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From ‘legislative terrorists’ to center of Trump’s DC revolution: Where key conservative caucus is now
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A small group of Republican lawmakers who did not feel their leaders were pushing a conservative enough agenda first began meeting in secret a decade ago, huddling in small rooms both inside and outside the U.S. Capitol, while closely guarding their membership for fear of punishment by top House GOP leaders.
Fast-forward to Thursday morning, and the House Freedom Caucus (HFC) was welcoming its members, top GOP donors, Trump administration officials and even Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., to an ornate room inside Washington, D.C.’s Willard Hotel to mark its decade anniversary and its first annual policy summit.
«It’s a big celebration and an anniversary for them, and I want to be a part of it,» Johnson told Fox News Digital just before addressing the group. «Some of my closest friends are in this room.»
The caucus that former House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, once called «legislative terrorists» are now at the center of key Republican policy fights in Washington. And while they’re still a source of frustration for many GOP lawmakers – who find the group to be disruptive to Republicans’ agenda – HFC is hiding no more and has the ear of some of the most powerful people in D.C.
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The House Freedom Caucus has been at the center of several of Congress’ legislative fights this year. (Getty Images)
«This was never our goal, you know, but we wanted to have an impact,» Rep. Marlin Stutzman, R-Ind., a founding member of HFC who left Congress and returned in 2025, told Fox News Digital of the event at the Willard. «There’s always a lot of agreement in the conference, like, ‘Oh yeah, we would like to get there,’ but…sometimes you kind of need the difficult people to help move it a little bit further to the right than what you thought you might be able to.»
And rather than being a thorn in the side of Republican leaders, HFC is trying to work hand-in-hand with President Donald Trump to push for conservative policies.
They are not going against the grain any longer, House Freedom Caucus Chair Andy Harris, R-Md., told Fox News Digital.
«We’re driving the grain,» he said. «We work with the president to advance his agenda in the most conservative way possible, and we’ve been successful.»
Border czar Tom Homan, who also addressed the event along with Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Director Russell Vought, told Fox News Digital that HFC was key to advancing Trump’s border agenda.
«They’re on the right side,» Homan said. «They want to secure the border because they know a secure border, a strong border, gives us strong national security…they want us to enforce the laws.»
In late 2023, a group of HFC members were key to successfully pushing out a House speaker mid-congressional term for the first time in U.S. history.
House Freedom Caucus Chair Andy Harris opens the group’s policy summit in Washington on Thursday, Sept. 4, 2025. (Fox News Digital)
They’ve also played significant roles in pushing Republican spending bills and the recent One Big, Beautiful Bill Act to the right – at least in the House.
Even in the middle of their two-day event on Thursday, some HFC members threatened to sink a GOP-led spending bill as a warning shot to House leaders to keep on a conservative path.
The approach has been seen as divisive for years, and this year is no different.
«They act as if they are the only principled conservatives in the conference. It’s almost as if they would rather be in the minority,» one House Republican, granted anonymity to speak freely, told Fox News Digital. «They love the attention they get when they hold out, only to fold in the end. It’s why no one respects them.»
Another GOP lawmaker said, in the context of current talks to avert a government shutdown, «The Freedom Caucus is not what it was two years ago or even four years ago. I don’t know what you call them, but Andy Harris speaks for himself.»
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«What is the goal of the Freedom Caucus? Is it to win? Is it to fold?» they asked. «I mean, have they lost their teeth? From an outside perspective, no, I still think they get heard.»
Current HFC members brushed off the criticism.
«We’re willing to negotiate with Donald Trump and the Senate to beat Democrats with the most conservative bill possible, so please keep assuming that we’re dead, and please keep writing that obituary, because we’re winning,» HFC Policy Chair Chip Roy, R-Texas, told Fox News Digital.
Harris said of the critics, «If winning is folding, then I’ll fold every time.»
Indeed, the group does have the ear of the White House.
Former HFC Chair Scott Perry, R-Pa., who gave opening remarks during a portion of the summit exclusively viewed by Fox News Digital, revealed that White House aides attended the group’s recent meeting with conservative senators.
«Last night, with representatives from the White House, we were asked, ‘What is the plan?’ I’m not exaggerating, this is your Freedom Caucus, the ‘legislative terrorists’ in the room where it happened,» Perry told the audience.
Rep. Chip Roy is expected to be one of the group’s highest-profile departures at the end of the 119th Congress. (Getty Images)
But the group is expected to see some high-profile departures in the next congressional term: Roy is running for Texas Attorney General, and Reps. Andy Biggs, R-Ariz., and Byron Donalds, R-Fla., are both running for governor, among others.
Roy told Fox News Digital of the turnover, «We’ve had a conversation. We have things we want to do to help kind of make sure and ensure the longevity. Right now, we’ve got to make sure the good people are running. We have to make sure we continue to grow the ranks of the Freedom Caucus.»
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And newer members have signaled they’re ready to fill the ranks of those left behind.
