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Inside Trump’s first-year power plays and the court fights testing them

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President Donald Trump spent the first year of his second White House term signing a torrent of executive orders aimed at delivering on several major policy priorities, including slashing federal agency budgets and staffing, implementing a hard-line immigration crackdown and invoking emergency authority to impose steep tariffs on nearly every U.S. trading partner.

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The pace of Trump’s executive actions has far outstripped that of his predecessors, allowing the administration to move quickly on campaign promises. But the blitz has also triggered a wave of lawsuits seeking to block or pause many of the orders, setting up a high-stakes confrontation over the limits of presidential power under Article II and when courts can — or should — intervene.

Lawsuits have challenged Trump’s most sweeping and consequential executive orders, ranging from a ban on birthright citizenship and transgender service members in the military to the legality of sweeping, DOGE-led government cuts and the president’s ability to «federalize» and deploy thousands of National Guard troops.

FEDERAL JUDGE BLOCKS TRUMP’S BIRTHRIGHT CITIZENSHIP BAN FOR ALL INFANTS, TESTING LOWER COURT POWERS

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Many of those questions remain unresolved. Only a few legal fights tied to Trump’s second-term agenda have reached final resolution, a point legal experts say is critical as the administration presses forward with its broader agenda.

Trump allies have argued the president is merely exercising his powers as commander in chief. 

Critics counter that the flurry of early executive actions warrants an additional level of legal scrutiny, and judges have raced to review a crushing wave of cases and lawsuits filed in response.

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President Donald Trump speaks to the media after signing an executive order at the White House. (Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

WINS:

Limits on nationwide injunctions

In June 2025, the Supreme Court sided with the Trump administration 6-3 in Trump v. CASA, a closely watched case centered on the power of district courts to issue so-called universal or nationwide injunctions blocking a president’s executive orders. 

Though the case ostensibly focused on birthright citizenship, arguments narrowly focused on the authority of lower courts’ ability to issue nationwide injunctions and did not wade into the legality of Trump’s order, which served as the legal pretext for the case. The decision had sweeping national implications, ultimately affecting the more than 310 federal lawsuits that had been filed at the time challenging Trump’s orders signed in his second presidential term.

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Justices on the high court ultimately sided with U.S. Solicitor General John Sauer, who had argued to the court that universal injunctions exceeded lower courts’ Article III powers under the Constitution, telling justices that the injunctions «transgress the traditional bounds of equitable authority,» and «create a host of practical problems.»

The Supreme Court largely agreed. Justices ruled that plaintiffs seeking nationwide relief must file their lawsuits as class action challenges. This prompted a flurry of action from plaintiffs in the weeks and months that followed as they raced to amend and refile relevant complaints to lower courts.

Firing independent agency heads 

The Supreme Court also signaled openness to expanding presidential authority over independent agencies.

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Earlier in 2025, the justices granted Trump’s request to pause lower-court orders reinstating two Democratic appointees — National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) member Gwynne Wilcox and Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) member Cathy Harris, two Democrat appointees who were abruptly terminated by the Trump administration. It also suggested the Supreme Court is poised to pare back a 90-year-old precedent in Humphrey’s Executor, a 1935 ruling that prohibits certain heads of multi-member, congressionally created federal regulatory agencies from being fired without cause.

It is not the only issue in which the justices appeared inclined to side with Trump administration officials and either overturn or pare back Humphrey’s protections.

In December, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in Trump v. Slaughter, a similar case centered on Trump’s attempt to fire a member of the Federal Trade Commission without cause. Justices seemed likely to allow the firing to proceed and to weaken Humphrey’s protections for similarly situated federal employees, though the extent that justices will move to dilute an already watered-down court ruling remains unclear.

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The high court will also review another case centered on Trump’s ability to remove Federal Reserve Board Governor Lisa Cook early in 2026.

