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Guerra comercial: Donald Trump anunció que los aranceles serán «recíprocos» con todos los países que comercian con Estados Unidos

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El llamado “Día de Liberación” ha llegado, anunció el presidente Donald Trump en la Casa Blanca y lanzó este miércoles un masivo paquete arancelario “recíproco” que subirá las tarifas al menos un 10% a todos los productos que ingresen a territorio estadounidense y mucho más a decenas de países que tienen gran déficit con Estados Unidos, una medida que tendrá un profundo y caótico impacto en el comercio mundial, mientras las naciones afectadas se alistan para aplicar represalias.

En una ceremonia formal en el Jardín de las Rosas, donde suelen anunciarse políticas de Estado fundamentales y que este miércoles lucía repleto con todo su gabinete presente e invitados especiales, Trump dio a conocer al fin su plan que tiene el objetivo de poner el mismo nivel de tarifas de los productos que EE.UU importa y los que exporta a cada país.

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Trump dijo que muchos países han atacado a Estados Unidos con «barreras no monetarias», como la manipulación de la moneda, los subsidios, los impuestos exorbitantes y el robo de propiedad intelectual por décadas. “Por décadas el país fue saqueado”, dijo. Y anunció que este miércoles 2 de abril es el día de «nuestra declaración de independencia económica» y lo describió como uno de los momentos más importantes en la historia de Estados Unidos.

Trump mostró una tabla con 25 de los países que serán más afectados por la iniciativa de Trump en donde se veía a China, que recibirá un 34% de aranceles; la Unión Europea con 20%, Vietnam con 46%, Taiwán con 32%, Japón con 24%, India con 26%, Corea del Sur con 25% y otros más. De nuestra región Brasil y Colombia con 10%.

La Argentina no fue mencionada en esa lista por Trump, pero si no consigue ninguna exención tendrá una suba base de 10% a los productos que exporta a EE.UU., como el resto de los países. El canciller Gerardo Werthein se reúne este jueves en Washington con Jamieson Greer, el jefe del United States Trade Representantive (USTR) y buscará revisar los números del comercio bilateral para lograr algún acuerdo que alivie a los productos argentinos.

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«Era de oro»

Trump dijo que esta medida traerá una «era de oro» para Estados Unidos, y que «los empleos y las fábricas volverán rugiendo a nuestro país» y que generarían «billones y billones de dólares para reducir nuestros impuestos y pagar nuestra deuda nacional».

Al aplicar el esquema de “tarifas recíprocas”, Trump dio por desechado otro plan que también estuvo en análisis como la aplicación de un arancel general de 20% a todos los productos que ingresen a Estados Unidos.

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Los expertos advierten que una guerra tarifaria no solo podría golpear el crecimiento global sino también y la inflación en la primera potencia.

Europa ya había advertido que respondería. «No queremos necesariamente tomar medidas de represalia» pero «tenemos un plan sólido para hacerlo si es necesario», advirtió la jefa de la Comisión Europea, Ursula von der Leyen.

En Taiwán, el ministro de Asuntos Económicos Kuo Jyh-huei dijo que «nuestras contramedidas han sido evaluadas y analizadas: por ejemplo, cómo reaccionaríamos a un arancel del 10%» o «del 25%».

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Algunos confían en obtener exenciones, como Vietnam, que ofreció reducir sus aranceles aduaneros sobre una serie de productos. Japón anunció la creación de 1.000 «ventanillas de consulta» para ayudar a las empresas y espera conseguir un trato indulgente. El Reino Unido busca «un acuerdo económico», declaró el martes el primer ministro británico, Keir Starmer.

Los ataques de Washington al libre comercio empujan a países a acercamientos estratégicos. Durante el fin de semana, China, Japón y Corea del Sur anunciaron su intención de «acelerar» sus negociaciones para un acuerdo de libre comercio. Y altos cargos europeos pidieron fortalecer los lazos entre la Unión Europea (UE) y Canadá.

