on the Chaldean Catholic school that «Kata’ib Hezbollah was first to talk about it and it was likely Kata’ib Hezbollah, but it is possible it was another two pro-Iran militias because they all work together on drone launches.»
A drone attack struck an oil field operated by U.S. firm HKN Energy in Iraq’s Kurdistan region on Thursday, causing a fire and halting production, according to a Reuters report citing security sources and an oilfield engineer.
No group claimed responsibility, but Kurdish officials accused Iran-allied Iraqi militias of carrying out the attack.
If so, the attack would mean Iran‑aligned Iraqi militias, who have vowed to retaliate for the killing of Iran’s supreme leader, have expanded targets from U.S. military bases in Iraqi Kurdistan to U.S. energy interests.

A mourner holds a portrait of Iran’s slain supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (top-L) on March 5, 2026, during a funeral procession for members of Iraq’s pro-Iran paramilitary group Hezbollah Brigades (Kataeb Hezbollah) who were killed in a strike in Baghdad the previous day. The Tehran-backed Iraqi group Kataeb Hezbollah said on March 5 that one of its commanders was killed in a strike in southern Iraq the previous day. (Ahmed Al-Rubaye/AFP via Getty Images)
Production at the field was halted as a precaution after an explosion at its power unit, the engineer told Reuters.
Some energy companies operating in Iraqi Kurdistan shut oil and gas production at their fields as a precaution after the U.S. and Israel launched strikes on neighboring Iran.
Entifadh Qanbar, a former spokesman for the deputy prime minister of Iraq, echoed the comments of the Iraqi Kurdish official in his statement to Fox News Digital: «The Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) are fully funded by the Iraqi government. In fact, they are formally included as a line item in Iraq’s federal budget. Officially, more than $3 billion is allocated annually just for salaries, but when logistics, weapons, food, and other operational costs are included, the PMF’s budget likely exceeds $10 billion. That is the size of the budget of a small country in the Middle East,» he claimed.
IRAQI STATE BANK ACCUSED OF PROCESSING PAYMENTS FOR HOUTHI TERRORISTS WHO DISRUPT RED SEA COMMERCE
Qanbar said there is a way to change Iraq’s behavior: «If the United States wants to stop this situation, there are clear tools available. Sanctions must be imposed on the Iraqi government for funding these militias. Another powerful mechanism involves Iraq’s oil revenues, which are deposited at the U.S. Federal Reserve. The United States could suspend transfers of those funds unless Baghdad halts the financing of the PMF. Make no mistake: every terrorist who launches drones or rockets against Kurdistan, U.S. interests, Gulf states or military bases is effectively being paid by the Iraqi government,» he claimed.

Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al Sudani chairs negotiations between Iraq and the United States to end the International Coalition mission in Baghdad, Iraq, Jan. 27, 2024. President Joe Biden is set to host al Sudani Monday, April 15, for talks that come as tensions across the Middle East have soared over the war in Gaza and Iran’s threats to retaliate for an Israeli military strike against an Iranian facility in Syria. (AP Photo/Hadi Mizban, Pool)
When asked if the Islamic Republic of Iran urged Shiite militias from the PMF to fire drones at Israel, a spokesman for Iran’s U.N. mission said, «The Mission declined to comment.»
On Tuesday, Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani said his government is «not tolerating any attempt aimed at dragging Iraq into war or threatening the country’s stability,» according to Kurdistan24.
Salwan Sinjari, chief of staff to the Iraqi foreign minister, referred Fox News Digital to the Iraqi foreign ministry page for official statements by his minister and the government. He did not respond to follow-up messages and calls on whether Iraq’s government was failing to crack down on the PMF.

