INTERNACIONAL
Prohibí los celulares en mi clase: a mis alumnos les encantó

(Imagen Ilustrativa Infobae)
He impartido el mismo curso a estudiantes de licenciatura, MBA, medicina y enfermería cada año durante más de una década. Si bien no cambié mis clases ni mi estilo de enseñanza, las evaluaciones de los estudiantes sobre la clase del año pasado fueron mejores que nunca:
“Este curso me enseñó más que cualquier otro que haya aprendido en Penn…”
“El mejor curso que he tomado.”
“¡¡Una clase increíble!!”
De todas las reseñas, solo una fue negativa. Pero no se trata de presumir; no creo que estos comentarios reflejen nada sobre mí ni sobre mi capacidad docente. Enseño básicamente de la misma manera que lo he hecho durante años.
Entonces, ¿qué cambió? Prohibí todos los teléfonos celulares y la toma de notas en el aula, con la excepción de que los estudiantes podían usar un dispositivo si escribían con un lápiz óptico. Al principio, mis estudiantes se mostraron escépticos, por no decir totalmente opuestos. Pero después de un par de semanas, reconocieron que les había ido mejor: podían absorber y retener mejor la información y disfrutar más de las clases.
Mi política exigía que los teléfonos estuvieran apagados y, lo que era más importante, que no estuvieran a la vista en los escritorios. Permití que los estudiantes que esperaban llamadas urgentes (por ejemplo, de su pareja a punto de tener un bebé) tuvieran un teléfono móvil disponible durante la clase.
Las sesiones de clase se graban y las transcripciones de las conferencias están disponibles en cualquier momento después de la clase para los estudiantes con adaptaciones académicas o aquellos que quieran repasarlas nuevamente.
Mis 40 años de intuición pedagógica me indican que este cambio redujo la distracción y la participación de los estudiantes. Creo que los hizo más atentos y satisfechos con el aprendizaje.
Asociar la política de no usar dispositivos digitales con las altas calificaciones del curso es solo una intuición, pero concuerda con los datos disponibles sobre los efectos de tomar apuntes en la computadora en la retención del material de clase y el impacto de los teléfonos celulares, incluso apagados, en la calidad y la satisfacción de las interacciones interpersonales.
Para ayudar a difundir esta política, presenté en la primera clase del curso un estudio que demostraba que los estudiantes que debían tomar apuntes a mano retenían mucha más información que los que usaban computadoras. La razón es que con las computadoras, los estudiantes pueden escribir tan rápido como yo hablo y se esfuerzan por obtener transcripciones textuales, pero casi no procesan mentalmente el contenido de la clase. Por el contrario, prácticamente nadie puede escribir a mano 125 palabras por minuto durante 90 minutos. Por lo tanto, las notas manuscritas requieren un procesamiento mental simultáneo para determinar los puntos importantes que deben registrarse. Este procesamiento codifica el material en el cerebro de forma diferente y facilita la retención a largo plazo.
Los datos sobre el efecto distractor de los teléfonos móviles, incluso cuando están boca abajo y apagados, son contundentes. En un estudio, los investigadores reclutaron a 520 estudiantes universitarios a quienes se les exigió que tuvieran desactivadas las funciones de timbre y vibración de sus teléfonos durante las clases. Los miembros de un grupo colocaron sus teléfonos boca abajo sobre sus escritorios. Los miembros de un segundo grupo los guardaron en bolsos o bolsillos. Los miembros de un tercer grupo guardaron sus teléfonos en otra habitación. Posteriormente, todos los estudiantes se sometieron a pruebas cognitivas para evaluar la concentración y la atención.
Una prueba evaluó su capacidad para resolver problemas matemáticos mientras seguían secuencias de letras generadas aleatoriamente. Otra consistía en resolver problemas novedosos, como completar un patrón. Los estudiantes obtuvieron peores resultados en ambas pruebas cuando los teléfonos estaban sobre los escritorios, peores cuando se guardaban en bolsos o bolsillos y mejores resultados cuando se guardaban en otra habitación.
