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La melatonina, ¿puede causar insuficiencia cardíaca?

Esta semana, una serie de publicaciones advirtieron sobre los riesgos potenciales de tomar melatonina, el suplemento para dormir, diciendo que una nueva investigación la había relacionado con un aumento del 90 por ciento en los casos de insuficiencia cardiaca.
La investigación procede de un estudio inédito que se presentará la semana que viene en la conferencia científica de la Asociación Americana del Corazón en Nueva Orleans. Pero los expertos en el sueño afirman que no es posible extraer conclusiones sobre la melatonina a partir de esos resultados, y señalan algunas limitaciones importantes del estudio –que no ha sido revisado por pares expertos–, entre ellas el hecho de que no probaba la relación causa-efecto.
Leé también: Un estudio científico advierte que el uso prolongado de melatonina podría afectar la salud del corazón
Una explicación más probable de los resultados, según los expertos, es que el insomnio en sí –o un trastorno de salud que puede causarlo, como la apnea del sueño no diagnosticada– podría ser el culpable. En ese caso, la melatonina sería un “espectador inocente”, dijo Sujay Kansagra, médico del sueño de Duke Health, quien no participó en el estudio.
El estudio, dijo, “me dejó con muchas más preguntas que respuestas”.
Los hallazgos del estudio
Los investigadores analizaron los historiales médicos internacionales de más de 130.000 adultos con insomnio, a quienes clasificaron en dos grupos:
- el primero incluyó a quienes tomaron suplementos de melatonina durante al menos un año
- el segundo, a quienes no tenían constancia de haber tomado melatonina.
Los investigadores, dirigidos por Ekenedilichukwu Nnadi, médico residente jefe de atención primaria y medicina interna de la Universidad de Ciencias de la Salud SUNY Downstate de Brooklyn, analizaron a continuación el riesgo de insuficiencia cardiaca –que se produce cuando el corazón no puede bombear suficiente sangre para proporcionar oxígeno a los órganos del cuerpo– en el transcurso de cinco años. Dormir según tu reloj biológico mejora la productividad, la memoria y el bienestar emocional. (Foto: Adobe Stock)
El riesgo de insuficiencia cardiaca fue del 4,6 por ciento para quienes estaban en el grupo de la melatonina, frente al 2,7 por ciento de quienes no tenían constancia de tomar melatonina. Dicho de otro modo: las personas que tomaban melatonina, sugería el estudio, tenían un riesgo un 90 por ciento mayor de sufrir insuficiencia cardiaca. También tenían más de 3,5 veces más probabilidades de ser hospitalizados por insuficiencia cardiaca y el doble de probabilidades de morir por cualquier causa.
Nnadi dijo que era lógico que estas cifras llamaran la atención, dado que la melatonina es uno de los somníferos más utilizados.
Pero, en su opinión, algunos de los titulares que sugieren que la melatonina por sí misma causaba insuficiencia cardiaca son “un poco más alarmantes de lo que realmente apoyan los datos”.
“Lo que encontramos fue solo una asociación, no una prueba de causalidad”, dijo. “Esa distinción puede perderse fácilmente en la traducción”.
Cuáles fueron las limitaciones del estudio
Uno de los principales inconvenientes del estudio es que solo contó a las personas con recetas documentadas de melatonina. En el Reino Unido y varios países de la Unión Europea, para obtener melatonina es necesaria una receta, pero en Estados Unidos y algunos otros países, cualquiera puede comprar suplementos de melatonina sin receta, sin consultar a un médico.
Esto significa que algunos de los participantes del grupo sin melatonina del estudio pueden haber estado tomando también suplementos, aunque no conste en sus historiales médicos. Esto enturbia la comparación, dijo Andrew McHill, científico del sueño y el ritmo circadiano de la Universidad de Salud y Ciencia de Oregón.
También faltaba información sobre la dosis de melatonina y la gravedad del insomnio, dijo Phyllis Zee, médica del sueño e investigadora de Northwestern Medicine, que no participó en el estudio. Ambos factores podrían afectar a los riesgos cardiacos. Kansagra también señaló que el riesgo de insuficiencia cardiaca era bastante bajo en ambos grupos.
Akinbolaji Akingbola, especialista en medicina del sueño de la Universidad de Minnesota, quien tampoco participó en el estudio, dijo que, para saber si la melatonina aumenta el riesgo de insuficiencia cardiaca, los investigadores tendrían que realizar ensayos controlados aleatorizados en los que se asignara a las personas a recibir suplementos de melatonina o placebos.
Nnadi reconoció la necesidad de realizar más estudios. Uno de sus objetivos al realizar el estudio, dijo, era suscitar más investigaciones sobre suplementos de venta libre como la melatonina.
Dijo que tiene previsto presentar el trabajo para su revisión y publicación a principios de 2026.
Qué conclusiones se pueden sacar de los hallazgos
El estudio tiene demasiadas limitaciones para determinar si la melatonina aumenta el riesgo de insuficiencia cardiaca o incluso si afecta al corazón.
Aun así, los expertos coinciden en que es un buen recordatorio de lo poco que sabemos sobre la seguridad de los suplementos. Los suplementos de melatonina pueden imitar una hormona que el cuerpo produce de forma natural, pero eso no significa que estén exentos de riesgos para la salud, dijo Zee.
Tomar melatonina puede ayudarte a adaptarte a una nueva zona horaria o a cambiar tu horario de sueño, dijo McHill. Pero la mayoría de los expertos del sueño coinciden en que la melatonina no es una solución eficaz contra el insomnio. La hormona actúa indicando al cerebro que se acerca la hora de acostarse, no induciendo directamente el sueño. En muchos estudios, no es más eficaz que un placebo.
Leé también: Melatonina y alcohol, una combinación que puede poner en riesgo la salud
“El problema es que siempre estamos buscando una receta mágica que nos ayude a dormir mejor”, dijo. Pero las estrategias que realmente funcionan –como la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el insomnio, establecer rutinas de sueño saludables y evitar la cafeína y el alcohol antes de acostarse– requieren mucho más trabajo que tragarse una gomita.
(*) Caroline Hopkins Legaspi es una reportera del Times que se enfoca en la nutrición y el sueño.
The New York Times, insomnio, melatonina
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Omar allies tied to massive Minnesota COVID meal fraud scheme involving Somali community

