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El colapso del chavismo en cifras: cómo la dictadura de Maduro logró pulverizar más de la mitad de sus votos en una década

Durante años, el chavismo logró sostenerse con mayoría en las urnas, pero ese dominio electoral se cimentó desde el inicio en la manipulación del aparato estatal y la represión sistemática contra voces disidentes. Hugo Chávez no solo fue un líder carismático: fue el principal artífice de un modelo autoritario que utilizó el descontento social de los años noventa como plataforma para instaurar un régimen que concentró poder, criminalizó la protesta y desmanteló instituciones democráticas.
En su última elección presidencial, en 2012, Chávez obtuvo más de 8,1 millones de votos, con una participación que superó el 80%, en un proceso ya marcado por serias desigualdades entre el oficialismo y la oposición.
Pero el mito del chavismo como fuerza de masas comenzó a desmoronarse con su muerte y se profundizó bajo el mandato de Nicolás Maduro, quien heredó no solo el poder, sino también la represión como método de gobierno. A lo largo de su gestión, las denuncias por violaciones a los derechos humanos, fraudes electorales y persecución política se multiplicaron, y la desconexión con el pueblo quedó en evidencia en cada elección posterior. Hoy, los números ya no acompañan: el chavismo ha perdido más de la mitad de los votos que una vez lo sostuvieron y sobrevive apelando al control institucional, al miedo y al aparato represivo del Estado.
Cuando Maduro asumió el poder tras la muerte de Chávez en 2013, heredó un país polarizado, pero aún movilizado. En su primera elección como candidato, ganó con 7.517.999 votos, apenas un punto por encima del opositor Henrique Capriles.

Desde entonces, el retroceso del chavismo se volvió estructural. El régimen, en vez de corregir los excesos del pasado, los profundizó: estatizaciones ineficientes, corrupción institucionalizada, criminalización de la disidencia, ataques a la prensa libre y un control absoluto de los poderes públicos.
La evolución del voto chavista retrata esa decadencia, según un análisis independiente de Votoscopio.com
- 2012 (Presidencial, Chávez): 8.184.383 votos
- 2013 (Presidencial, Maduro): 7.517.999 votos
- 2015 (Asamblea Nacional): 5.599.025 votos
- 2017 (Regionales): 5.688.551 votos
- 2018 (Presidencial, cuestionada): 6.288.430 votos
- 2020 (Asamblea Nacional, con alta abstención): 4.331.388 votos
- 2021 (Municipales y regionales): 4.070.169 votos
- 2024 (Presidencial): 3.316.142 votos*
*Con más del 83% de mesas escrutadas.
El descenso representa una pérdida de casi cinco millones de votos en doce años. Y eso, en un contexto donde el chavismo maneja todos los resortes del poder, incluyendo el árbitro electoral, los medios públicos, las milicias armadas y una red clientelar financiada con recursos del Estado.
Una parte de la erosión chavista se explica por la migración masiva. Desde 2015, más de 8 millones de venezolanos han abandonado el país, empujados por la emergencia humanitaria.
Otros, dentro del país, han optado por el silencio, la abstención o el desinterés. La represión, las amenazas y la falta de garantías reales han debilitado la participación, pero incluso dentro de esas condiciones adversas, los números revelan un rechazo inapelable al régimen. Ni siquiera el aparato de control social —CLAP, carnet de la patria, bonificaciones estatales— ha sido suficiente para conservar fidelidad política.

Maduro ya no lidera un movimiento, sino una estructura autoritaria desgastada, con escaso margen de maniobra y sin fuerza real de convocatoria. En 2018, con una oposición parcialmente marginada, logró todavía reunir más de seis millones de votos. Pero en 2024, con condiciones similares —y aún más control sobre el proceso—, ni siquiera alcanzó los 3,5 millones.
El chavismo ha perdido sus bases tradicionales: sectores populares, trabajadores, sindicatos, comunidades indígenas. Su único núcleo de poder es hoy la cúpula militar, los organismos de inteligencia, los aliados extranjeros y las mafias que controlan negocios ilícitos en el Arco Minero y otras regiones del país.
La narrativa de la revolución quedó vaciada. El discurso de soberanía y justicia social no convence a quienes viven en un país donde el salario mínimo es inferior a 5 dólares mensuales, y donde los hospitales públicos carecen de insumos básicos.

La pérdida del respaldo popular del chavismo quedó al descubierto en las elecciones presidenciales del 28 de julio de 2024, marcadas por múltiples denuncias de fraude, la inhabilitación arbitraria de candidatos opositores y fuertes restricciones para que los venezolanos en el extranjero pudieran ejercer su derecho al voto.
Aunque el Consejo Nacional Electoral (CNE), bajo control del régimen, proclamó a Nicolás Maduro como ganador para un tercer mandato, tanto dentro como fuera del país numerosos sectores denunciaron que el verdadero triunfo correspondió a Edmundo González Urrutia.
Respaldado por la mayoría democrática y por la líder opositora María Corina Machado, González Urrutia se convirtió en la figura que canalizó el deseo de cambio de millones de venezolanos. A través de la publicación de más del 85% de las actas del CNE, se revelaron los resultados reales: Edmundo González Urrutia obtuvo 7.446.394 votos (67,05%), mientras que Nicolás Maduro solo alcanzó 3.386.215 votos (30,49%). Un resultado que la dictadura se negó a reconocer, profundizando así la crisis institucional y política que atraviesa Venezuela.

