Connect with us

INTERNACIONAL

Pope Francis dead at 88, Vatican says

Published

on


Pope Francis, Bishop of Rome and Supreme Pontiff of the Catholic Church, who worked to instill progressive influences on the global church while maintaining unity with conservatives amid years of turmoil, died Monday morning, Vatican camerlengo Cardinal Kevin Farrell announced. 

He was 88 years old.

Advertisement

«Dearest brothers and sisters, with deep sorrow I must announce the death of our Holy Father Francis. At 7:35 this morning, the Bishop of Rome, Francis, returned to the house of the Father. His entire life was dedicated to the service of the Lord and His Church,» Farrell announced.

«He taught us to live the values ​​of the Gospel with fidelity, courage and universal love, especially in favor of the poorest and most marginalized. With immense gratitude for his example as a true disciple of the Lord Jesus, we commend the soul of Pope Francis to the infinite merciful love of the One and Triune God.»

U.S. Vice President JD Vance had just met with the pope on Sunday.

Advertisement

«I just learned of the passing of Pope Francis. My heart goes out to the millions of Christians all over the world who loved him. I was happy to see him yesterday, though he was obviously very ill. But I’ll always remember him for the below homily he gave in the very early days of COVID. It was really quite beautiful. May God rest his soul,» Vance said early Monday morning in a post on X.

Pope Francis meets with U.S. Vice President JD Vance and his delegation during an audience at Casa Santa Marta on April 20, 2025, in Vatican City, Vatican. (Vatican Media via Vatican Pool/Getty Images)

The pope preached frequently on the Catholic virtues of mercy, kindness and humility. He did not shy away from controversy, and American presidents, including Donald Trump and Joe Biden, were not immune from his views. 

Advertisement

Less than a month into President Donald Trump’s presidency, the pontiff criticized the Republican’s plans for the mass deportations of migrants, stressing that the forceful removal of people simply for their immigration status deprives them of their inherent dignity and «will end badly.» 

In a strongly worded letter to U.S. Catholic Bishops, the pope appeared to counter remarks made by Vice President JD Vance — who had recently converted to Catholicism — after he suggested Americans should care for family, communities and the country before caring about others. 

«Christian love is not a concentric expansion of interests that little by little extend to other persons and groups,» the pontiff wrote. «Worrying about personal, community or national identity, apart from these considerations.» 

Advertisement

POPE FRANCIS EXPOSES CONFIDENTIAL DETAILS ABOUT HIS ELECTION AND RELATIONSHIPS IN LENGTHY INTERVIEW 

Pope Francis in Kazakhstan

Pope Francis meets with bishops, priests, deacons, consecrated persons, seminarians and pastoral workers in Our Lady of Perpetual Help Cathedral in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, on Sept. 15, 2022. (Reuters/Pavel Mikheyev)

Pope Francis in 2015 became the first pontiff to ever address a Joint Meeting of Congress where he spoke on a range of topics including immigration, family, the death penalty, climate change, extremism, religious freedom and the refugee crisis. 

He joined American bishops and urged American leaders to abolish capital punishment and said Congress has a «role to play» in addressing global warming. 

Advertisement

In 2022 he questioned then President Biden’s conscience on abortion in an interview during which he described the commander-in-chief’s religious identity and views on abortion as incoherent. «A month after conception, the DNA of the fetus is already there and the organs are aligned. There is human life,» the pontiff said in the interview with Spanish-language outlet Univision. 

He also weighed in on candidates Trump and Harris during the election campaign, where he bashed them both, saying, «Both are against life, be it the one who kicks out migrants, or be it the one who kills babies,″ he said, according to the Associated Press. 

Just weeks before President Trump’s second inauguration, he appointed Cardinal Robert McElroy to be the Archbishop of Washington. McElroy had been critical of Trump’s immigration policies during his first term as president. 

Advertisement

Born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in 1936 to Italian immigrant parents in Argentina, Francis made history as the first pope from the Americas — as well as the first Jesuit to hold the office.  

He was elected pope in 2013 after the almost unprecedented retirement of his predecessor, Pope Benedict XVI.  

