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Un nuevo estudio logró identificar el origen de la sequía en la Amazonía

Durante décadas, la estación seca de la selva amazónica ha sido cada vez más seca. Un nuevo estudio, publicado el martes, descubrió que alrededor del 75 por ciento de la disminución de las precipitaciones está directamente relacionada con la deforestación.
El estudio, publicado en Nature Communications, también descubrió que la pérdida de árboles era en parte responsable del aumento del calor en la Amazonía. Desde 1985, los días más calurosos de la Amazonía han incrementado unos 2 grados Celsius. Según los investigadores, alrededor del 16 por ciento de este aumento se debió a la deforestación.
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Marco Franco, profesor adjunto de la Universidad de São Paulo, quien dirigió el estudio, dijo que le habían sorprendido los resultados. “Esperábamos que la deforestación fuera un factor determinante, pero no tanto”, dijo. “Nos dice mucho sobre lo que ocurre en el bioma”.
Amazonía, el pulmón de la Tierra
A menudo se llama a la selva amazónica los pulmones de la Tierra porque sus árboles ayudan a regular el clima global al absorber el dióxido de carbono que calienta el planeta. Pero décadas de talas y quemas a gran escala en la selva han cambiado recientemente esta situación, y algunas partes de la región se han convertido en productoras netas de gases de efecto invernadero.
La Amazonía también dirige los patrones climáticos regionales. Sus árboles extraen agua del suelo y, mediante un proceso conocido como transpiración, liberan esa humedad a través de los diminutos poros de sus hojas. Hay cientos de miles de millones de árboles en la cuenca del Amazonas, y se calcula que el agua que liberan colectivamente al aire aporta más del 40 por ciento de todas las precipitaciones de la región. En 2024, más de 16 millones de hectáreas de selva amazónica se convirtieron en humo por los incendios forestales (Foto: AdobeStock).
“Puedes imaginar un árbol como una gran bomba de agua”, dijo Callum Smith, investigador postdoctoral de la Universidad de Leeds, en Inglaterra, que estudia la deforestación tropical y no participó en el estudio de Nature Communications. “Si talas un árbol, reduces la humedad que va a la atmósfera”.
En 2023, Smith dirigió un estudio que empleaba grandes conjuntos de datos de satélite para comprender mejor la relación entre la deforestación y la disminución de las precipitaciones. Dijo que los científicos conocen este efecto desde hace tiempo, pero que los cambios meteorológicos no siempre aparecen en el mismo lugar que la deforestación, lo que hace que las relaciones sean difíciles de cuantificar.
El nuevo estudio, dijo Smith, utilizó métodos analíticos sofisticados y representó un paso adelante en el conocimiento.
El clima de la Amazonía cambió
Luiz Machado, profesor de clima y meteorología de la Universidad de São Paulo y uno de los autores del nuevo estudio, dijo que “todo el mundo sabe” que el clima de la Amazonía ha cambiado debido al cambio climático y a la deforestación. Pero hasta ahora, dijo, “nadie sabía exactamente a qué contribuía cada una de estas cosas”.
El estudio analizó 29 secciones de la cuenca amazónica dentro de las fronteras de Brasil y utilizó grandes conjuntos de datos de satélite para separar influencias como la evolución de los paisajes, el cambio climático y los cambios en las condiciones meteorológicas entre 1985 y 2020.
Aunque Franco y Machado descubrieron que la deforestación había provocado el 74,5 por ciento de la disminución de las precipitaciones en toda la cuenca, subrayaron que se trataba solo del promedio. Las regiones con mayor deforestación sufrieron mayores pérdidas de precipitaciones, señalaron.
En los trópicos, el año se divide en dos estaciones: seca y húmeda
El estudio constató que la deforestación provocaba pérdidas de precipitaciones en ambas estaciones. Pero como el efecto en la estación seca era mucho más pronunciado, dijeron los investigadores, decidieron centrarse en ese periodo. (A efectos del estudio, la definición de estación seca variaba según las zonas. En todo el país, se considera generalmente que va de junio a noviembre).
Incluso durante la estación seca, los ecosistemas dependen de la lluvia. “Como broma, solíamos decir que la estación lluviosa en la Amazonía era cuando llovía todo el día, y que en la estación seca en la Amazonía llovía todos los días”, dijo Machado. “Pero eso ya no es cierto”.
Menos precipitaciones no solo significan menos agua para las plantas y los animales. A medida que la selva se vuelve más seca, se vuelve más propensa a los incendios forestales, que, a su vez, eliminan más árboles. La región se ha visto asolada por la agricultura de roza y quema, en la que se utilizan los incendios para despejar grandes extensiones de tierra para la ganadería y la agricultura. A veces, estos incendios arden fuera de control.
En 2024, más de 16 millones de hectáreas de selva amazónica se convirtieron en humo. Y en el primer semestre de 2025, según las observaciones de la agencia espacial brasileña, la deforestación ya era un 27 por ciento mayor que en el mismo periodo del año anterior. Se trata de un circuito de retroalimentación que amenaza con mantener el descenso de las precipitaciones, afirman los investigadores.
Y no solo sufren los ecosistemas salvajes. Los mayores centros agrícolas de Brasil son directamente adyacentes a la Amazonía. Los investigadores dijeron que la pluviosidad adecuada para los cultivos de estas regiones también requiere una selva sana.
Leé también: La selva del Amazonas podría convertirse en una sabana
Los agricultores de estados como Mato Grosso, dijo Franco, ya están perdiendo cosechas por la sequía. En 2024, el estado pasó 150 días seguidos sin lluvia.
“Si no llueve, no llueve para cultivar en Brasil”, dijo. “Esto no es algo para el futuro. Esto ya está ocurriendo ahora”.
(*) Sachi Kitajima Mulkey cubre el clima y el medioambiente para el Times.
Amazonia, Sequía
INTERNACIONAL
Shapiro fires back at DHS, says truck driver accused in deadly crash had legal status in database

