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Here’s what a post-Ayatollah Iran could look like if war with Israel leads to regime’s fall

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As the Iranian regime reels from sustained Israeli strikes on military and nuclear infrastructure, debate is intensifying over what could come next.

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Experts say the end of the Islamic Republic is no longer unthinkable — but warn that what replaces it could either lift the country toward a freer future or plunge it into instability.

Reza Pahlavi, the exiled crown prince of Iran and a prominent opposition figure, posted yesterday, «Sources inside Iran say that the regime’s command and control structures are collapsing at a rapid pace. Meanwhile, the international community is beginning to realize that the Islamic Republic has no future. Our discussions about a post-Islamic Republic Iran have begun.»

«The first thing is revolution is too broad a word,» said Behnam Taleblu, senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies. «The better words are evolution and devolution, meaning if you get something better or something worse. Because this is the Middle East, and fundamentally, things can get worse, not better, when you introduce an exogenous shock.»

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Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei meets with Iran’s acting President Mohammad Mokhber and cabinet members at the Imam Khomeini Husseiniya in Tehran, Iran, on July 7, 2024. (Iranian Leader Press Office / Handout/Anadolu via Getty Images)

Taleblu cautioned that both the Iranian opposition and Western governments have failed to prepare for regime collapse because of a long-standing reluctance to engage with the idea of regime change. «By not being able to articulate the necessary political strategy… we are most unprepared,» he said.

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Beni Sabti, an Iran expert at Israel’s Institute for National Security Studies, sees four scenarios emerging from the current moment — one of which, he warns, is far worse than the others.

«The Iranian people are currently leaderless, low-energy, and disillusioned since the women’s protests,» Sveti told Fox News Digital. «One scenario is collapse from within, similar to the Soviet Union. A brigade commander inside the Revolutionary Guards, supported by a circle of loyalists, could decide to rebel from within the regime.»

Sabti said that after Israel eliminated many Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) generals, Iran’s regular army may now be better positioned to rise. «It might even align with disillusioned elements of the revolutionary guards,» he said. «Because they know the system and its bureaucracy, insiders could quietly organize something from within. There would be casualties, but it could unfold as a relatively quiet historical event.»

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In this photo released by the Iranian Red Crescent Society, rescuers work at the scene of an explosion after an Israeli strike in Tehran, Iran, on Friday, June 13, 2025.

In this photo released by the Iranian Red Crescent Society, rescuers work at the scene of an explosion after an Israeli strike in Tehran, Iran, on Friday, June 13, 2025. (Iranian Red Crescent Society via AP)

Taleblu supports the idea that a regime transition could emerge from within, but notes that Iran has spent decades «coup-proofing.»

«It has promoted more based on zeal than capability. So it’s less likely that you could have a classic military coup d’état emerge,» he said. «That doesn’t mean it can’t happen, but it would take a significant amount of politicking and maneuvering.»

ISRAEL’S ‘RESOUNDING’ MILITARY CAMPAIGN AGAINST IRAN COULD BE HISTORIC TURNING POINT, EXPERTS SAY

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The second scenario Sabti outlined is a popular uprising sparked by the release of political prisoners. «There are many political leaders in Iranian prisons,» he said. «If some are freed, they could rally the public. They were once part of the regime but tried to shift course and now support relations with the U.S. It would still be a very cold peace with Israel—but not hostile.»

Taleblu noted that Iranian society has already undergone a significant shift over the past decade. «Large swaths of the Iranian population—80% is probably a minimum number—hate this regime,» he said. «The protests since 2017, especially ‘Women, Life, Freedom,’ were triggered not just by politics, but by economic, social, even environmental issues.»

Protest in Iran

Iranians protest the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini after she was detained by the morality police, in Tehran, Iran, on Oct. 1, 2022. (The Associated Press)

A third possibility, Sabti said, is the return of exiled leaders. «There’s deep romantic nostalgia toward the monarchy,» he said. «Maybe in a later phase, if infighting breaks out, people might rally around a symbolic figure—‘Come back and be a symbol.’ That could strengthen the revolution.»

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Taleblu acknowledged that figures like Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi could play a role, but not as rulers. «Think of the diaspora as a bridgehead into a new Iran—not the definers of the new Iran,» he said. «The people inside Iran should be the ones shaping the next Iran.»

The fourth — and worst — scenario, according to Sabti, is that the regime survives. «That’s the worst option,» he said bluntly.

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Taleblu agreed, warning that survival would bring an even more repressive future. «If the Islamic Republic survives, it will survive in a more radical fashion—more military, less clergy,» he said. «There’s debate: does it become like Turkey or Pakistan, or does it become even more messianic? The older IRGC are corrupt; the younger ones are messianic.»