Bergolio’s father, Mario, was an accountant for the railway industry, and his mother, Regina, was a homemaker and caregiver for her five children.  

Advertisement

POPE FRANCIS FUELS NEW SPECULATION ON FUTURE OF PONTIFICATE 

Pope Francis obituary, file image of the dead pontiff

Pope Francis, born as Jorge Mario Bergoglio, is shown here with his family. From left to right, standing, brother Alberto Horacio, Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Oscar Adrian and sister Marta Regina, sitting, sister Maria Elena, mother Regina and father Mario Jose Francisco. (API/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)

Throughout his early years, the future pope worked a number of menial jobs. He labored briefly in the stocking factory where his father was an accountant before moving on to other opportunities, including jobs as a bar bouncer and janitor.  

He eventually sought a career as a chemical technician, receiving a diploma in chemistry from the secondary school Escuela Técnica Industrial N° 27 Hipólito Yrigoyen. He also worked briefly in a food laboratory. However, his career in chemistry was short-lived. 

Advertisement

He entered the priesthood at the Diocesan Seminary of Villa Devoto in Argentina. Francis was ordained a priest in 1969 and made his final profession with the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits, in 1973. The same year, he was appointed as a provincial for the order.  

His appointment as provincial was concurrent with the Dirty War, a period of intense state-led persecution of left-wing leaders and political dissidents. Bergolio experienced constant threats to his own safety as he worked to hide or aid in the escape of government targets, including many Catholic faithful.  

Pope Francis obituary, file image of the dead pontiff

Pope Francis’ is a fan of Argentina’s San Lorenzo Futbol Club. (API/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images)

During that time, two Jesuit priests under his supervision were disappeared by the government, drugged and left barely alive in a field five months after their kidnapping. Pope Francis has said he was forced to negotiate with the regime for their release.  

Advertisement

Bergolio would spend the next two decades bouncing from position to position at the direction of his superiors. He served as a professor of theology, seminary instructor, rector, doctoral student and parish priest.  

In 1992, Pope John Paul II appointed Bergolio as titular Bishop of Auca and as an auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires. This was done at the request of Cardinal Antonio Quarracino, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, who consecrated him to the episcopacy.  

Bergoglio proved vital to the nation’s Catholic community, and he was quickly raised to the dignity of Coadjutor Archbishop of Buenos Aires, serving alongside Quarracino and taking over the archdiocese entirely after his death the following year.  

Advertisement

Bergoglio was given the crimson hat of a cardinal by Pope John Paul II in 2001.  

In 2013, after the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, Bergoglio was elected to the papacy, selecting the pontifical name «Francis» after St. Francis of Assisi — a choice that set the tone for the rest of his papacy.  

POPE DERIDES BIDEN’S ABORTION VIEWS, CATHOLIC SELF-IDENTITY AS ‘INCOHERENCE’

Advertisement
Pope Francis obituary, file image of the dead pontiff

Newly elected Pope Francis, Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio of Argentina appears on the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica after being elected by the conclave of cardinals, at the Vatican on March 13, 2013. White smoke rose from the Sistine Chapel chimney, and the bells of St. Peter’s Basilica rang out, signaling at the time that the Roman Catholic cardinals had elected a pope to succeed Benedict XVI. (Tony Gentile/Reuters)

Pope Francis’s teachings as a priest, bishop, cardinal and pope were deeply influenced by his Jesuit vocation — viewing each person as a unique creation of God, with whom they can have a personal relationship. His ministry and leadership were committed to keeping doors open and making the church approachable to the public.  

It was not only American politics that he had strong opinions of. 

He faced criticism for specific remarks he made against Israel’s military operation in Gaza, calling the humanitarian situation in the Palestinian enclave «very serious and shameful.» During that same speech, he condemned the growth of antisemitism throughout the world, Reuters reported. He also called for an end to the war in Ukraine and expressed concerns over climate change.

Advertisement

In 2023, seemingly looking to strike a balance, he formally allowed Catholic priests to give same-sex couples a blessing, which was seen as being a radical shift in church policy, the Associated Press reported at the time.   