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Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro’s team is disputing the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) assertions about the immigration status of a semi-truck driver involved in a crash that left four dead in Indiana. The driver was taken into U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody after a detainer was placed on him.
DHS said the driver, Bekzhan Beishekeev, a 30-year-old national of Kyrgyzstan, came into the U.S. «illegally» using the controversial CBP One app and was later issued a commercial driver’s license (CDL) in Pennsylvania. The department confirmed to Fox News that Beishekeev entered the country on Dec. 19, 2023, at the Nogales, Ariz., port of entry, using the CBP One app and was released into the U.S. via parole by the Biden administration.
«Not only was Bekzhan Beishekeev released into our country by the Biden administration using the CBP One app, but he was also given a commercial driver’s license by Governor Shapiro’s Pennsylvania. These decisions have had deadly consequences and led to the death of four innocent people in Indiana on Tuesday,» DHS Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin said in a statement.
McLaughlin then called on «sanctuary» governors to stop issuing CDLs to illegal immigrants «before another American gets killed.»
SEMI-TRUCK DRIVER HELD ON ICE DETAINER AFTER 4 KILLED IN HEAD-ON CRASH
Bekzhan Beishekeev, a 30-year-old national of Kyrgyzstan, was allegedly involved in a crash that left four dead. (Fox News/DHS)
Shapiro’s office argues that Beishekeev had legal status when he was issued the license in July 2025 and that he could still be eligible under a DHS database to receive one.
«Every person who applies for a non-domiciled commercial driver’s license issued by PennDOT must provide proof of identify and proof of their legal presence in the United States. That information is verified by the federal Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements (SAVE) database, administered by Kristi Noem and the United States Department of Homeland Security,» Shapiro spokesperson Alex Peterson said in a statement provided to Fox News.
«The individual in question had legal status in Kristi Noem’s database when the license was issued in July 2025 and still shows as eligible to receive a license as of today. Kristi Noem should focus on minding the shop in her own agency, as her incompetence and operational failures seem to be matching the scale of her moral failures as the Secretary of Homeland Security,» Peterson added.