SUPREME COURT CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS REINS IN SOTOMAYOR AFTER REPEATED INTERRUPTIONS

LOSSES:

Tariffs 

While it’s rarely helpful to speculate on how the Supreme Court might rule on a certain case, court watchers and legal experts overwhelmingly reached a similar consensus after listening to oral arguments in Learning Resources v. Trump, the case centered on Trump’s use of an emergency wartime law to enact his sweeping tariff plan. 

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At issue in the case is Trump’s use of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to enact his steep 10% tariffs on most imports. The IEEPA law gives the president broad economic powers in the event of a national emergency tied to foreign threats. But it’s unclear if such conditions exist, as voiced by liberal and conservative justices in their review of the case earlier in 2025.

Several justices also noted that the statute does not explicitly reference tariffs or taxes, a point that loomed large during oral arguments.

A ruling against the administration would deliver a major blow to Trump’s signature economic policy. 

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Court watchers and legal experts said after arguments that a Trump administration win could be more difficult than expected, though each cautioned it is hard to draw conclusions from roughly two hours of oral arguments, a fraction of the total time justices spend reviewing a case.

Jonathan Turley, a law professor and Fox News contributor, said in a blog post that the justices «were skeptical and uncomfortable with the claim of authority, and the odds still favored the challengers.»

«However, there is a real chance of a fractured decision that could still produce an effective win for the administration,» Turley added.

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Brent Skorup, a legal fellow at the CATO Institute, told Fox News Digital in an emailed statement that members of the court seemed uncomfortable with expanding presidential power over tariffs.

«Most justices appeared attentive to the risks of deferring to a president’s interpretation of an ambiguous statute and the executive branch ‘discovering’ new powers in old statutes,» Skorup said.

‘LIFE OR DEATH’: SUPREME COURT WEIGHS TRUMP TARIFF POWERS IN BLOCKBUSTER CASE

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Birthright citizenship

The Supreme Court has agreed to review Trump’s executive order restricting birthright citizenship, one of the most legally consequential actions of his second term.

At issue is an executive order Trump signed on his first day back in office that would deny automatic U.S. citizenship to most children born to illegal immigrant parents or parents with temporary legal status, a sweeping change critics say would upend roughly 150 years of constitutional precedent.

The order immediately sparked a flurry of lawsuits in 2025 filed by dozens of U.S. states and immigrants’ rights groups. Opponents have also argued that the effort is an unconstitutional and «unprecedented» one that would threaten some 150,000 children in the U.S. born annually to parents of noncitizens and an estimated 4.4 million American-born children under 18 who are living with an illegal immigrant parent, according to data from the Pew Research Center. 

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To date, no court has sided with the Trump administration’s interpretation of the 14th Amendment, though multiple district courts have blocked the order from taking force.

While it’s unclear how the high court might rule, the lower court rulings suggest the Trump administration might face a steep uphill battle in arguing the case before the Supreme Court in early 2026.

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The court said in early December it will hold oral arguments in the case in 2026, between February and April, with a ruling expected by the end of June. 

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INTERNACIONAL

Qué leer el fin de semana: libros para “vivir mil vidas”, de la Edad Media a un romance de varones

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Qué leer el fin de semana: libros para “vivir mil vidas”

“Un lector vive mil vidas antes de morir. El que nunca lee solo vive una”. La frase ya es un clásico. ¿Repetida, tal vez? Pocas veces se grafica de forma tan clara el valor de la lectura: para vivir mil vidas. Así lo decía George R. R. Martin, autor de Canción de hielo y fuego, mundialmente conocida por su adaptación audiovisual: Game of Thrones.

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La lectura requiere tiempo. Pero no es solo eso. También coraje, ganas. Se trata de animarse a perder el tiempo, de dejarse llevar por una nueva historia, comprometerse con la narración, creerlo al autor, a los personajes, meterse adentro. ¿Libros para el fin de semana? Varias historias, varias vidas. Empecemos este recorrido.