Curiosamente, al preguntarles, los estudiantes informaron no percibir ninguna diferencia en los pensamientos relacionados con el teléfono, independientemente de su ubicación. Los investigadores del estudio argumentaron que «la mera presencia del teléfono inteligente reduce la capacidad cognitiva disponible, incluso cuando no se usa». En otras palabras: los teléfonos inteligentes no nos hacen más inteligentes. De hecho, todo lo contrario.
La presencia de teléfonos inteligentes también perjudica la calidad de las interacciones sociales en persona. En otro estudio, investigadores de la Columbia Británica pidieron a un grupo de personas que fueran a un restaurante con familiares o amigos. A algunos se les permitió dejar sus teléfonos sobre la mesa durante la comida; a otros no. Quienes dejaron sus teléfonos sobre la mesa se distrajeron más y tuvieron menos posibilidades de conectar con sus compañeros de mesa, incluso cuando no los usaban. Los comensales que tenían sus teléfonos en la mesa también reportaron mayor aburrimiento y menor disfrute de la experiencia gastronómica.
Estos son argumentos sólidos para prohibir los teléfonos y las computadoras portátiles en las escuelas: en el aula, en la cafetería, durante el recreo y en otros momentos de la jornada escolar. Afortunadamente, estos datos han impulsado nuevas políticas en todo el país. Hasta abril, 11 estados habían promulgado prohibiciones o restricciones estatales sobre el uso o acceso a teléfonos móviles en escuelas públicas desde preescolar hasta bachillerato. Otros estados tienen legislación pendiente para prohibir o restringir el uso o acceso a teléfonos de los estudiantes en la escuela.
Esta tendencia no se ha extendido en las universidades. Mis búsquedas solo han encontrado una pequeña universidad, Wyoming Catholic College, que ha prohibido los teléfonos móviles en el aula. Si bien la mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios son adultos, la neurociencia nos enseña que no son biológicamente adultos. Sus cortezas prefrontales, la parte del cerebro que controla la planificación, la función ejecutiva y la toma de riesgos, no están completamente desarrolladas. A veces tienen poco juicio, actúan impulsivamente y toman decisiones que perjudican sus relaciones sociales y su aprendizaje. Esa es una de las razones por las que la educación de los estudiantes, especialmente de los universitarios, se confía a profesores y líderes universitarios.
Lo que realmente me gustaría es que todas las aulas universitarias recibieran un trato similar al de las instalaciones de información confidencial compartimentada (SCIF) de la Casa Blanca y otros edificios gubernamentales: los teléfonos no están permitidos y se guardan bajo llave en cubículos fuera de cada aula. Los estudiantes tendrían que dejar sus teléfonos antes de clase y recogerlos después. Idealmente, los profesores podrían optar por no aplicar esta política, especialmente si los teléfonos u otros dispositivos móviles fueran parte integral del proceso educativo y el contenido de la clase.
Ciertamente no soy el único. Recientemente me enteré de que mi clase no era la única en la Universidad de Pensilvania que prohibía los teléfonos celulares. Al menos un profesor de filosofía en el campus también prohíbe los teléfonos en su clase. Y en una clase de religión titulada “Vivir deliberadamente: Monjes, santos y la vida contemplativa”, se les pide a los estudiantes que renuncien a sus teléfonos durante 30 días como parte de la experiencia de la vida monástica.
Si se prohibieran ampliamente los teléfonos y las computadoras en las clases, los estudiantes podrían aprender más en clase, estar más dispuestos a expresarse, interactuar con mayor fluidez y sentirse más realizados. Retrocedamos a los buenos tiempos, hace casi dos décadas, cuando los estudiantes solo tenían teléfonos plegables y aprendían más.
© The New York Times 2025.
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«Acabo de salir del infierno», el crudo relato del argentino-israelí sobre la cárcel en Venezuela, su liberación y un cara a cara con Diosdado Cabello