El de este miércoles fue el paso más extremo de la guerra arancelaria de Trump. Desde que el 20 de enero regresó a la Casa Blanca, ha aumentado las tarifas en un 20% a productos de China, una 25% a parte de los de México y Canadá, un 25% sobre el acero y el aluminio a nivel global y ahora lanza los aranceles recíprocos.

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Pero la ofensiva no termina. Trump anunció también que entrará en vigor en la madrugada del jueves un arancel adicional del 25% a los automóviles y componentes fabricados en el extranjero. Teóricamente habrá una excepción: los vehículos ensamblados en México o Canadá estarán sujetos a un impuesto del 25% sólo sobre la parte de piezas sueltas que no procedan de Estados Unidos.

Todas estas nuevas reglamentaciones generan un ambiente de caos que ya comenzó a afectar el consumo y los economistas encienden las señales de alarma. Predicen que la suba de tarifas va a generar inflación en Estados Unidos y un posible freno al crecimiento.

La jefa del Fondo Monetario Internacional, Kristalina Gerogieva, dijo el lunes en una entrevista que el crecimiento de EE.UU., si bien seguirá siendo robusto comparado con otras potencias, se ralentizará por la incertidumbre arancelaria. Además, la Reserva Federal ha decidido frenar la política de descenso de tasas de interés iniciada el año pasado porque observa que el panorama tarifario puede incentivar la subida de precios.

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El impacto en el comercio internacional será fuerte, vaticinan los expertos. “Es probable que el plan envíe ondas de choque a través del mercado de valores y la economía global. Suponiendo que los aranceles permanentes entraran en vigor en el trimestre actual y desencadenaran fuertes represalias por parte de los socios comerciales de Estados Unidos, la economía caería casi de inmediato en una recesión que duraría más de un año, enviando la tasa de desempleo por encima del 7 por ciento”, según Mark Zandi, economista jefe de Moody’s, quien describió los resultados como el peor de los casos.

Los funcionarios de la Casa Blanca se han burlado de las advertencias de los economistas, argumentando que pronósticos pesimistas similares resultaron erróneos cuando Trump impuso aranceles más modestos durante su primer mandato.

Sin embargo, habrá que ver cómo reaccionan los estadounidenses cuando el precio de los automóviles y otros productos básicos escalen y las tasas de interés permanezcan altas para frenar la inflación. Las encuestas indican que, si bien el presidente tiene un alto nivel de aceptación por su política migratoria, un 53% de los habitantes desaprueba el manejo de la economía por parte de Trump.

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World leaders react to Trump’s sweeping tariffs: ‘tumultuous times’ ahead

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World leaders reacted to the sweeping tariffs President Donald Trump released this week impacting essentially every U.S. trading partner. 

The White House has implemented a flat 10% tariff on apparently all imports, though some nations saw drastically higher taxes slapped on their U.S. exports – including Vietnam, which was issued a 46% tariff one day after it slashed its tariffs on U.S. imports.

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However, no nation was handed a higher import tax than China, which Trump revealed will have an additional 34% blanket tariff on its exports to the U.S. on top of the 20% tariff the president implemented earlier this year. This brings the total tariffs on Chinese goods imported into the U.S. to 54% – just shy of the 60% Trump pledged on the campaign trail.

Trump tariffs

President Donald Trump holds a chart as he delivers remarks on reciprocal tariffs during an event in the Rose Garden entitled «Make America Wealthy Again» at the White House in Washington, D.C., on April 2, 2025. (Getty Images)

CANADA’S PM CARNEY VOWS TO ‘FIGHT’ TRUMP’S TARIFFS, OTHER WORLD LEADERS WEIGH IMPACT

CHINA – 54% tariffs

«China firmly opposes this and will take countermeasures to safeguard its own rights and interests,» China’s Commerce Ministry reportedly said in a statement. «There are no winners in trade wars, and there is no way out for protectionism.»

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Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun also warned that «Protectionism has no exit ramp» and urged Washington to «correct its wrong practices and resolve economic and trade differences with other countries — including China — through fair, respectful and reciprocal consultations.» 

EUROPEAN UNION – 20% tariffs

The EU, which was hit with a blanket 20% tariff on top of the 25% tariffs on steel and aluminum as well as car exports to the U.S., which are expected to severely impact European nations, pledged to strike back at Trump’s tariff war.