Pope Francis is also remembered for living a life of intense simplicity, denying himself a lavish papal apartment in the Vatican upon his election, and opting instead for a two-room suite in the Domus Santa Marta, a residence built by Pope John Paul II.  

Pope Francis washes the feet of a prisoner

Pope Francis celebrates the traditional rite of the washing of feet at the Casal del Marmo juvenile penitentiary on April 6, 2023, in Rome, Italy. On Holy Thursday, Pope Francis went to the outskirts of Rome to celebrate the Mass of the Lord’s Supper at the Casal del Marmo juvenile penitentiary, where he carried out the traditional rite of the washing of the feet of twelve of the young people there. (Vatican Media via Vatican Pool/Getty Images)

In contrast to his immediate predecessors, Pope Francis eschewed ornate robes or luxurious clothing. His outfit rarely consisted of more than a plain, white cassock tied with a papal fascia.  

Advertisement

Pope Francis even dressed down his Ring of the Fisherman — a piece of gold jewelry worn by popes to signify their office — by having it made with silver and only wearing it for ceremonies.  

Francis’s tenure continued the ongoing efforts to investigate decades of sexual abuse claims against priests across the world, including in the United States, with Francis vowing transparency in 2019. 

«Transparency is now being implemented at the highest level,» said Archbishop Charles Scicluna, the Archbishop of Malta and Adjunct Secretary of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, after Francis gave legal authorities access to documents about sexual abuse cases and abolished the «pontifical secret» of the cases.  

Advertisement

POPE FRANCIS DEFROCKS NOTORIOUS BISHOP WHO CONFESSED TO ABUSING HIS NEPHEW 

Pope Francis obituary, file image of the dead pontiff

Pope Francis meets President Donald Trump during his first term in the Private Library of the Apostolic Palace with his wife, Melania, his daughter, Ivanka Trump and her husband, Jared Kushner.  (Vatican/Pool/Galazka/Archivio Grzegorz Galazka/Mondadori via Getty Images)

He continued Benedict’s work to root malicious clerics out of the Church hierarchy «with the wrath of God,» appointing task forces and establishing victim aid groups.  

Pope Francis proved frustrating for a wide variety of conservatives, liberals, traditionalists and progressives. 

Advertisement

His gentle — at times vague and confusing — language on key social issues, such as sexuality and divorce, frustrated conservatives hoping for a more aggressive champion of Catholic moral teaching. 

In July 2017, a group of Catholic clergy and academics sent Pope Francis a «Filial Correction» document alleging seven serious theological mistakes made by the pontiff in public statements. The document’s assertions proved controversial within the Catholic Church and the document was never explicitly addressed.  

Conversely, his refusal to back down from traditional church teachings on abortion, gay marriage, women’s ordination and priestly celibacy frustrated progressives hoping for a more modern church.  

Advertisement

Echoing his time as a prelate in Argentina, Pope Francis was at times criticized from both sides of the aisle for his heavy hand enforcing Catholic unity on national and international levels.  

Traditionalists voiced intense opposition to his apostolic letter «Traditionis custodes,» which restricted the celebration of the traditional Latin mass in an attempt to squash increasingly separatist conservative movements within the Church.  

Biden with Pope Francis

Pope Francis meets with then-President Joe Biden during an audience at the Apostolic Palace on Oct. 29, 2021 in Vatican City.  (Vatican Media via Vatican Pool)

He similarly shut down discussion of many social issues that progressives have sought to reform.  

Advertisement

In 2019, Pope Francis told a nun asking him to approve the ordination of women that «if the Lord didn’t want a sacramental ministry for women, it can’t go forward,» adding, «We are Catholics, but if anyone wants to found another church they are free [to do so].»  

The hyper-progressive leadership of the Catholic Church in Germany was a target of his ire after the country’s clerical leaders attempted an upheaval of traditional teachings regarding gender and sexuality. The Vatican issued a series of letters, approved by Pope Francis, accusing the German church of risking separation from the Catholic Communion.  

The conflict with German bishops encapsulated his papacy’s recurring themes of authority and unity, best exemplified in a passage from his «Letter to the Pilgrim People of God in Germany.»  