Publicado en 1952, Helena o el mar del verano de Julián Ayesta es una novela breve que explora el final de la infancia y el inicio de la adolescencia a través del recuerdo de los veranos junto al mar. La historia se construye como un mosaico de episodios que capturan el descubrimiento del amor, la amistad y los primeros deslumbramientos de los sentidos, presentados con una prosa transparente y precisa.

La obra de este escritor, dramaturgo y diplomático español, embajador de España en Yugoslavia, se ha mantenido vigente por su poder evocador y su lirismo, siendo reconocida como una de las novelas más valoradas de la narrativa española de posguerra. La frescura de sus imágenes y la atmósfera nostálgica invitan a recorrer los paisajes emocionales de la juventud, convirtiendo la lectura en una experiencia que muchos lectores desean repetir.

Una mujer sin importancia es una obra teatral de Oscar Wilde que expone la hipocresía de la alta sociedad inglesa del siglo XIX. La trama se desarrolla en una casa de campo, donde Lord Illingworth, un aristócrata carismático, le ofrece a Gerald Arbuthnot un prestigioso puesto como secretario, sin saber que la madre del joven guarda un secreto fundamental: él es el padre biológico que la abandonó años atrás.

La revelación desencadena una crítica a las normas sociales que castigan a las mujeres por su pasado mientras absuelven a los hombres de responsabilidad. Wilde utiliza diálogos agudos y personajes complejos para cuestionar la justicia y el papel de la mujer en una sociedad dominada por las apariencias y el privilegio.

Charlie inicia un nuevo ciclo escolar en la Academia Valentine para varones, siendo el único estudiante trans del colegio. Su objetivo es mantener un perfil bajo y lograr una habitación individual, pero su plan se complica al descubrir que su compañero de cuarto es Jasper Grimes, el sobrino de la directora y la persona que le rompió el corazón antes de su transición.

Jasper no reconoce a Charlie, lo que le da margen para intentar convencerlo de pedir el cambio de habitación. Para lograrlo, ambos colaboran en la redacción y entrega de cartas de amor entre los alumnos y las estudiantes del colegio vecino. A medida que pasan tiempo juntos, la cercanía y las tareas compartidas despiertan sentimientos inesperados. Imperdible novela de Page Powars. Se titula Solo eran roomies.

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En la tercera entrega de la serie Enzo Brown: loco por el basket, Enzo y su equipo se enfrentan a un nuevo reto cuando la directora del colegio decide organizar unas Olimpiadas Escolares para solucionar los conflictos entre quienes quieren jugar distintos deportes en el recreo. En medio del caos, Enzo debe formar un equipo de baloncesto 3×3 y aprender a convivir con compañeros difíciles, mientras busca mantener la armonía en el patio.

Además de los desafíos deportivos, Enzo recibe una carta de su padre desaparecido, lo que despierta nuevas preguntas y misterios que intentará resolver junto a los Guardianes del Arone. La historia, dirigida a lectores a partir de 9 años, combina deporte, amistad, humor y aventuras, acompañada por ilustraciones que resaltan la energía de los personajes y el dinamismo del baloncesto. El autor, Pablo Lolaso, es un destacado influencer español.

Siglo XIII. En una península ibérica marcada por la guerra y la lucha entre los reinos cristianos y musulmanes, el infante Alfonso, futuro Alfonso X el Sabio, recibe el encargo de consolidar las conquistas en el sur y proteger las fronteras, tarea para la que contará con una aliada inesperada: María la Balteira. Así se va armando la trama de La espía de Alfonso X de Francisco Sempere.

María se convierte en una figura decisiva gracias a su inteligencia y audacia, infiltrándose entre las autoridades musulmanas y facilitando las campañas de Alfonso para tomar posiciones clave en al-Ándalus. La novela reconstruye con detalle la vida de esta mujer enigmática, mostrando su capacidad para influir en los acontecimientos y modificar el rumbo de la historia.

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Federal prosecutor admits ‘extraordinary’ timing in Abrego Garcia smuggling case charges

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A federal prosecutor acknowledged Thursday that the decision to charge Salvadoran migrant Kilmar Abrego Garcia two years after a routine traffic stop was «extraordinary,» while defending the human smuggling case as legally justified.