The Indiana State Police is investigating the crash in Jay County. (Indiana State Police)
ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT ALLEGEDLY RAMS ICE VEHICLE, BITES AGENTS AFTER FAILED GUN PURCHASE IN PITTSBURGH
The deadly crash occurred on Feb. 3 at approximately 4:00 p.m. when Beishekeev was driving eastbound on Indiana’s State Route 67 and allegedly failed to break for a slowed semi-truck in front of him, according to DHS and Indiana State Police. Beishekeev then allegedly swerved into oncoming traffic and slammed into a van carrying 15 passengers. Four people were killed in the crash. DHS said the fatal incident is being investigated by the Indiana State Police, the Jay County Sheriff’s Department and the Jay County Coroner’s Office.
DHS and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) have warned about the dangers of CDL issuing practices in several states following a series of fatal crashes allegedly involving illegal immigrants.

Bekzhan Beishekeev, left, has been taken into ICE custody following a fatal crash on Feb. 3, 2026, in Jay County, Ind., near the state’s border with Ohio. (Jay County Sheriff’s Department)
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In its statement on Beishekeev, DHS noted that ICE had previously arrested another illegal immigrant who was issued a CDL in Pennsylvania.
Akhror Bozorov, 31, is an Uzbek national who DHS said was wanted in his country of origin for belonging to a terrorist organization. Bozorov was arrested in Kansas on Nov. 9 while working as a commercial truck driver, using a CDL issued in Pennsylvania, according to DHS. Bozorov was allegedly granted work authorization in January 2024 under the Biden administration.
Fox News’ Alexis McAdams and Fox News Digital’s Gregary Norman-Diamond contributed to this report.
politics,us,illegal immigrants,pennsylvania
INTERNACIONAL
Iran’s Khamenei stays away from talks as JD Vance says dynamic makes diplomacy ‘much more complicated’

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As indirect talks between the U.S. and Iran started on Friday in Oman, remarks from Vice President JD Vance earlier in the week questioning the absence of the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei from talks have raised a core dilemma for Washington — the person with ultimate authority in Tehran is not sitting at the negotiating table.
In the interview, Vance said, «It’s a very weird country to conduct diplomacy with, when you can’t even talk to the person who’s in charge of the country. That makes all of this much more complicated… It is bizarre that we can’t just talk to the actual leadership of the country. It really makes diplomacy very, very difficult,» he said on Megyn Kelly’s podcast.
IRANIAN SUPREME LEADER BLAMES TRUMP FOR INCREASINGLY INTENSE DEMONSTRATIONS
Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei waves to the audience during a speech in Tehran, Iran, on Nov. 3, 2025. During his address marking the anniversary of the 1979 takeover of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, known as the «National Day of Fight against Global Arrogance,» Khamenei stated that cooperation between Tehran and Washington is impossible as long as the U.S. continues to support Israel and maintain military bases in the region. ( Iranian Leader Press Office/Anadolu via Getty Images)
The Supreme Leader has no equals
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, 86, has served as Iran’s supreme leader since 1989 and remains the country’s highest political and religious authority, with ultimate control over military, security and strategic decisions. That concentration of power means any diplomatic outcome must ultimately pass through him.
Sina Azodi, the director of the Middle East Studies Program at George Washington University, told Fox News Digital that Khamenei’s authority stems from direct control over Iran’s core power centers. «He is very powerful because he is the commander in chief of the armed forces and appoints the heads of the IRGC, the Artesh (conventional military), the judiciary and other important institutions.»

Iran’s Supreme Leader Khamenei makes first public appearance in weeks with fresh U.S. threats. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader Credit/Associated Press)
Azodi added that protocol and hierarchy also explain Khamenei’s absence from negotiations. «Iranians are very adamant about diplomatic protocols — that since other countries don’t have the equivalent rank, he does not participate in any negotiations because his ‘equal’ rank does not exist,» Azodi said. «Even when foreign heads of state visit him, there is only the Iranian flag, and foreign flags are not allowed.»