Advertisement

POPE FRANCIS URGES CATHOLIC VOTERS TO ‘CHOOSE THE LESSER EVIL’ BETWEEN TRUMP AND HARRIS

Pope Francis delivers his speech during the Holy Mass with

Pope Francis delivers a speech during the Holy Mass with newly appointed Cardinals.  (Stefano Costantino/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)

In the letter, Pope Francis wrote, «The universal Church lives in and of the particular Churches, just as the particular Churches live and flourish in and from the universal Church. If they find themselves separated from the entire ecclesial body, they weaken, rot and die. Hence, the need always to ensure that communion with the whole body of the Church is alive and effective.»  

Pope Francis visited dozens of countries, including the United States and Cuba in 2015, and went as far afield as Papua New Guinea, as well as visits to predominantly Muslim countries including Egypt, Morocco and Jordan. 

Advertisement

Pope Francis struggled with health complications throughout his reign.  

The pontiff dealt for many years with sciatica, a nerve condition that caused immense pain in his leg and at times hindered his ability to walk.  

In 2021, Pope Francis was hospitalized for an intestinal surgery that removed 13 inches of his colon. 

Advertisement

In March 2023, Francis was again taken to the hospital after experiencing intense chest pain and difficulty breathing. He was treated for a respiratory infection and released after antibiotic treatment. 

CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP 

Pope Francis Travels To Mongolia

Pope Francis is welcomed as he arrives at the Apostolic Prefecture on Sept. 1, 2023 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. According to the Vatican, the trip was Pope Francis’s 43rd Apostolic Journey abroad and the 61st country he visited as Pope.  (Vatican Media via Vatican Pool/Getty Images)

In June of the same year, the pope was brought back for another abdominal surgery to repair an incisional hernia. He was released after making a full recovery.  

Advertisement

He took a fall at his residence and suffered a contusion on his right arm in January 2025.   

In February, he was once again hospitalized after a bout of bronchitis.  

Following Pope Francis’ death, the Vatican has entered a time of sede vacante — in English, «empty seat.»  

Advertisement

The Associated Press, Reuters and Fox News’ Annie Butterworth contributed to this report. 


Advertisement

INTERNACIONAL

Trump celebró la entrada en vigor de sus nuevas tarifas y afirmó que “miles de millones” comenzarán a fluir hacia EEUU

Published

on


Trump celebró la entrada en vigor de los nuevos aranceles: “Miles de millones de dólares fluyen hacia Estados Unidos ahora” (REUTERS)

El presidente de Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, celebró este jueves la entrada en vigor de una nueva serie de aranceles dirigidos a decenas de países, consolidando su estrategia comercial basada en el proteccionismo y el uso de tarifas aduaneras como instrumento de presión económica.

La medida, efectiva desde la medianoche de EEUU, forma parte del nuevo esquema de comercio exterior con el que el mandatario busca, según ha expresado, “reestructurar el comercio en beneficio de los trabajadores estadounidenses”.

Advertisement

En un mensaje publicado en su red Truth Social, Trump escribió: “¡Es medianoche! ¡Miles de millones de dólares en aranceles fluyen hacia Estados Unidos ahora!”, subrayando el momento en que se activaron los recargos. Además, reiteró que los nuevos aranceles permitirán que “Estados Unidos vuelva a ser grande y rico”.

Las tarifas se aplican de forma diferenciada según la balanza comercial bilateral. Países con los que Estados Unidos mantiene superávit seguirán enfrentando un arancel mínimo del 10%, mientras que aquellos con déficit serán sujetos a recargos entre el 15% y el 41%.

El comunicado de Trump publicado
El comunicado de Trump publicado en Truth Social

Entre los más afectados figura India, que recibirá un 50% total: 25% aplicado desde este jueves y otro 25% dentro de tres semanas. Trump justificó la sanción por “la compra continua de petróleo ruso” por parte de Nueva Delhi.

El caso de Brasil también fue destacado. Pese a tener superávit con Washington, algunos productos, como el café y la carne, enfrentan un arancel adicional del 50%. El mandatario asoció esta decisión con el proceso judicial contra el ex presidente Jair Bolsonaro, a quien considera una víctima política. En julio, Trump afirmó: “Bolsonaro está siendo perseguido por defender la democracia. Es una caza de brujas”.