«Now that I’ve been here, and it’s my third year, and I get comfortable with this, it gives me a lot more confidence to know what is the right path or what’s the wrong path,» said Rep. Eric Burlison, R-Mo., whose profile in HFC has risen in his short time in Congress. «And I think there’s other members like me that are – as these guys step away, there’s plenty of really talented members to step in their shoes.»
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The Trump administration has ordered the deployment of the Gerald R. Ford Carrier Strike Group in the Western Hemisphere as the U.S. continues to target suspected drug smuggling vessels in the Caribbean.
«In support of the President’s directive to dismantle Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) and counter narco-terrorism in defense of the Homeland, the Secretary of War has directed the Gerald R. Ford Carrier Strike Group and embarked carrier air wing to the U.S. Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) area of responsibility (AOR),» chief Pentagon Spokesman Sean Parnell said in a statement Friday.
«The enhanced U.S. force presence in the USSOUTHCOM AOR will bolster U.S. capacity to detect, monitor, and disrupt illicit actors and activities that compromise the safety and prosperity of the United States homeland and our security in the Western Hemisphere,» he added. «These forces will enhance and augment existing capabilities to disrupt narcotics trafficking and degrade and dismantle TCOs.»
The Trump administration has ordered a number of strikes in the Caribbean aimed at dismatling and disrupting drug cartels in the region.
Most recently, War Secretary Pete Hegseth announced on Thursday that a strike on a vessel allegedly operated by members of Tren de Aragua (TdA), a Designated Terrorist Organization (DTO), killed six alleged narco-terrorists.
This story is breaking. Please check back for updates.
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La neurociencia ha demostrado que los hábitos, esos comportamientos automáticos que moldean la rutina diaria y repercuten en la salud mental, surgen de la interacción entre dos sistemas cerebrales: uno responsable de responder a estímulos y otro orientado por metas y creencias.
Esta perspectiva, presentada mediante un estudio publicado en enero de 2025 por investigadores del Trinity College Dublin, está transformando la comprensión sobre la formación y modificación de los hábitos, con efectos directos en la vida cotidiana y en el tratamiento de trastornos compulsivos.
Eike Buabang y su equipo destacan el denominado marco de doble sistema. Este concepto, respaldado por la neurociencia cognitiva, sostiene que los hábitos resultan del equilibrio entre un sistema de control dirigido por objetivos —basado en la evaluación consciente de acciones y resultados— y un sistema estímulo-respuesta, que automatiza conductas frente a señales familiares.
Cuando el sistema estímulo-respuesta domina, las personas tienden a repetir acciones sin analizar su relación con metas actuales, lo que puede derivar en errores, impulsividad o conductas compulsivas. Como señalan Buabang y sus colegas: “Los hábitos pueden entenderse como un balance entre un sistema impulsado por estímulos, basado en asociaciones estímulo-respuesta, y un sistema dirigido por objetivos, basado en expectativas acción-resultado y metas valoradas”.
La formación de hábitos responde a varios mecanismos clave. Destaca la repetición, ya que cada vez que una conducta se repite en un contexto similar, las conexiones neuronales entre estímulo y respuesta se refuerzan, facilitando su automatización. No obstante, el estudio muestra que la evidencia es dispar sobre cuántas repeticiones se requieren: algunos trabajos sitúan el rango entre 18 y 254 días, según el tipo de hábito y características de la persona.
El refuerzo —la obtención de consecuencias positivas tras la acción— fortalece los hábitos, gracias en parte a la dopamina en regiones cerebrales como el putamen posterior. Además, cuando se desactivan los procesos dirigidos por objetivos, por presión de tiempo, estrés o distracción, el sistema estímulo-respuesta asume el control. La estabilidad del contexto favorece la consolidación de los hábitos, ya que la repetición en entornos previsibles disminuye la necesidad de supervisión consciente y permite que las acciones se encadenen de modo automático.
Existen diferencias individuales y neurobiológicas que influyen en la facilidad para formar o interrumpir hábitos. La estructura y actividad de circuitos como el putamen y la corteza prefrontal dorsolateral varían entre personas, lo que explica por qué algunos adquieren hábitos con rapidez mientras que otros precisan más tiempo o repeticiones. Además, la intensidad de las señales contextuales, la frecuencia de repetición y la motivación —tanto intrínseca como extrínseca— modulan este proceso. Según la investigación: “La duración necesaria para formar un hábito varía considerablemente entre individuos”, lo que resalta la importancia de personalizar las estrategias de intervención.
Romper hábitos arraigados requiere debilitar las asociaciones estímulo-respuesta, evitar los estímulos desencadenantes, potenciar la inhibición dirigida por objetivos y, en muchos casos, crear hábitos alternativos que compitan con los anteriores. La extinción de un hábito no elimina las conexiones previas, sino que genera una nueva asociación entre el contexto y la ausencia de respuesta, lo que explica la propensión a recaer frente a los estímulos originales.
Estrategias como la evitación de contextos problemáticos, el entrenamiento en inhibición y la formación de intenciones de implementación (“si ocurre X, haré Y”) presentan eficacia tanto en entornos experimentales como en la vida cotidiana. Estas técnicas operan en terapias conductuales y farmacológicas, y pueden potenciarse mediante intervenciones como la estimulación cerebral no invasiva, que refuerza el control ejecutivo.