El infierno, según Yaacob
El cara a cara con Diosdado Cabello
El recibimiento en Tel Aviv
INTERNACIONAL
Tax fight puts California on collision course as billionaires leave for red states

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California’s fight over taxes and regulation is colliding with a broader economic shift, as wealthy residents and entrepreneurs take their money elsewhere — delivering a windfall of capital, jobs and taxpayers to red-state competitors.
That shift is already visible in migration patterns across the country.
From 2021 to 2024, Texas and Florida posted the largest net population gains, while California and several northeastern states recorded some of the steepest losses, according to IRS and U.S. Census Bureau data.
CALIFORNIA WEALTH TAX PROPOSAL HEMORRHAGES $1T AS BILLIONAIRES FLEE
Those migration trends are now colliding with a political fight over how the Golden State taxes its wealthiest residents.
At the center of the controversy is a proposed ballot initiative backed by the Service Employees International Union that would impose a one-time 5% wealth tax on Californians with assets exceeding $1 billion, including unrealized gains.
If the measure qualifies for the November ballot and is approved by voters, it would apply retroactively to anyone who lived in California as of Jan. 1, 2026.
Supporters say the measure would boost funding for healthcare and education, while critics warn it could drive investment and talent out of the state.
California Gov. Gavin Newsom has recently said he opposes the Billionaire Tax Act. (Wally Skalij/Los Angeles Times/Getty Images)
Those concerns come as income migration data already shows money moving out of several traditionally blue states.
IRS figures indicate several traditionally blue states losing billions of dollars in adjusted gross income — the income used to calculate federal taxes — as residents move to lower-tax states, particularly across the South and Sun Belt.
CONSERVATIVE STATES SEE LOWER INFLATION THAN LIBERAL ONES NATIONWIDE, WHITE HOUSE DATA SHOWS
Steve Moore, co-founder of Unleash Prosperity, said California’s tax base will continue to erode as more high-profile tech billionaires relocate ahead of the proposed wealth tax.
«California’s tax base took a massive hit at the end of last year. Silicon Valley billionaires left the state, taking their wealth and future wealth with them,» Moore said, attributing those moves to the proposed 2026 Billionaire Tax Act, which targets the state’s ultra-wealthy.
«These business tycoons are running to states like Florida and Texas because of lower taxes, economic freedom and future economic prosperity,» he said, describing it as «voting with their feet.»
«It is common sense for business leaders to pick places for future financial success rather than economic suffocation,» he added.
MAMDANI’S RISE IN NYC MIRRORS ECONOMIC FLIGHT TO THE SOUTH, STUDY SHOWS

California Gov. Gavin Newsom said the wealth tax should be handled at the national level. (Bill Pugliano/Getty Images)
California Gov. Gavin Newsom has also come out against the proposed wealth tax, warning it could backfire even as he defends the state’s existing progressive tax system.
«For months, I’ve been fighting this, because it’s exactly what I feared would happen — and now it has. This is something I’ve been warning about for years,» Newsom told The New York Times.
Newsom said he has long opposed the measure and believes taxing the ultra-wealthy should be addressed at the national level rather than state by state.
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Texas Gov. Greg Abbott’s office told Fox News Digital that he will continue welcoming businesses and residents fleeing California to his state. (David Paul Morris/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
Even as Newsom raises alarms, Republican governors in Florida and Texas say they are already benefiting from businesses and residents leaving California.
Texas Gov. Greg Abbott’s office echoed that sentiment, saying the state continues to draw companies seeking lower taxes and a lighter regulatory environment.
«People and businesses vote with their feet, and they are continually choosing to move to Texas more than any other state,» Abbott spokesman Andrew Mahaleris said.
He added that Texas’ lack of corporate and personal income taxes and its predictable regulatory climate have made it an attractive destination for companies weighing a move out of California.
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis called the California proposal «economic insanity.»
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Republican senator condemns alleged Syrian army abuses as ceasefire follows Aleppo fighting