Las elecciones de 2024 expusieron un fenómeno irreversible: Maduro puede seguir en el poder, pero ya no puede simular respaldo popular. La farsa electoral, montada con reglas a medida, exclusiones y censura, no logró revertir el dato más incómodo para la dictadura: el pueblo dejó de acompañar al chavismo.
Ni el fraude técnico, ni las amenazas a empleados públicos, ni la propaganda masiva impidieron el desplome. El voto oficialista se redujo a una expresión mínima, que no representa la voluntad de una nación, sino el ocaso de un régimen que se sostiene sobre el miedo.
South America / Central America,Elections / Voting,Caracas
INTERNACIONAL
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US-Mexico Tijuana River sewage crisis deal is ‘massive’ win for Americans, EPA says

EPA, Mexico meet over Tijuana sewage crisis
EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin joins ‘Fox News Live’ to discuss rolling back Biden-era environmental policies, the U.S.-Mexico sewage crisis in Tijuana, and his recent meeting with an Israeli diplomat killed just weeks later.
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A new deal between the United States and Mexico aimed at resolving the Tijuana River sewage crisis is «massive» win for Americans living in the San Diego area, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator Lee Zeldin announced this week.
The memorandum of understanding was signed Thursday as the EPA said «For many decades, untreated raw sewage has flowed into Southern California from Mexico, polluting the Tijuana River Valley, closing beaches, fouling the air, harming the region’s economy, and sickening people on both sides of the border.»
«The Trump Administration is proud to deliver this massive environmental and national security win for Americans in the San Diego area who have been living with this disgusting raw sewage flowing into their communities for far too long,» Zeldin said in a statement.
The EPA said the deal meets multiple «top Trump Administration priorities and milestones critical to ensuring a 100% solution to this issue» — including expediting already-existing critical infrastructure projects.
LIV GOLF STAR PHIL MICKELSON ADDS HIS REACTION TO DEEPENING SEWAGE CRISIS IN SAN DIEGO
A sign reads «Stop The Stink» near the Tijuana River Valley area by Border Field State Park along the U.S.-Mexico border between San Diego and Tijuana in San Diego County, Calif., on April 23, 2025. In recent years, the U.S.-Mexico border sewage pollution problem has closed beaches and raised concerns over public health issues. (Patrick Fallon/AFP via Getty Images)
«The United States — which has withheld sending more American dollars to projects until Mexico fulfilled their obligations toward other projects — agreed to release EPA Border Water Infrastructure Program funding to complete the rehabilitation of Pump Station 1 and the Tijuana River collection pipes. This is because Mexico agreed to fund and begin construction on two priority projects this year, the diversion of treated effluent from two wastewater treatment plants and the rehabilitation of the Parallel Gravity Line,» the EPA said, in reference to a wastewater collecting pipe in Mexico. «This increased the total number of projects planned for this year from two to six.»
«To that end, Mexico will immediately seek internal funding to initiate the construction process for the diversion, which will divert 10 million gallons per day of treated effluent entering the Tijuana River, and the rehabilitation of the Parallel Gravity Line. This will be completed no later than December 31, 2025,» the EPA added.
It also said «Several necessary Mexico side projects have been added to account for future population growth in Tijuana and operation and maintenance costs.»
DEAL STRUCK BETWEEN US AND MEXICO TO ENSURE TEXAS FARMERS GET MUCH-NEEDED WATER

The South Bay International Wastewater Treatment Plant operates to treat water and sewage flowing across the border from the Tijuana River behind a section of border wall fencing along the U.S.-Mexico border between San Diego and Tijuana on April 24, 2025. (Patrick Fallon/AFP via Getty Images)
The deal was reached after Zeldin traveled to San Diego in April to speak to those affected by the situation.
«I made a commitment to the residents that I would spearhead an effort to construct an all-encompassing plan to finally bring the sewage crisis to an end,» Zeldin said. «Since my visit, the Mexican and United States’ governments have been working collaboratively to urgently finalize a permanent 100% solution to this longstanding issue. Secretary Rubio and the whole State Department, and the National Security Council at the White House worked hand-in-hand with EPA, and other federal partners, to make this agreement a reality.»