«I know that many of you feel let down by our oldest ally,» European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said in a video posted to X. «Uncertainty will spiral and trigger the rise of further protectionism. The consequences will be dire for millions of people around the globe.»

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The EU chief said the bloc was already finalizing countermeasures to Trump’s tariffs on steel and pledged to take similar actions to protect the pharmaceutical and auto industries «if negotiations fail.»

«We must brace for the impact this will inevitably have. Europe has everything it needs to make it through this storm,» von der Leyen added, noting the EU is the single largest market on the planet, which she said serves as Europe’s «safe harbor in tumultuous times.»

«If you take on one of us, you take on all of us,» she added. «Our unity is our strength.»

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SOME COUNTRIES TARGETED BY TRUMP TARIFFS SEEK NEGOTIATIONS, CHINA SAYS ‘NO WINNERS IN TRADE WARS’

President Donald Trump shakes hands with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer

President Donald Trump shakes hands with British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, center left, alongside Vice President JD Vance, right, and British Foreign Secretary David Lammy, 2nd left, at the White House on Thursday, Feb. 27, 2025, in Washington, D.C. (Carl Court/Pool via AP)

UNITED KINGDOM -10%

Leaders in the U.K. have repeatedly said they would not immediately respond to the blanket tariff – which coupled with the steel and auto tariffs, could have a significant impact on its economy – though London is taking steps to see which tariffs could be implemented that would have the least negative effect on its own businesses. 

British Trade Secretary Jonathan Reynolds reportedly told members of Parliament on Thursday that the U.K. will «not hesitate to act» if an agreement with Washington to circumvent the tariff war cannot be met, reported Politico.

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«We will seek the views of U.K. stakeholders over four weeks until 1st May 2025 on products that could potentially be included in any U.K. tariff response,» Reynolds said in a statement. «This exercise will also give businesses the chance to have their say, and influence the design of any possible U.K. response.»

CANADA – 25% tariffs

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney said Trump’s tariffs will «fundamentally change the international trading system» and pledged to «fight» back through «countermeasures.»

«We’re in a situation where there’s going to be an impact on the U.S. economy, which will build with time,» he added. «In our judgment, it will be negative on the U.S. economy that will have an impact on us.»

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«In a crisis, it’s important to come together,» Carney said. «It’s essential to act with purpose and with force, and that’s what we will do.»

Cargo ship and cranes at Port of Miami

A cargo ship sits at PortMiami on June 9, 2022 in Miami Beach, Florida. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)

TRUMP TOUTS RETURN OF THE ‘AMERICAN DREAM’ IN HISTORIC TARIFF ANNOUNCEMENT

MEXICO – 25% tariffs

Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum said she will «announce a comprehensive program» to address Trump’s tariffs but will not engage in a «tit-for-tat on tariffs.»

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Sheinbaum said she plans to «strengthen the economy under any circumstance.» 

JAPAN – 24%

Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba said, «We’re putting all options on the table in considering the most effective response.»

«Japan is a country that is making the largest amount of investment to the United States,» he reportedly told his Parliament. «We wonder if it makes sense for (Washington) to apply uniform tariffs to all countries. That is a point we’ve been making and will continue to do so. 

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«We need to consider what’s best for Japan’s national interest,» he added, without detailing what specific steps Tokyo could take.

AUSTRALIA – 10%

Though Australia was among the nations hit with some of the lowest tariffs issued by the White House on Wednesday, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese called them «totally unwarranted.»

«President Trump referred to reciprocal tariffs. A reciprocal tariff would be zero, not 10%,» he said at a press event. «The administration’s tariffs have no basis in logic, and they go against the basis of our two nation’s partnership.»

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«This is not the act of a friend,» Albanese said.

Albanese pointed out that Americans will pay the heaviest price for the tariffs and said therefore he will not put reciprocal tariffs back on the U.S. 

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«We will not join the race to the bottom,» he added, but pledged to continue to fight to have the tariffs removed. 