Omani Foreign Minister Sayyid Badr Hamad Al Busaidi, President Donald Trump’s Special Representative for the Middle East, Steve Witkoff and U.S. negotiator Jared Kushner meet ahead of the U.S.-Iran talks, in Muscat, the capital of Oman, on Feb. 6, 2026. (Oman Foreign Ministry/Anadolu via Getty Images)
Iranian sources familiar with internal discussions described Khamenei as operating from a legacy mindset at this stage of his life. «The supreme leader sees the confrontation with Washington as defining his historical role and believes Iran can retaliate against U.S. interests in the region. Khamenei is not focused on personal risk and views strategic confrontation as part of preserving his legacy,» a Middle Eastern source speaking on the condition of anonymity told Fox News Digital.
Behnam Ben Taleblu, a senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, told Fox News Digital that Khamenei remains the decisive figure in Iran’s system even as the regime faces pressure at home and abroad.
«He wields great influence in Iran but also exercises the greatest veto in Iran’s political hierarchy»
«He wields great influence in Iran but also exercises the greatest veto in Iran’s political hierarchy,» Ben Taleblu said.
He added, «The Iranian strategy… is to raise the cost of war in the thinking of the adversary,» he said, describing a system that signals willingness to talk while simultaneously preparing for confrontation.
He warned that «regimes that are afraid and lethal and weak can still be dangerous,» and said Tehran may believe threatening U.S. assets could deter a broader war even if such escalation risks triggering a stronger American response.
TOP IRANIAN GENERAL THREATENS TO ‘CUT OFF’ TRUMP’S HAND OVER POTENTIAL MILITARY STRIKES

In this picture released by the official website of the office of the Iranian supreme leader, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei stands as army air force staff salute at the start of their meeting in Tehran, Iran, Friday, Feb. 8, 2019. Khamenei is defending «Death to America» chants that are standard fare at anti-U.S. rallies across Iran but says the chanting is aimed at America’s leaders and not its people. (Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader via AP)
«Very difficult to say what Khamenei’s mindset is, but I think that he, along with other senior officials, think that the current conflict is not an isolated phenomenon but rather the continuation of the June 2025 conflict and the recent protests, which he called ‘an American coup,’» Azodi told Fox News Digital.
«I think that he thinks that the U.S. is definitely after a regime change and that needs to be resisted at all costs,» he added.
Inside Iran, frustration with Khamenei has become increasingly visible, according to a journalist reporting from within the country.
TRUMP SAYS IRANIAN SUPREME LEADER KHAMENEI SHOULD BE ‘VERY WORRIED’ AMID TENSIONS

Cars burn in a street during a protest over the collapse of the currency’s value in Tehran, Iran, Jan. 8, 2026. (Stringer/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS)
«What people want more than anything else is for Khamenei to die… I hear it every day, everywhere I go — why doesn’t he die?» the journalist told Fox News Digital.
«He is perceived as God’s representative, while leaders of enemy states are viewed as representatives of Satan, which is why he never meets with them.»
«You just open the Twitter of Iranians… the tweet is, why don’t you die? And everybody knows who we are talking about. So a nation is waiting for him to die.»
The journalist said many Iranians no longer believe political reform is possible and instead see generational change as the only turning point.

Iranian worshipers hold up their hands as signs of unity with Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei during an anti-Israeli rally to condemn Israel’s attacks on Iran, in downtown Tehran, Iran, on June 20, 2025. (Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images)
An Iranian journalist in exile, Mehdi Ghadimi, told Fox News Digital that, «The Islamic government considers itself obligated to enforce Islamic law across the entire world. They harbor hatred toward Iranians and Jews, whom they regard as enemies of Islam,» he explained, «In such a structure, the leader is seen as more than a political ruler; he is perceived as God’s representative, while leaders of enemy states are viewed as representatives of Satan, which is why he never meets with them. If dialogue or compromise were to take place, his sacred image would collapse in the eyes of his supporters.»
He continued, «For this reason, groups labeled as ‘moderate,’ ‘reformist’ or ‘pro-Western’ are created so that the West can negotiate with them,» Ghadimi added. «No one within the structure of the Islamic Republic thinks about anything other than defeating the Western world and establishing Islamic dominance globally. The diplomats presented to Western politicians as moderates are tasked with using diplomacy to buy time for Khamenei.»
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The negotiations come amid heightened regional tensions, U.S. military deployments and unresolved disputes over Iran’s nuclear program and missile capabilities.
Regional analysts say that for the U.S., the central challenge remains unchanged. Diplomats can negotiate, but the final decision rests with one man — a leader shaped by decades of confrontation with the United States, focused on regime survival and determined to preserve his legacy even as Iran enters a new round of talks.
ali khamenei,iran,jd vance,foreign policy,donald trump,world protests
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