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Members of the inner circle of Rep. Ilhan Omar, D-Minn., personally profited from the $1 billion welfare-fraud scandal in her district that has placed her Somali constituency under the White House microscope.
Omar held events at one of the restaurants named in the fraud, knew one of its now-convicted owners, and had a staffer who was also convicted, the New York Post reported.
In addition, Omar introduced the legislation that led to $250 million being defrauded from federal child-nutrition programs in COVID-19 aid, according to the newspaper.
FEDERAL PROBE TARGETS ALLEGED MINNESOTA SOMALI FRAUD ‘NETWORK’ AS COVID-AID CRIME RINGS PERSIST
Rep. Ilhan Omar, D-Minn., has been engulfed with questions over the rampant fraud in Minnesota. (Alex Wong/Getty Images)
Around $250 million in state funds was distributed beginning in 2020 to provide meals to schoolchildren during the pandemic. However, the money was allegedly pocketed by Salim Ahmed Said, the co-owner of Safari Restaurant, where Omar held her 2018 congressional victory party.
Said was convicted in March for his role in the scheme, with the Justice Department stating that the funds—intended to feed children—were used to finance a lavish lifestyle.
He spent much of the money on a $2 million Minneapolis mansion and a $9,000-per-month shopping habit at Nordstrom, according to prosecutors.
The free meals were made possible by the 2020 MEALS Act, introduced by Omar and passed with bipartisan support, the Post said.
Much of the funding was funneled through the now-defunct nonprofit Feeding Our Future, according to the DOJ. Omar appeared in a video promoting the program.
LIZ PEEK: MASSIVE MINNESOTA WELFARE HEIST PROVES DEMOCRATS CAN’T POLICE THEIR OWN MESS