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Abrego Garcia, 31, has become a flashpoint in the national immigration debate since last March, when he was deported to El Salvador in violation of a 2019 court order in what Trump administration officials acknowledged was an «administrative error.» 

The Supreme Court later ruled that the administration had to work to bring him back to the U.S.

After returning in June, Abrego Garcia was taken into federal custody in Nashville and detained on human smuggling charges stemming from a 2022 traffic stop in Tennessee.

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He has pleaded not guilty and is seeking dismissal of the charges on the grounds of vindictive and selective prosecution.

Kilmar Abrego Garcia and his wife Jennifer Vasquez Sura, left, are accompanied by Lydia Walther-Rodriguez, right, of We Are Casa, as they leave the federal courthouse, Thursday, in Nashville, Tenn. (AP Photo/George Walker IV)

A 2019 court order prevents Abrego Garcia from being deported to El Salvador after an immigration judge determined he faced danger from a gang that had threatened his family. He immigrated to the U.S. illegally as a teenager and has been under the supervision of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). 

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Abrego Garcia was accused in court records of repeated domestic violence against his wife, who alleged multiple incidents of physical abuse in protective order filings. She later withdrew the protective order request and has defended her husband publicly. 

The Department of Homeland Security has also said he was living in the U.S. illegally and has alleged ties to MS-13, disputing portrayals of him as simply a «Maryland man.» His attorneys have denied the gang allegations.

Tennessee Highway Patrol body camera footage from when Abrego Garcia was pulled over for speeding shows a calm exchange with officers. While officers discussed suspicions of smuggling among themselves — noting there were nine passengers in the vehicle — Abrego Garcia was issued only a warning.

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TENNESSEE BODYCAM OF ‘MARYLAND MAN’ TRAFFIC STOP SHOWS TROOPERS’ HANDS TIED DESPITE SMUGGLING CLUES

A woman is seen holding a sign of Kilmar Abrego Garcia in front of the U.S. Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. Abrego Garcia was deported to El Salvador's CECOT prison earlier this year, in what Trump administration officials described as an 'administrative error.' Photo via Getty Images

A woman holds a sign in support of Kilmar Abrego Garcia in front of the U.S. District Court in Nashville. (Getty Images )

First Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Middle District of Tennessee Rob McGuire, who was acting U.S. attorney in April 2025, testified Thursday that his decision to charge Abrego Garcia was based on the evidence.

«I had previously prosecuted several human smuggling cases,» McGuire said, noting that after seeing video of the traffic stop, «I was immediately struck by how similar what was being depicted in the body cam was to those investigations.»

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McGuire said Abrego Garcia’s vehicle belonged to someone with «a human smuggling background» and added that the route was «suspicious.»

«It was a large number of individuals traveling in one SUV with a driver who spoke for the group. No one had luggage… the car had Texas plates… the route was suspicious,» McGuire said.

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Kilmar Abrego-Garcia arrives at the federal courthouse

Kilmar Abrego Garcia arrived at the federal courthouse, Thursday, for a hearing on whether the charges against him should be dismissed. (AP Photo/George Walker IV)

During cross-examination, McGuire acknowledged that the timing of the charges, coming so long after the traffic stop, was «extraordinary.»

He said he had not previously been aware of the traffic stop but reiterated that nobody in the Trump administration, including the White House or the Department of Justice, pressured him to seek the indictment.

When asked about whether he might have felt pressure to prosecute the case, McGuire said, «I’m not going to do something that is wrong to keep my job.»

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DHS OFFICIAL RIPS KILMAR ABREGO GARCIA FOR ‘MAKING TIKTOKS’ WHILE AGENCY FACES GAG ORDER

Kilmar Abrego-Garcia ICE Custody

Kilmar Abrego Garcia, right, and his brother Cesar Abrego Garcia, center, arrive at the Immigration and Customs Enforcement field office in Baltimore, Aug. 25, 2025. (AP Photo/Stephanie Scarbrough)

McGuire also said timing factored into charging Abrego Garcia since he was being held in El Salvador and he did not want the indictment to go public before all senior officials were briefed on the matter.