One of the most contentious questions looming over all these scenarios is the future role of Iran’s non-Persian communities, including the Ahwazi, Baloch, Azeris, and Kurds. Aref Al-Kaabi, executive president of the State of Ahwaz, told Fox News Digital in a written statement that without trust-building between these communities and the Persian opposition, change will remain elusive.

Ali Khamenei speaking to reporters.

Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei addresses the media during the voting of parliament elections in Tehran, Iran, on May 10, 2024. (Photo by Fatemeh Bahrami/Anadolu via Getty Images)

«In my opinion, regime change in Iran is possible if the following conditions are met: continued Israeli strikes… support for non-Persian components… international will… and bridges of trust between Arabs, Kurds, Baloch, Azeris, and the Persian opposition,» Al-Kaabi said. «If these conditions are met, I believe the regime’s fall will only be a matter of days.»

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He said that in recent days, the IRGC launched widespread arrests in Ahwaz to prevent mobilization. «Most of those arrested are Arabs from Abadan, Bushehr, Sheyban, and Shoaibiya,» he said.

Al-Kaabi also criticized the Persian opposition abroad. «They view us—Arabs, Kurds, Azeris, Baloch—as separatists and refuse to work with us. That stubbornness is one of the main reasons the regime is still in power.»

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Taleblu warned against Western attempts to divide the country. «The way to unite the Iranian population is not to talk about balkanization,» he said. «That would be an own goal of moral and strategic proportions.»


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FBI fires a dozen after Biden-era subpoenas of Patel, Wiles come to light

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At least a dozen FBI employees were fired amid revelations the bureau under the Biden administration allegedly subpoenaed Kash Patel and Susie Wiles’ phone records in 2022 and 2023 as part of a federal probe into then-former President Donald Trump.

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More than 10 FBI employees were fired Wednesday, and at least two  more FBI employees were terminated Friday, Fox News has learned.

The FBI allegedly subpoenaed Patel’s and Wiles’ records in 2022 and 2023 while they were private citizens.

Patel now serves as the director of the FBI, and Wiles serves as the White House chief of staff.

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The names of the fired bureau employees were not shared due to privacy reasons, and the FBI Agents Association (FBIAA) criticized the firings earlier in the week. 

Kash Patel and Susie Wiles (Getty Images)

«The FBIAA condemns today’s unlawful termination of FBI special agents, which — like other firings by Director Patel — violates the due process rights of those who risk their lives to protect our country,» the organization said in a statement.

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«These actions weaken the bureau by stripping away critical expertise and destabilizing the workforce, undermining trust in leadership and jeopardizing the Bureau’s ability to meet its recruitment goals, ultimately putting the nation at greater risk.»

Reuters first disclosed the subpoenas, which were issued during the Biden administration while special counsel Jack Smith was investigating Trump’s alleged efforts to overturn the 2020 election and his handling of classified documents at Mar-a-Lago, Florida. 

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Smith ended up charging Trump in 2023 with multiple felony offenses related to alleged efforts to challenge the results of the 2020 election and Trump’s handling of the documents after he left office.

TOP 5 MOMENTS FROM JACK SMITH’S TESTIMONY ON CAPITOL HILL

A federal judge later dismissed the election interference case after Smith moved to drop it following Trump’s re-election, citing a Justice Department policy against prosecuting a sitting president. 

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Jack Smith places hand over heart

Former special counsel Jack Smith says the Pledge of Allegiance before he prepares to testify during a hearing before the House Judiciary Committee in the Rayburn House Office Building on Capitol Hill Jan. 22, 2026, in Washington, D.C.  (Al Drago/Getty Images)

Smith also dropped the Justice Department’s appeal of a separate ruling that dismissed the classified documents case. Trump has denied any wrongdoing in both matters.

In a statement to Fox News Wednesday, Patel called the move to seize the phone records «outrageous and deeply alarming.» 

«It is outrageous and deeply alarming that the previous FBI leadership secretly subpoenaed my own phone records — along with those of now White House chief of staff Susie Wiles — using flimsy pretexts and burying the entire process in prohibited case files designed to evade all oversight,» he said.

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The FBI said it discovered the information in the bureau’s newly discovered «prohibited case file.»

FBI FIRES AGENTS, DISMANTLES CORRUPTION SQUAD AFTER PROBE UNVEILS MONITORING OF GOP SENATORS, PATEL SAYS

Patel also said he recently ended the FBI’s ability to categorize files as «prohibited.»

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Fox News also learned from two FBI officials that, in 2023, FBI agents allegedly recorded a phone call between Wiles and her attorney.

According to those officials, Wiles’ attorney was aware the call was being recorded and consented, but Wiles was not informed.