A week after FBI agents raided the offices of Minnesota nonprofit Feeding Our Future after accusations the group’s partners defrauded the federal government of millions of dollars, evidence of the raid is seen in the offices. (Shari L. Gross/Star Tribune via Getty Images)
The congresswoman has not been directly linked to the fraud. Fox News Digital has attempted to reach her office for comment.
«The alleged fraud scheme orchestrated by Feeding Our Future is reprehensible. Using the guise of feeding children to funnel millions of dollars toward extravagant expenses is abhorrent, and anyone who participated in this scheme must be held accountable,» she told a local Minnesota news outlet at the time.
During an appearance on CNN this week, Omar was pressed to explain how fraud became so rampant within her state.

FBI raid Twin Cities nonprofit Feeding our Future, in St. Anthony, Minn., on Jan. 20, 2022. The FBI says the St. Anthony-based nonprofit was part of a broad scheme to defraud the USDA of millions, funneling money from federally funded child nutrition programs to an array of entities to launder the money and use it for personal real estate, cars and other luxury items. (Elizabeth Flores/Star Tribune via Getty Images)
«I think what happened, um, is that, you know, when you have these, kind of new programs that are, um, designed to help people, you’re oftentimes relying on third parties to be able to facilitate. And I just think that a lot of the COVID programs that were set up — they were set up so quickly that a lot of the guardrails did not get created,» she said.
In August, Guhaad Hashi Said, a Democratic activist and former Omar campaign official, pleaded guilty to running a fake food site, Advance Youth Athletic Development.
MINNESOTA GOVERNMENT WORKERS BLAME WALZ FOR ‘MASSIVE FRAUD’ AMID ALLEGATIONS AGAINST SOMALI COMMUNITY

President Donald Trump, left; Rep. Ilhan A. Omar, right. (Pete Marovich/Getty Images; Tom Williams/Getty Images)
He claimed the group served 5,000 meals a day to children, pocketing millions, the Justice Department said.
Said worked on Omar’s 2018 and 2020 campaigns as an «enforcer» who oversaw voter turnout efforts in the Somali community.
As of November, at least 78 defendants have been charged in what has widely been considered the largest pandemic relief fraud scheme in the United States.
The Trump administration has blamed Minnesota officials for the lack of oversight.
The Small Business Administration is investigating a network of Somali groups in Minnesota that it says is tied to the scandal and a House Oversight Committee has opened an investigation into Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz’s role.
President Donald Trump on Wednesday criticized Omar and blamed the Somali community for the scope of fraud occurring in Minnesota.
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«These Somalians have taken billions of dollars out of our country. They’ve taken billions and billions of dollars. They have a representative, Ilhan Omar, who they say married her brother. She should be thrown the hell out of our country. And most of those people, they have destroyed Minnesota. She should not be — and her friend shouldn’t be allowed — frankly, they shouldn‘t even be allowed to be Congress people, okay? They shouldn’t even be allowed to be Congress people, because they don’t represent the interests of our country,» Trump told reporters.
ilhan omar,us,minnesota
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Powerful Israel-backed clan leader who fought Hamas murdered in Gaza