Advertisement

México, por su parte, obtuvo una prórroga de 90 días para renegociar sus términos comerciales. Mientras tanto, la mayoría de sus exportaciones están sujetas a un 25%, salvo los productos protegidos por el Tratado entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá (T-MEC).

Trump también anunció nuevas medidas en sectores estratégicos. Este miércoles declaró que impondrá un arancel del 100% sobre chips y semiconductores, aunque aclaró que “si la compañía fabrica en estados unidos, no hay ningún recargo”.

Respecto a los productos farmacéuticos, adelantó que iniciarán con un arancel reducido que escalará gradualmente: “inicialmente vamos a colocar un pequeño arancel sobre los productos farmacéuticos, pero en un año, año y medio como máximo, subirá al 150% y luego al 250% porque queremos que los productos farmacéuticos se fabriquen en nuestro país”, dijo esta semana a la cadena CNBC.

Advertisement
Trump también anunció nuevas medidas
Trump también anunció nuevas medidas en sectores estratégicos. Este miércoles declaró que impondrá un arancel del 100% sobre chips y semiconductores, aunque aclaró que “si la compañía fabrica en estados unidos, no hay ningún recargo” (REUTERS)

La próxima fase de la ofensiva está marcada para el 12 de agosto, fecha en que expira la tregua comercial con China. Ambas potencias mantienen reducciones recíprocas —10% sobre productos estadounidenses y 30% sobre bienes chinos—. Trump indicó que la continuidad del acuerdo dependerá de su evaluación personal: “la decisión final está en mis manos”.

Mientras el gobierno proyecta ingresos adicionales por la vía de las tarifas, surgen interrogantes sobre su impacto en el consumo. Según una encuesta de Morning Consult/The Century Foundation, publicada el 31 de julio, el 83% de los estadounidenses expresó preocupación por el precio de los alimentos.

Trump, sin embargo, sostiene que los beneficios serán mayores a los costos. En declaraciones recientes afirmó: “Entra tanto dinero que consideramos un pequeño reembolso”, aunque no ofreció detalles sobre su implementación. También apuntó: “Lo más importante es saldar la deuda”, en referencia al pasivo público, que a comienzos de agosto superó los 36,8 billones de dólares.

(Con información de EFE)

Advertisement



Asia / Pacific,BEIJING

Continue Reading

INTERNACIONAL

Violent attack reignites BOWSER Act debate as Trump floats federal takeover of DC

Published

on


NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!

A Senate Republican renewed his push to federalize Washington, D.C., following an attack on a former Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) staffer and President Donald Trump’s threat to put the District under federal control.

Advertisement

Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah, has long called for control of Washington to fall under Congress, going so far as to introduce the Bringing Oversight to Washington and Safety to Every Resident (BOWSER) Act, named after D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser, in an effort to combat crime in the District.

REPUBLICAN BILL WOULD PUT ‘ANARCHIST JURISDICTIONS’ ON NOTICE, THREATEN FEDERAL FUNDING

President Donald Trump speaks to the media as he arrives at Glasgow Prestwick Airport on July 25, 2025, in Prestwick, Scotland. (Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)

Advertisement

The bill, which Lee introduced alongside Rep. Andy Ogles, R-Tenn., has not made it out of committee since being dropped in February. But Trump’s highlight of an attack against former DOGE staffer Edward Coristine, also known as «Big Balls,» has resurrected the discussion.

«The Constitution already federalizes D.C.,» Lee said on X. «We just need Congress to do its job — and reassert its lawmaking power over our nation’s capital city. My bill, the BOWSER Act, would do that.»

Fox News Digital reached out to Lee for further comment.

Advertisement

SENATE REPUBLICANS LAUNCH CRACKDOWN ON DC PERMITTING ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS, NONCITIZENS TO VOTE IN ELECTIONS

Sen. Mike Lee

Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah., arrives for the Senate Republicans leadership election in the Capitol on Nov. 13, 2024. (Bill Clark/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images)

Lee’s bill would effectively repeal the District of Columbia Home Rule Act, a law passed in the 1970s that established a city council and mayor and reduced the amount of oversight that Congress has over the city and its affairs.