Trump to meet with Syrian president at White House
The Shadow Warriors Project founder Mark Geist joined ‘Fox & Friends First’ to discuss Ahmed al‑Sharaa’s White House visit and how the bilateral ties could impact the ability of the U.S. to fight terror abroad and more.
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The chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee pressed the Syrian government to hold perpetrators accountable amid accusations of grave human rights violations within Syria’s army during the seizure of two Kurdish neighborhoods in Aleppo. Some reports claim jihadist-aligned members of the army were responsible for the abuses.
Jim Risch, R-Idaho., wrote on Tuesday on X that «I am gravely concerned about the conduct of armed forces in Aleppo, Syria, over the past week and urge the government to hold accountable those who committed these egregious acts. After years of war, the role of Syria’s new government and armed forces is to safeguard the inherent rights of its citizens, not to infringe upon them.»
Risch responded to an X Post from the Syrian Network condemning the desecration of a woman’s body in Aleppo, where it was thrown from a high floor by a member of the Syrian Army.
DEADLY STRIKE ON US TROOPS TESTS TRUMP’S COUNTER-ISIS PLAN — AND HIS TRUST IN SYRIA’S NEW LEADER
Columns of smoke rise from the site of artillery shelling that targeted the area near Aleppo’s Abdelrahman Mosque on Jan. 8, 2026, amid intense clashes between government forces and the Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) forces. Syria’s military warned civilians in two besieged Kurdish neighborhoods in the city of Aleppo to leave on Dec. 8, as it prepared to conduct a fresh wave of strikes targeting Kurdish positions. Thousands have already fled the area following clashes between the army and Kurdish-led forces that have killed more than a dozen people. (Omar Haj Kadour / AFP via Getty Images)
On Tuesday, Adm. Brad Cooper, the commander of CENTCOM, appealed «to all parties to exercise maximum restraint» in the Aleppo area.
After days of intense clashes, Syrian army forces controlled by the former U.S. designated terrorist Ahmed al-Sharaa, who was previously a member of the terrorist movements al-Qaeda and the Islamic State, seized two neighborhoods (Sheikh Maqsood and Ashrafiyeh) on Sunday in the city of Aleppo, where members of the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces, or SDF were based.
The SDF played a critical role in aiding U.S. forces to defeat the Islamic State in Syria.
ISRAEL SHUTS DOOR ON TURKEY IN GAZA AS TRUMP PRAISES ERDOGAN, PLAYS DOWN CLASH
Mazloum Abdi, the leader of the SDF, wrote on X that an agreement via international mediation had cemented the evacuation of Syrian Kurds from the two districts in Aleppo.
Abdi wrote that, «With mediation by international parties to halt the attacks and violations against our people in Aleppo, we have reached an understanding that leads to a ceasefire and ensures the evacuation of the martyrs, wounded, stranded civilians and fighters from the Ashrafiyeh and Sheikh Maqsood neighborhoods [in northern Aleppo] to North and East Syria [Rojava],» according to the Kurdish news organization Rudaw.
The U.S. Ambassador to Turkey, Tom Barrack, who also serves as the Special Envoy for Syria, wrote on X on Saturday after the Aleppo ceasefire agreement was apparently reached, that he met with President «al-Sharaa, Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani, and members of their team in Damascus to discuss recent developments in Aleppo and the broader path forward for Syria’s historic transition.»

Soldiers of the Syrian army in the entrance of Sheik Maksoud neighborhood during continuing fighting between the Syrian forces and the SDF on Jan. 10, 2026 in Aleppo, Syria. A ceasefire announced yesterday did not take hold as fighting continued between the Syrian army and Kurdish fighters in the Ashrafieh and Sheikh Maqsoud neighborhoods of Aleppo. Overnight, the army announced that it had completed a security sweep of the Sheikh Maqsoud neighborhood. (Adri Salido/Getty Image)
He added, «The Syrian government has reaffirmed its commitment to the March 2025 integration agreement with the SDF, which provides a framework for incorporating SDF forces into national institutions in a manner that preserves Kurdish rights and strengthens Syria’s unity and sovereignty.»
Wladimir van Wilgenburg, a Kurdish studies expert, told Fox News Digital prior to the Syrian army ousting SDF from Aleppo districts that, «Kurds suspect that Turkey is pushing Damascus to push out Kurdish forces from Aleppo to give a major blow to the SDF, so that they will make more concessions to Damascus and make the Kurdish negotiation position weaker.
«Ankara wants the SDF to integrate into the Syrian army on an individual basis, not as separate divisions,» van Wilgenburg said. He added, «Moreover, the SDF wants a decentralized system, while Damascus wants a centralized system. The Kurds have decided to make a stand in Aleppo. The current situation could spark a widespread conflict that could undermine Trump’s policy of creating sustainable peace in the Middle East.»
ISRAEL AND SYRIA RESUME DIPLOMATIC DIALOGUE AFTER MONTHS OF SILENCE UNDER US MEDIATION