«I knew from the get-go that this was going to be a controversial matter,» McGuire said.

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U.S. District Judge Waverly D. Crenshaw did not make a ruling Thursday and said he would wait to receive post-hearing briefs from attorneys by March 5 before determining whether another hearing is necessary.

Crenshaw previously found some evidence that the prosecution «may be vindictive» and that prior statements by Trump administration officials «raise cause for concern.»

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Thursday’s court appearance came after a federal judge blocked the Trump administration from re-arresting Abrego Garcia into federal immigration custody on Feb. 17.

Fox News Digital’s Breanne Deppisch and Jake Gibson, and The Associated Press contributed to this report.

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Sweden jams suspected Russian drone near French carrier as NATO war fears rise

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The Swedish Armed Forces jammed a suspected Russian drone Feb. 25 as it approached a French nuclear-powered aircraft carrier while docked in Malmö during major NATO drills, according to reports.

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The Charles de Gaulle warship, the flagship of the French Navy, was visiting the southern Swedish port as part of the mission LA FAYETTE 26.

The drills brought NATO naval forces into the Baltic Sea region at a time of rising tensions with Moscow.

Rafale M (Marine) fighter jets parked on the flight deck with the conning tower in the background as the French aircraft carrier Charles De Gaulle. (Johan NILSSON / TT NEWS AGENCY / AFP via Getty Images)

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The drone security breach unfolded when the carrier was in port, underscoring mounting concerns over Russian-linked drone activity near critical Western military assets, according to SVT.

The Swedish broadcaster reported that the drone was launched from a nearby Russian vessel and moved toward the carrier before being detected by Swedish forces.

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Russia's President Vladimir Putin attends a meeting with Armenia's Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan at the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia, September 26, 2025

Putin is testing the boundaries of NATO with aircraft incursions, allied states say. (Ramil Sitdikov/Pool/Reuters )

A ship from the Swedish Navy found the suspected drone during ongoing sea patrols in the Öresund Strait.

In response, Swedish operatives activated electronic countermeasures, disrupting the aircraft’s control systems.

«A ship from the Swedish Navy observed a suspected drone during ongoing sea patrols in the Öresund,» the Swedish Armed Forces said in a statement, SVT reported.

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«In connection with the observation, the Swedish Armed Forces took countermeasures to disrupt the suspected drone. After that, contact with the drone was lost,» the statement said.

‘THEY WERE SPYING’: SULLIVAN SOUNDS ALARM ON JOINT RUSSIA-CHINA MOVES IN US ARCTIC ZONE

Nato drill

One of three Swedish Air Force JAS 39 Gripen fighter aircraft takes off from the Blekinge Wing F17, based in Kallinge southern Sweden for a base in Sardinia to join the Nato-led operation in Libya, on Saturday, April 2, 2011. As Sweden joins NATO, it bids a final farewell to more than two centuries of neutrality. (AP Photo/Scanpix/Patric Soderstrom, File)

As yet, it remains unclear whether the drone returned to the Russian vessel or fell into the sea after being jammed.

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Swedish Defence Minister Pål Jonson told SVT Thursday that the drone came «probably from Russia, as there was a Russian military vessel in the immediate vicinity at the time of the facts,» according to Le Monde.

«A drone was jammed yesterday by a Swedish system at about seven nautical miles from the Charles de Gaulle. The Swedish system worked perfectly and this did not disrupt operations on board,» French General Staff spokesman Colonel Guillaume Vernet also said.

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This incident came just hours after Poland sent fighter jets overnight in response to another wave of Russian strikes over Ukraine, heightening tensions between Moscow and NATO, according to reports.

It also follows warnings from Russian President Vladimir Putin, who said that his «adversaries know how things could end» if they resort to using a «nuclear» response.

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