Iran-backed shi’ite groups fighters celebrate on a street, after the IRGC attack on Israel, in Basra, Iraq, Oct. 1, 2024. (Essam Al-sudani/Reuters)
Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein claimed the government was seeking to convince Iran-backed militias to disarm in January 2025, according to the Long War Journal.
However, Iraq’s government has issued mixed messages about the PMF over the years. In May 2025 al-Sudani was quoted as saying, «Today, the Popular Mobilization Forces constitute a basic force in defending Iraq.»
Iraq’s ambassador to the U.S. did not immediately respond to email, WhatsApp and telephone queries. A second Iraqi diplomat said he was unable to provide Fox News Digital a comment.
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The Times of Israel reported on Thursday, after military strikes eliminated a senior officer from Kataeb Hezbollah — Iraq’s largest pro-Iran militia — south of Baghdad that PMF militias pledged to strike the Middle East interests of European nations that joined in the «Zionist-American» strikes on the Islamic Republic and its proxies.
Fox News Digital reached out to the U.S. State Department.
war with iran,iraq,terrorism,middle east,national security,global economy
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Democrats pressure Mike Johnson to keep House in Washington over ‘rapidly developing’ Iran operation

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FIRST ON FOX: A group of Democrats is demanding that Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., keep the House of Representatives in Washington, D.C., next week in light of the «rapidly evolving» situation in Iran.
«The attacks have resulted in heightened threat assessments around the globe as well as multiple deaths, including the tragic loss of six U.S. service members. At this sensitive time, we believe it is in the best interest of our constituents if we remain in session as events continue to develop,» they wrote to the chamber’s leader on Friday.
The letter is being led by Rep. Jared Moskowitz, D-Fla., and nine other members of the House Democratic Caucus, and comes nearly a week after the U.S. and Israel first launched strikes targeting Iran’s senior leadership and military assets.
They’re calling on Johnson to not only keep the House in session but encourage meetings of the committees relevant to U.S. national security in light of the heightened threat environment.
Speaker of the House Mike Johnson, R-La., gestures as he meets with reporters ahead of a key procedural vote to end the partial government shutdown, at the Capitol in Washington, Feb. 3, 2026. (J. Scott Applewhite/AP Photo)
«By the President’s own admission, current military operations against Iran could be sustained for weeks. The rapid developments of such an operation, and its potential impact here at home, require a firm commitment to legislative engagement,» the Democrats wrote.
«If the House of Representatives is absent during such a pivotal moment in our foreign policy, we will be failing our constituents. We urge you to cancel next week’s recess so that we may fulfill our oversight duty.»
Democrats and Republicans’ responses to the operation have largely fallen across party lines.
HOUSE VOTES TO LET TRUMP’S OPERATION EPIC FURY CONTINUE IN IRAN
Democrats have accused the administration of plunging the U.S. into another Middle East conflict without a clear ending while running roughshod over Congress’ constitutional authority. Republicans, meanwhile, maintain that the White House is acting within its authority in the best interests of the country.

Rep. Jared Moskowitz, D-Fla., speaks to members of the media, following a vote at the US Capitol in Washington, D.C., June 23, 2025. (Al Drago/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
The House is out all next week as Republican lawmakers head to President Donald Trump’s Doral golf club in Florida for their annual member retreat, where they will continue to monitor developments in Washington while discussing policy for the remainder of this year.
Democrats had their own annual retreat in late February.
TRUMP SAYS ‘LOSERS’ SCHUMER, DEMS WOULD HAVE CRITICIZED ANY DECISION HE MADE ON IRAN
But as Democrats hammer Johnson for leaving D.C., Republicans are accusing them of playing politics with the national security situation themselves.
House GOP leaders held a vote on funding the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) using a bipartisan bill that Democrats had already walked away from weeks ago, arguing it did not do enough to rein in Trump’s immigration crackdown.
Republicans argued that the ongoing situation with Iran is worsening the effects of the ongoing DHS shutdown, which began after Democrats shunned the initial bipartisan deal.
All but four House Democrats voted against the bill on Thursday.
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«They do not want to fund the agencies whose job it is to keep Americans safe at this time of this heightened threat environment that we’re all living in,» Johnson said after the vote. «We’re concerned about sleeper cells in the country. We’re concerned about the safety of every American. And the Democrats are playing politics here.»
A House GOP leadership aide told Fox News Digital in response to Moskowitz’s letter, «Bipartisan majorities in both chambers of Congress just voted to support President Trump and Operation Epic Fury because they know the Iranian regime is a real threat to American security and Middle East stability. By contrast, most House Democrats, including Rep. Moskowitz, voted to keep the Department of Homeland Security closed in order to protect the criminal illegal immigrants they allowed into our country.»
politics,house of representatives politics,mike johnson,war with iran
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