But calls have grown by lawmakers over the years to increase Congress’ oversight of the city, largely centered on concerns over increased crime and criticisms of attempts to rewrite the District’s criminal code.

Advertisement

And Trump jumped into the discourse, too, threatening that if «D.C. doesn’t get its act together, and quickly, we will have no choice but to take Federal control of the City.»

«Perhaps it should have been done a long time ago, then this incredible young man, and so many others, would not have had to go through the horrors of Violent Crime,» Trump said on his social media platform, Truth Social. «If this continues, I am going to exert my powers, and FEDERALIZE this City.»

Fox News reached out to Bowser’s office for comment but did not immediately hear back.

Advertisement

‘SHOULD HAVE BEEN PREPARED’: GOP SENATORS FIGHT FOR UNIFIED MESSAGE ON TRUMP’S ‘BIG, BEAUTIFUL BILL’

D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser

DC Mayor Muriel Bowser speaks at a news conference on Capitol Hill in Washington on March 10, 2025. (AP Photo/Ben Curtis)

Zack Smith, a senior legal fellow at The Heritage Foundation and a former prosecutor, told Fox News Digital that in the past, the D.C. council has pushed «policies that have made it much more difficult for law enforcement, for prosecutors, to do their jobs and keep citizens safe.»

Bowser and the D.C. Council have, for several years, worked to update the District’s criminal code. However, changes to the code that would have severely lowered sentencing for a variety of crimes that were at first vetoed by Bowser were on the precipice of becoming law before Congress and former President Joe Biden overrode the reforms.

Advertisement

CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP

Smith noted that Congress still has the authority to legislate the District, meaning that lawmakers and the federal government are «still the backstop,» and that both Trump and Lee were right to call for a «reevaluation of the District’s status.»

«That’s why Congress was able to step in and overturn that proposed radical rewrite of the Criminal Code,» he said. «And so what the BOWSER Act would actually do, if it repeals home rule, it would essentially change the way the local D.C. government functions. It might involve Congress and the Federal Government taking a more direct role.»

Advertisement

«I think there is broad and in some ways bipartisan consensus that the current system in D.C. is not working as it should,» he continued. 

politics,doge,donald trump

Continue Reading

INTERNACIONAL

Vicente Palermo y el desafío existencial de sus nuevos relatos

Published

on


Vicente Palermo combina imaginación y realidad en cuentos que invitan a la reflexión

El matadero municipal se extendía en un inmenso rectángulo a las afueras de la diminuta ciudad. Sus muros le eran familiares porque acostumbraba aproximarse a ellos en sus caminatas diarias. Fue a la sombra de los mismos que Auguste Menard tomó ese día su decisión: dejaría de ser un contemporáneo. Radicalmente enfadado con el presente, el futuro le atraía todavía menos, en su estólida previsibilidad. No le quedaba, entonces, sino sumergirse en el pasado. No se trataba de viajar por el tiempo, odiaba la ciencia ficción. Dejar de ser un contemporáneo consistiría en construir las condiciones de su vida en un pasado o, en otras palabras, en forjarse un nuevo presente.

Una dura tarea. Debía lograr la proeza de que su mente se tornara plenamente contemporánea al pasado elegido, para que este se constituyera en su nuevo presente. Debería empezar forzosamente por decidir el punto en el sistema de coordenadas espacio-tiempo. Lazos de familia habían hecho que él dominara con soltura la lengua francesa; fundadas razones lo llevaron a escoger los años inmediatamente posteriores a la Comuna de París como su nuevo presente (cuando el levantamiento aplastado no era, todavía, un compendio de ingenuidades sino la raíz del futuro). De esa manera, Menard zafaba también de uno de los principales escollos percibidos: recrear las percepciones pictóricas europeas anteriores a Francisco de Goya estaba más allá de sus capacidades. Además, eso le permitiría disfrutar de los excelentes vinos españoles, del rioja sobre todo, como el Marques de Riscal, descubiertos en la Exposición de París de 1871 (sí, siempre había llamado su atención esa fecha, su proximidad con Thiers y los comuneros).