Wiles’ 2023 attorney disputes those claims. 

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«If I ever pulled a stunt like that I wouldn’t — and shouldn’t — have a license to practice law,» the unidentified attorney said, according to Axios. «I’m as shocked as Susie.» 

Smith testified in 2025 that records of members’ calls helped investigators verify the timeline of events surrounding the Jan. 6 Capitol riot.

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He said prosecutors «followed all legal requirements in getting those records» and told a House panel the records obtained from lawmakers did not include the content of conversations. 

Fox News’ Emma Bussey and Emma Colton contributed to this report.

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El fin de la paciencia de Islamabad: por qué Pakistán decidió atacar Afganistán y qué rol juegan China y Rusia

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Pakistán, una de las potencias nucleares asiáticas y con uno de los ejércitos más grandes del mundo, ha declarado una “guerra abierta” al Talibán de Afganistán, que pelea con el armamento norteamericano abandonado en la base de Bagram y otros depósitos militares cuando huyó de Kabul. China y Moscú están intentando mediar.

La presencia del grupo terrorista Talibán Pakistaní en la frontera entre Afganistán y Pakistán y sus permanentes ataques, más la presencia de guerrilleros proindependentistas baluches en Afganistán, decidieron a los militares paquistaníes a tomar esta acción militar.

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Con su fuerza aérea, Pakistán ha bombardeado Kabul, la capital afgana; Kandahar, en el sur cercano a Baluchistán, y Paktika. Al menos hay 274 muertos afganos, 400 heridos y 115 tanques afganos destruidos.

Los talibanes tienen un aspecto medieval como combatientes con sus largas shalwar kameez, zapatillas o sandalias, y armas americanas y lanzacohetes RPG.

Afganistán realizó su propio ataque transfronterizo el jueves contra Pakistán, en represalia por los mortíferos ataques aéreos en zonas fronterizas del fin de semana, que, según informes, causaron la muerte de una docena de personas.

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Los Talibán piden el diálogo

El portavoz de los talibanes afganos, Zabihullah Mujahid, declaró a la prensa que no desean la guerra. En cambio, desean resolver el último conflicto con Pakistán mediante el diálogo.

El vocero talibán Zabihullah Mujahid. Foto: EFE

Pakistán cuenta con 660.000 efectivos en activo en sus fuerzas armadas: 560.000 en el ejército, 70.000 en la fuerza aérea y 30.000 en la armada. El ejército de los talibanes afganos es mucho más pequeño. Cuenta con 172.000 efectivos en activo y aspira a aumentar esa cifra a 200.000.

Pakistán tiene 6.000 vehículos blindados de combate y 4.600 piezas de artillería, en comparación con la dependencia de los talibanes afganos de carros de combate, vehículos blindados de transporte de personal y vehículos de la era soviética. Se desconoce la cantidad exacta de equipo de los talibanes.

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En su fuerza aérea, Pakistán cuenta con 465 aviones de combate y más de 260 helicópteros de diversos tipos.

Se sabe que Afganistán posee al menos seis aeronaves, pero, al igual que otros aspectos de su fuerza de defensa, algunas de ellas datan de la era soviética. Tiene 23 helicópteros, pero no se sabe con certeza cuántos están en condiciones de volar.

Pakistán bombardea Afganistán

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En respuesta, Pakistán llevó a cabo ataques aéreos la madrugada del viernes, incluyendo en Kabul, donde se escucharon al menos tres explosiones. Kandahar, en el sur, donde reside el líder supremo talibán, Hibatullah Akhundzada, fue el blanco, al igual que la provincia de Paktia, en el este.

Afganistán afirmó haber respondido con más ataques aéreos el viernes contra Pakistán, y también hubo intercambios de disparos a lo largo de la frontera. Un campamento que albergaba a refugiados afganos cerca del paso fronterizo de Torkham, antes del valle de Khyber Pass, fue alcanzado durante la noche por un proyectil de mortero que hirió a siete mujeres y niños, según informó un funcionario provincial.

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Los ataques parecen violar el alto el fuego negociado en octubre pasado en Qatar, tras enfrentamientos en los que ambos se acusaron mutuamente de patrocinar y albergar a grupos terroristas.

El ministro de Defensa paquistaní, Khawaja Muhammad Asif, declaró el viernes: «Nuestra paciencia se ha desbordado. Ahora es una guerra abierta entre nosotros», escribió en X.

Cara a cara

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Los soldados talibanes afganos se encuentran del lado de Afganistán, separados por una tranquera blanca en el cruce fronterizo de Torkham, con un soldado mirando a través de la mira de un rifle. Los paquistaníes atacan desde el otro lado. Hay heridos y prisioneros.