Tom Barrack met with the Syrian president on behalf of the United States on Saturday, Jan 10, 2025 (@USAMBTurkiye via X)
The Aleppo health directorate said at least 24 civilians were killed and more than 120 people were injured during five days of clashes.
The government of Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan views the Syrian Kurds as a threat to Turkey because many Kurdish organizations across the region seek an independent state that would include a part of Turkey, where there is a large Kurdish population. Erdogan has over the years launched devastating attacks on the Kurds in northern Syrian.
Retired four-star Army general Jack Keane previously told Fox News’ Mark Levin on «Life, Liberty & Levin» that President Trump during his first term was able to stop Erdogan’s attacks on the Syrian Kurds.
The General Command of the SDF issued a statement last week, stating «We warn that the continuation of this aggression against civilians will lead to serious repercussions that will not be limited to Sheikh Maqsoud and Ashrafieh or to the city of Aleppo alone, but will risk plunging all of Syria back into an open battlefield. Full responsibility for this will rest with those who persist in choosing the use of force against civilians.»
Al-Sharaa‘s rule over the past year has seen radical Islamist forces aligned with his army engage in massacres of a range of Syrian minority groups, from Alawites to the Druze. Radical Islamists have also murdered Syrian Christians.
Sinam Mohamad, the representative of the Syrian Democratic Council to the U.S., told Fox News Digital that a «decentralized system will save Syria from any or conflict in the future.» She said «We regret foreign influence» in Syria, noting that «Turkey still has influence on Damascus.» She said that Turkey seeks to «provoke» in Syria, citing the recent attacks in Aleppo.

Rebel forces seized Mengh Airbase and the city of Tel Rifaat in the Aleppo countryside on Dec. 1, 2024, following clashes with the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and Syrian regime forces. (Photo by Rami Alsayed/NurPhoto via Getty Images) (Photo by Rami Alsayed/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
Mohammad said the Syrian Kurds have a «negotiating committee to discuss the autonomous government in northeastern Syria. We also have women units in the SDF who have been fighting against ISIS.» She asked what is the «future of women in the army» in Syria? «Damascus does not want women units in the army. In Israel, they have women in the army.»
She said this part of the negotiations with al-Sharaa’s government with respect to the March 2025 agreement reached between the SDF and the Syrian regime.
Van Wilgenburg said, «The clashes began after the latest negotiations between the Kurds and Damascus over the implementation of the March 10 agreement did not produce any results. Damascus earlier verbally agreed on three SDF divisions, but there were remaining discussions and different view points over command and control. The last meeting took place on Jan. 4 in Damascus.»

FILE: Mazloum Abdi (Kobani), commander-in-chief of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), meets with the Raqa civil council in Syria’s northeastern city of Hasakeh on Nov. 1, 2020. (Delil Souleiman/AFP via Getty Images)
According to the SDF, «the neighborhoods of Sheikh Maqsoud and Ashrafieh have been under complete siege by factions of the Damascus government for more than six months. These neighborhoods do not, under any circumstances, constitute a military threat, nor can they serve as a launching point for any attack on the city of Aleppo.»
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The statement added that, «The allegations promoted by bloodthirsty circles within Damascus-affiliated factions, claiming the existence of intent or military movement by our forces from these neighborhoods, are false and fabricated. They are used as a pretext to justify the siege, shelling and massacres committed against civilians.»
Fox News Digital reached out numerous times to the spokesperson for Turkey’s embassy in Washington D.C. as well as the U.S. State Department.
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