Advertisement

Pero no lo haría en el escenario de la Comuna sino en las ricas tierras viñateras de Bordeaux, lejos también de esta ciudad, más cerca de Pau, donde su padre, un austríaco que había consagrado su vida a los negocios, había edificado el inmenso solar en el que siempre había vivido.

La serie de cuentos de
La serie de cuentos de Vicente Palermo permite experiencias literarias que transitan entre lo real y lo imaginario

De sus contados amigos se despidió diciéndoles que, puesto que habría de olvidarlos, no los extrañaría. Perplejos, se resistieron vacilantes al adiós.

Precisaba una mucama capaz de fungir como su único contacto con el mundo exterior. Examinó varias candidatas, pero las descartó porque todas hablaban con el fuerte acento meridional que había terminado de contaminar la región apenas 50 años atrás, obra de silenciosas migraciones internas. Cuando se presentó una muda, que además parecía en extremo despierta, Menard no dudó en contratarla.

Eliminó todos los vestigios de modernidad aún presentes en el interior de su casa. Reemplazó viejas fotografías por daguerrotipos, pistolas vetustas por trabucos arcaicos, un Pissarro de 1891 por una panoplia, y el acostumbrado artefacto en que se sentaba diariamente por una letrina. Un nuevo tipo de salero diseñado a principios del siglo XX, y que mucho apreciaba, conoció la misma suerte ingrata que la radio a galena. Se desprendió de su guarda ropas, por entero, y lo reemplazó por un puñado de indumentarias antiguas que la diligente criada silenciosa supo conseguir. Una vez hecho todo esto y mucho más, advirtió lo que ya sabía de antemano: había cumplido con una porción ínfima de su trabajo. Aquello que ahora le esperaba era lo más arduo: procesos mentales cuya complejidad intuía pero que nunca había recorrido.

Advertisement

Supo desde el comienzo que habría de resignarse a una fuerte incoherencia, porque ¿cómo construir las condiciones de su nuevo presente subjetivo sin apelar a materiales de su presente biológico, el único que había adquirido al nacer? A menos que su inmersión en el pasado significara un drástico embrutecimiento, cosa a la que no estaba dispuesto a resignarse, habría de hacer transacciones. Si quería, digamos, leer cotidianamente las ediciones de Le Figaro desde 1871, precisaría valerse de medios técnicos inexistentes en esa fecha. Si deseaba mantener a raya las enfermedades que asediaban su precaria salud física, debía contar con medicamentos que se crearían sólo bastante después de los tiempos de la guerra franco prusiana. Menard salió al cruce de esta fuerte impugnación diciéndose a sí mismo que, al fin y al cabo, los seres humanos se movían en una incoherencia semejante ya que vivían permanentemente, aunque por lo general sin saberlo, en el pasado y el presente al mismo tiempo. Lo que más le dolió fue quemar una parte sustancial de su biblioteca, que quedó reducida a unas decenas de libros, malamente incrementadas por unos cuántos más que pudo adquirir a intrigados libreros. Incineró inclusive ediciones recientes de autores antiguos, en la esperanza de hacer más rigurosa su recomposición mental.

"Alexanderplatz" es uno de los
«Alexanderplatz» es uno de los relatos destacados del libro «Venus en cuarentena» de Vicente Palermo

Pero le faltaba sortear un nuevo obstáculo; sabía él que, quien vive en el presente, tiene por delante un futuro abierto, y su voluntad puede incidir en el curso de los acontecimientos. Esto no sucede con quien vive en el pasado, ya que sus futuros en verdad no lo son, ya están determinados, por definición no dispone de opciones a su arbitrio. ¿Se trataría, el suyo, entonces, de un vivir en un pseudo presente, un presente ajeno a la condición humana? A esta poderosa refutación de su emprendimiento, Menard se respondió que esa libertad está a disposición de apenas una por millón, quizás por cien millones, de personas, los hombres extraordinarios, y él no pretendía para sí sino el pasado y el futuro de un hombre común, ya que no se sentía otra cosa. No pretendía tener la menor influencia sobre los hechos futuros en circunstancia alguna, ni traspasar el límite de una sabiduría moral estrictamente contemplativa. Su objeción, por tanto, estaba salvada.