An aerial view of sewage water spilling into Playa Blanca beach in the coast of Tijuana, Baja California state, Mexico on March 21, 2024. (Getty Images)
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«This is not just a solution for 2025,» he added. «We devised this agreement to factor in population growth, operation and maintenance costs, and other variables that would make this solution durable and long term. Grateful to President Claudia Sheinbaum, Secretary [of the Environment and National Resources of Mexico Alicia] Bárcena, and the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs for their partnership, cooperation, and commitment to work with us to clean up the Tijuana River Valley. This is a huge win for millions of Americans and Mexicans who have been calling on us to end this decades old crisis.»
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Trump heads to Scotland to talk golf, politics and trade

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President Donald Trump will depart for Scotland on Friday for a five-day trip where he will check in with his golf resorts in Turnberry and Aberdeen, as well as with British Prime Minister Kier Starmer and head of the Scottish government, First Minister John Swinney.
While it is unclear what dates he will be meeting with the British leaders, one topic of conversation expected to be top of the list is the U.S.-U.K. trade agreement.
The U.K. is one of the few countries with which the U.S. has advanced its trade agreements under relatively amicable terms, signing a deal dubbed the «Economic Prosperity Deal» last month, which agreed to slash tariffs.
Then-former President Donald Trump playing golf at his Trump Turnberry course in South Ayrshire during his visit to the U.K. on Wednesday, May 3, 2023. (Andrew Milligan/PA Images via Getty Images)
TRUMP HEADS TO SCOTLAND, CONTINUES IRONING OUT TRADE DEALS AFTER NOTCHING SIX MONTHS BACK IN OFFICE
It is unclear what details the pair will hash out, but according to Alan Mendoza, executive director of the Henry Jackson Society, an international affairs think tank based in London, the June deal was more of a «head of terms,» essentially stating both nations’ intent to move forward with new trade terms.
«Now we expect to see more detail to be hammered out and specific rates on various industries to be specified,» Mendoza explained to Fox News Digital.
White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt also told reporters last week that Trump and Starmer will meet «to refine the great trade deal that was brokered,» though the White House did not answer Fox News Digital’s questions about what specifically will be discussed over the weekend.
«The U.K. is the only country to have secured this deal with the U.S., reducing car export tariffs from 27.5% to 10%, saving manufacturers hundreds of millions each year and protecting hundreds of thousands of jobs,» the British government said in a statement. «At the same time, the aerospace sector has seen the removal of 10% tariffs on goods such as engines and aircraft parts, helping make companies such as Rolls Royce more competitive and allow them to continue to be at the cutting edge of innovation.»
Starmer championed his relationship with Trump in a BBC interview earlier this month and said that it was «in the national interest» for the two men to get along.

U.K. Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer, middle left, meets with President Donald Trump, alongside Vice President JD Vance, right, and U.K. Foreign Secretary David Lammy, left, in the Oval Office at the White House on Feb. 27, 2025 in Washington, D.C. (Carl Court – Pool/Getty Images)
«We are different people, and we’ve got different political backgrounds and leanings, but we do have a good relationship and that comes from a number of places,» Starmer told BBC podcast «Political Thinking.» «I think I do understand what anchors the president, what he really cares about.»
Apart from geopolitical talks, Trump is expected to get in a round of golf at one of his courses when visiting his clubs, like he did in 2018 when he visited the historic golf resort and hotel at Turnberry.
UK TO ROLL OUT RED CARPET IN ‘UNPRECEDENTED’ SECOND TRUMP VISIT HOSTED BY KING CHARLES
The British government did not respond to Fox News Digital’s questions whether Starmer is expected to play alongside Trump at any point during his trip.
Scotland appears to hold special significance for Trump as his mother, Mary Anne MacLeod Trump, was born and raised in Scotland before she moved to Queens, New York, and he dedicated his club in Aberdeen to her after breaking ground in 2023 and naming an 18-round course the MacLeod Course.

Then-Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump is welcomed as he arrives at his Turnberry golf course, in Turnberry, Scotland, on June 24, 2016. (REUTERS/Clodagh Kilcoyne/File Photo)
He is also reported to have created a memorial garden to his mother at the resort.
Though his strong affection for Scotland has not always been reciprocated and Trump has previously been met with protests during his trip.
Scotland Police confirmed with Fox New Digital that «significant» security precautions have been taken ahead of Trump’s visit, including pulling in additional forces from across the U.K. to help with the police effort.
«A policing plan will be in place to maintain public safety, balance rights to peaceful protest and minimize disruption,» Assistant Chief Constable Emma Bond said, confirming that protests are once again expected.

President Donald Trump plays a round of golf at the Trump Turnberry resort in South Ayrshire, where he and first lady Melania Trump are spending the weekend. (Andrew Milligan/PA Images via Getty Images)
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«The visit will require a significant police operation using local, national and specialist resources from across Police Scotland, supported by colleagues from other U.K. police forces as part of mutual aid arrangements,» she added.
Trump will return to the U.K. in September for an official state visit, where he will meet with King Charles III at Windsor Castle.
The visit will mark the first time the U.K. has invited a U.S. president for a second state visit.
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