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A powerful anti-Hamas clan leader protecting civilians in Gaza and allegedly backed by Israel has been murdered in Rafah, according to multiple reports.
Yasser Abu Shabab, head of the Abu Shabab militia, known locally as the «Popular Forces» of the Gaza Strip, had risen to prominence for his cooperation with Israel against Hamas’ influence in the region, according to analysts.
«Abu Shabab militia helped Israel to protect the locals and prevent Hamas from harming them,» Professor Kobi Michael, senior researcher at the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS) and the Misgav Institute told Fox News Digital.
DOZENS KILLED IN GAZA AS VIOLENCE ERUPTS BETWEEN HAMAS AND ARMED CLANS
Yaser Abu Shabab leads an anti-Hamas militia in Gaza. (The Center for Peace Communications)
«Hamas has become deeply troubled because of these militias and makes its utmost efforts to dismantle them. It perceives them as a real threat, but the fact that Abu Shabab was murdered by a rival, Hamula, indicates that it will not be enough just to disarm Hamas.
«Still, without an effective alternative governance to Hamas, the Strip will deteriorate into chaos.»
As reported by Fox News Digital in July, Abu Shabab’s group began forming in early 2024 after the IDF entered Rafah and Hamas started to lose control of the area.
AFTER TRUMP DECLARES ‘WAR IS OVER,’ HAMAS EXECUTES RIVALS IN GAZA TO REASSERT CONTROL

Hamas terrorists in the northern part of the Gaza Strip Dec. 1, 2025. (Omar Al-Qatta/AFP via Getty Images)
Allegedly operating under Israeli protection, his men were escorting aid trucks, distributing supplies and asserting control over parts of eastern Rafah.
On Thursday, The Jerusalem Post reported sources claiming Abu Shabab was initially wounded in a clan-related confrontation. He was subsequently evacuated to a hospital in southern Israel, where he later died from his injuries.
The Popular Forces later released a statement, also cited by The Jerusalem Post, confirming Abu Shabab’s death and insisting he had been killed while attempting to resolve a local dispute.
WARFARE EXPERT CALLS GAZA REBUILDING PLAN ‘DISNEYLAND STRATEGY’ TO DEFEAT HAMAS

Yaser Abu Shabab leads the Popular Forces in Rafah. (Courtesy: The Center for Peace Communications)
The group vowed to continue its operations until «the last terrorist was eliminated in Gaza,» adding that it would keep pursuing «a bright and secure future for our people who believe in peace,» the outlet said.
In a past interview with Ynet, Abu Shabab said, «We will not leave the Gaza Strip and will continue to fight Hamas until the last one is dead.»
A senior U.N. official, Georgios Petropoulos, also once referred to him as «the self-styled power broker of east Rafah,» according to a previous New York Times interview.
ISRAEL SAYS HAMAS VIOLATED CEASEFIRE WITH ‘MULTIPLE ATTACKS’ LEADING TO IDF RESPONSE

Terrorists in the central Gaza town of Deir al-Balah celebrate the ceasefire on Jan. 19, 2025. (TPS-IL)
«Israel has never believed that these militias can replace Hamas or become an effective ruler of the Gaza Strip,» added Michael.
«But both sides have a common enemy — Hamas. On the other hand, these militias were and are against Hamas and willing to fight Hamas. Israel perceived these militias as another operational tool in its war against Hamas and established cooperation with them based on local interests and essence.»
According to Reuters, Abu Shabab’s militia continued operating from Israeli-controlled areas of southern Gaza following the U.S.-backed ceasefire in October.
IDF STRIKES HAMAS ‘TERRORIST TARGETS’ ACROSS GAZA FOLLOWING REPORTED CEASEFIRE VIOLATION

Palestinian Hamas terrorists stand guard on the day of the handover of hostages held in Gaza since the deadly Oct. 7 2023, attack, as part of a ceasefire and a hostages and prisoners swap deal between Hamas and Israel in Rafah in the southern Gaza Strip Feb. 22, 2025. (Reuters/Hatem Khaled/File Photo)
On Nov. 18, the group posted a video showing fighters preparing for a security sweep to «clear Rafah of terror,» referencing Hamas forces believed to be hiding in the area.
As reported by Fox News Digital, the ceasefire created a new landscape of militias, clan groups and networks as Hamas’ control weakened throughout the region, including the Popular Forces in Rafah.
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«The situation is very fragile and unstable as long as Hamas is able to operate freely in Gaza,» Michael added.
Fox News Digital has reached out to the IDF and Israeli government for comment.
middle east,hamas,israel,armed forces
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