Las aplicaciones clínicas de estos avances resultan especialmente relevantes en trastornos compulsivos, como el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC), las adicciones y los trastornos alimentarios. En estos casos, se identifica un déficit en el control dirigido por objetivos, lo que favorece la aparición de hábitos patológicos. Como advierte la investigación: “El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, el trastorno por consumo de sustancias y los trastornos alimentarios están vinculados a déficits en el control dirigido por objetivos, posiblemente explicados por una dimensión transdiagnóstica de compulsividad”.
Las terapias más eficaces combinan la exposición a los estímulos desencadenantes, la prevención de la respuesta habitual y el refuerzo de conductas alternativas, lo que permite abordar tanto mecanismos automáticos como procesos conscientes.
A pesar de estos avances, la investigación actual enfrenta desafíos metodológicos y conceptuales. Persisten dificultades para replicar hallazgos clave en humanos y continúa el debate sobre la suficiencia del modelo de doble sistema. Buabang y sus colegas proponen modelos más complejos, integrando la interacción dinámica entre hábitos de pensamiento, creencias automáticas y conductas. La transferencia de hábitos entre contextos y la resistencia al cambio figuran como áreas de estudio aún en desarrollo.
Hacia el futuro, la investigación subraya la importancia de profundizar en los mecanismos subyacentes a la formación y alteración de hábitos, así como adaptar las intervenciones a las distintas características individuales y contextuales. Solo mediante una comprensión más precisa de estos procesos será posible diseñar estrategias realmente eficaces para promover cambios conductuales duraderos y mejorar el abordaje de trastornos relacionados con la compulsividad.
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New York Attorney General Letitia James was arraigned at a federal court in Norfolk, Virginia, Friday, where she pleaded not guilty to two felony charges of bank fraud and making false statements to a financial institution.
The charges against James stem from her 2020 purchase of a home in Norfolk, Virginia. Prosecutors allege that James misled a bank about the nature of the residence in order to obtain more favorable loan conditions.
The indictment states that James misrepresented the financial institution in claiming it would be her secondary residence, and instead rented it out to a family.
According to the indictment, the lower interest rate would allow James to save nearly $19,000 over the course of the 30-year loan.
LETITIA JAMES TO BE ARRAIGNED IN VIRGINIA ON FEDERAL BANK FRAUD CHARGES TIED TO 2020 HOME PURCHASE
NY AG Letitia James and President Donald Trump (Getty Images)
James entered the not guilty plea herself to U.S. District Judge Jamar K. Walker.
She is being represented in the case by defense attorney Abbe Lowell, and by Andrew Bosse, a former assistant U.S. attorney based in Norfolk who formerly headed up the office’s criminal division.
James’ arraignment is the latest in a string of prosecutions brought against the president’s perceived political foes, despite objections from career prosecutors — some of whom have since been fired or resigned.
James, a Democrat, has long-drawn Trump’s ire after she campaigned for attorney general in 2016 largely on vows to investigate Trump’s actions and businesses.
She also successfully secured a $450 million civil fraud case against him last year, though an appeals court later tossed the financial penalty portion of the case.
«This is nothing more than a continuation of the president’s desperate weaponization of our justice system,» James said in a statement after she was indicted.
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Trump denies B1 bombers flew toward Venezuela amid cartel threats. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
«These charges are baseless, and the president’s own public statements make clear that his only goal is political retribution at any cost,» she added.
Her indictment, like the indictment of former FBI Director James Comey, was presented to a grand jury by former White House aide Lindsey Halligan, whom President Donald Trump installed as the acting U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia last month.
Trump, in September, said he would install Halligan as the top prosecutor for the Eastern District of Virginia, replacing interim attorney Erik Siebert, who resigned under pressure to indict both Comey and James.
«No one is above the law. The charges as alleged in this case represent intentional, criminal acts and tremendous breaches of the public’s trust,» Halligan said in a statement. «The facts and the law in this case are clear, and we will continue following them to ensure that justice is served.»
After the arraignment, it is likely that she will file a motion to dismiss her case for vindictive and selective prosecution, following similar steps taken by Comey’s legal team in Alexandria earlier this week.
She will also file a motion to dismiss her case based on what her lawyers will argue was the unlawful appointment of Halligan in securing her indictment.
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Lowell, her attorney, has described the case against her as «improper political retribution,» and vowed they would «fight these charges in every process allowed in the law.»
The Justice Department did not immediately respond to Fox News’s request for comment on the case, or whether Halligan or Keller would be joined by any other federal prosecutors in the Eastern District of Virginia.
Speaking to reporters outside the court on Friday, James said the Justice Department is being used as a tool of «revenge,» and a «vehicle of retribution.»
«But my faith is strong,» she told the group that had massed outside the courthouse in Norfolk, Virginia, hours earlier. «I have a belief in the justice system.»
«Never cow down or break or bend. So there is no fear today,» she said. «I will not be deterred.»
Judge Walker set a trial date for Jan. 26, 2026, and ordered parties to appear back in court for motions hearings in early December.
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