Con todo, la muralla más formidable que se interponía entre Menard y su nuevo presente, era otra: la persistencia soberana del recuerdo. Que los hombres sabían olvidar era una constatación más bien deprimente en todo tiempo y lugar, pero él no precisaba de esa forma de olvido, sino de una mucho más radical. No precisaba borrar la memoria de los hechos, precisaba apagar los propios hechos. No necesitaba eliminar el recuerdo de las atrocidades de la batalla de Solferino, sino a la batalla misma.

Pero el aprendizaje del olvido no habría de consistir meramente en un ejercicio lineal, destinado a devorar una larga sucesión de hechos, sino también en un apagar de las huellas que los acontecimientos habían impreso en la percepción y el significado de acontecimientos anteriores. Era para Menard inaceptable sentar sus reales en 1871 y mantener una lectura de la Revolucion Francesa influida por las grandes contribuciones historiográficas desde fines del siglo XIX. O juzgar los primeros pasos del colonialismo europeo en África a la luz de la confrontación interinperialista de la Gran Guerra.

Advertisement
La Comuna de París en
La Comuna de París en 1871 (Foto: Archivo Nacional Francia)

Recorrer ese camino resultó, sin embargo, menos penoso de lo que había sospechado. A medida en que más se enfrascaba en su nuevo mundo más eficientemente funcionaba el aparato cognitivo que destruía secuencias enteras de acontecimientos y las reemplazaba por otras; poco a poco, el olvido como fatigoso ejercicio volitivo fue dando paso a una práctica más impensada, que al cabo descansó completamente en esferas no conscientes de su campo mental. Cuando esto ocurrió, y el avance del olvido se tornó incontenible, ya no percibia, naturalmente, lo lejos que había llegado. Se había olvidado de olvidar, puesto que su mente olvidaba sola, y todo lo que había olvidado descansaba, más bien yacía en estratos abisales de su cerebro, desde los que no podía emitir ni siquiera la señal del esfuerzo atroz realizado para hundirlo en ellos. Jugó a su favor, en lo que se refiere a su vida personal, que ésta, sostenida en una sólida fortuna familiar, estaba casi completamente desprovista de episodios que pudieran tener algún interés ni para él mismo; personalmente no tenia nada que olvidar, en otras palabras.

Cuando su nuevo presente entró en régimen, no persistían en el talud su mente ni los vestigios de su mundo anterior y, blindado por un aislamiento sin fisuras, disfrutó algunos años de paz. Decididamente encontraba ese presente más confortable, aunque, víctima de su propio éxito, Menard ya no podía compararlo con ningún otro. Esa precaria felicidad no podía durar por siempre, porque se edificaba en base a una paradoja: la reducción de su vida privada a una reclusión absoluta amplificaba el impacto de las noticias del mundo exterior del pasado-presente, que le llegaban por medio de los periódicos de época y algunas otras fuentes que su perspicaz servidora supo conseguir, o inventar.

Un día se descubrió a sí mismo vomitando; tras Cuba y Filipinas, se le antojaba incontenible el ascenso de los Estados Unidos en el concierto internacional y con ello inexorable la extinción del mundo del espíritu en el que había creído vivir. Fue un punto de inflexión; la atmósfera decadente de la Belle Epoque, y la creciente degradación de la familia imperial rusa – en la que Menard había cifrado confusas esperanzas –, completaron un cuadro que se llenaba cada vez más de hechos abrumadores. Lo invadió una repugnancia que lo deprimió profundamente. Estuvo meses envuelto en un recóndito desasosiego, arrojado a un laberinto del que, finalmente, encontró la salida saltando sus paredes.

Se daba cuenta de que jamás en su vida había tomado una decisión tan importante. Ésta lo impulsaba hacia un mundo desconocido, y para llegar a él, habría de internarse por senderos nunca pisados. Dejaría de ser un contemporáneo.

Advertisement

Continue Reading

LO MAS LEIDO

Tendencias