Fuentes dentro de Afganistán informaron que al menos tres lugares de Kabul fueron alcanzados por ataques aéreos este viernes. Pakistán afirmó que los objetivos eran bases militares. Pero los medios afganos publicaron imágenes que mostraban automóviles dañados frente a lo que parecía ser un bloque de viviendas. La capital afgana funcionaba con normalidad, según fuentes: los pasajeros se dirigían al trabajo y los negocios estaban abiertos.

Afganistán insiste en que derribó un avión de combate paquistaní de origen norteamericano. Pakistán lo considera “noticias falsas”.

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El viernes, ambos bandos afirmaron haber causado un mayor número de muertes que el reconocido por su oponente. Los talibanes afirmaron que las fuerzas afganas habían matado a 55 soldados paquistaníes y capturado a «muchos otros con vida». Al menos 19 puestos y dos bases del ejército pakistaní fueron destruidos, según Afganistán. El gobierno talibán también informó de dos bajas y 11 heridos.

Las autoridades de Islamabad también negaron que las fuerzas afganas hubieran capturado soldados.

Shehbaz Sharif, primer ministro de Pakistán, afirmó que las fuerzas del país «tienen plena capacidad para aplastar cualquier ambición agresiva».

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«Toda la nación respalda a las Fuerzas Armadas de Pakistán», declaró, según publicaciones de la cuenta X del gobierno. «Las fuerzas armadas de Pakistán están decididas a no permitir que la paz y la seguridad del país se vean comprometidas bajo ninguna circunstancia».

El Ministerio de Defensa talibán afirmó que su propia fuerza aérea respondió el viernes atacando un campamento militar cerca del barrio de Faizabad, en Islamabad, así como un cuartel del ejército en Nowshera y una base militar en Jamrud, ambos en la región de Khyber.

Hamid Karzai, expresidente afgano, declaró en X que su pueblo «defenderá su amada patria con total unidad» y «responderá a la agresión con valentía». Añadió que Pakistán “no puede liberarse de la violencia y los bombardeos, problemas que él mismo creó”.

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“Pakistán debe cambiar su propia política y elegir el camino de la buena vecindad, el respeto y las relaciones civilizadas con Afganistán”, añadió.

El rol del TTP paquistaní

Islamabad se ha mostrado alarmada desde entonces por la creciente militancia de Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), conocidos como los talibanes pakistaníes, que se encuentran principalmente al otro lado de la frontera.

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Acusa a Afganistán de convertirse en un refugio para el TTP y para los insurgentes armados que buscan la independencia de la provincia de Baluchistán, en el suroeste de Pakistán, quienes también han incrementado sus ataques en los últimos años.

El viernes, el ministro de Defensa pakistaní, Khawaja Muhammad Asif, acusó a los talibanes de atraer a militantes de todo el mundo y de “exportar terrorismo”, en lugar de centrarse en el bienestar de sus ciudadanos y la estabilidad regional.

“Hemos estado exigiendo directamente a Kabul y a través de nuestros amigos que Afganistán frene al TTP, y que su territorio no se utilice para lanzar ataques contra Pakistán. Nuestros esfuerzos fracasaron. Kabul no está preparado para garantizarlo. Siguen apoyando el terrorismo dirigido contra nosotros. Ahora, finalmente, la situación se ha precipitado y han estallado las hostilidades abiertas”, dijo.

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En un comunicado, también alegó que los talibanes estaban convirtiendo Afganistán “en una colonia de la India”, el principal rival de Pakistán, y privando a los ciudadanos afganos de sus derechos humanos.

La India ha intensificado su compromiso con los talibanes en los últimos meses. Amir Khan Muttaqi, ministro de Asuntos Exteriores talibán, visitó Delhi en octubre, la visita de mayor nivel del Talibán desde su regreso al poder en 2021.

Asif también acusó al gobierno talibán de negar a las mujeres afganas derechos que, según él, están garantizados por el islam, sin dar más detalles.

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Al comentar los últimos ataques, un portavoz del secretario general de la ONU, António Guterres, declaró que «insta a las partes a cumplir con sus obligaciones en virtud del derecho internacional, incluido el derecho internacional humanitario, y a garantizar la protección de los civiles».

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Israel launches preemptive strike against Iran, defense minister says

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Israel launched a preemptive strike against Iran early Saturday, according to an announcement from Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz.

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Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz makes statements with his Greek counterpart Nikos Dendias after their meeting in Athens, Greece, Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2026. (AP Photo/Thanassis Stavrakis)

Katz declared a special and immediate state of emergency across the entire country.

He said the strike was «to remove threats» against the state of Israel.

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This is a developing story; please check back for updates.

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