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Burma earthquake death toll rises to 3,085, humanitarian crisis deepens

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More than 3,000 people have now died from the 7.7 magnitude earthquake that struck Burma last week, which destroyed thousands of buildings and sent the war-torn country into a deeper humanitarian crisis. 

Burma’s military-led government announced that the death toll from Friday’s earthquake rose to 3,085, while 4,715 people were injured and another 341 are missing. 

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«With infrastructure compromised and patient numbers surging, access to health care has become nearly impossible in many of the worst-hit areas,» according to the U.N. «Thousands of people are in urgent need of trauma care, surgical interventions and treatment for disease outbreaks.» 

The World Health Organization assessed so far that four hospitals and one health center had been completely destroyed, while another 32 hospitals and 18 health centers had been partially damaged. 

VIDEO: CHAOS IN BANGKOK AS APARTMENT BUILDING COLLAPSES, SENDING PEOPLE RUNNING 

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A man cleans debris from damaged buildings in the aftermath of Friday’s earthquake in Naypyitaw, Burma, on Thursday, April 3. (AP)

The agency is now preparing $1 million of relief supplies, including body bags, and is warning of a rising risk of diseases such as cholera spreading in affected areas, according to Reuters. 

«Cholera remains a particular concern for all of us,» Elena Vuolo, the deputy head of WHO’s Burma office, told the news agency. 

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«I’ve heard that in the next day or two there are rains [expected],» added Titon Mitra, the Burma representative of the United Nations Development Program. 

«If that hits, we’ve got people, lots of people now, in temporary shelters, makeshift camps out on the streets, and that’s going to be a real problem,» he reportedly added. 

With many left homeless by the earthquake, and many others staying away from their homes over fears ongoing aftershocks will bring them down, workers in Burma’s capital of Naypyitaw labored in the 104-degree heat to set up big tents in open fields to provide some shelter. 

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VIDEO: WATER CASCADES DOWN SIDE OF BUILDING IN BANGKOK FOLLOWING EARTHQUAKE 

Burma earthquake buildings destroyed

In this photo released by Xinhua News Agency, rescuers conduct searches for survivors at the collapsed Sky Villa residence in Mandalay, Burma, on Tuesday, April 1. (Cai Yang/Xinhua via AP)

More than 1,550 international rescuers were operating alongside locals on Thursday, according to a statement from the military. Rescue supplies and equipment have been sent by 17 countries. 

Myanmar’s military seized power in 2021 from the democratically elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi, sparking what has turned into a civil war. 

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The quake worsened an already dire humanitarian crisis, with more than 3 million people displaced from their homes and nearly 20 million in need even before it hit, according to the U.N. 

In Bangkok, Thailand, where the quake brought down a skyscraper under construction, the search for survivors and bodies continued as Gov. Chadchart Sittipunt said a possible sound of life was detected in the rubble. By mid-afternoon there on Thursday, more than 144 hours after the earthquake, nobody had been found. 

People lie on beds near Burma hospital

Patients lie on beds inside the compound of Sagaing Hospital in Sagaing, Burma. (Reuters/Stringer/TPX Images of the Day)

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Twenty-two people were killed and 35 injured in the city, mostly by the collapse of the unfinished building. 

The Associated Press contributed to this report. 

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Some countries targeted by Trump tariffs seek negotiations, China says ‘no winners in trade wars’

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World leaders across the globe are reacting to President Donald Trump’s «Liberation Day» tariff announcements, with some expressing disappointment and others making threats. On Wednesday, the president announced a baseline tariff of 10% on imports, in addition to reciprocal tariffs based on what each nation imposes on U.S. goods.

Trump believes these tariffs will incentivize foreign investment in the U.S. and spur domestic job growth.

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While several U.S. allies articulated their frustration with the tariffs, they also expressed a lack of interest in launching trade wars. Many called for negotiations with the U.S. for new trade agreements. 

US President Donald Trump holds a chart as he delivers remarks on reciprocal tariffs during an event in the Rose Garden entitled «Make America Wealthy Again» at the White House in Washington, D.C., on April 2, 2025. (Getty Images)

TREASURY SECRETARY BESSENT TELLS COUNTRIES NOT TO RETALIATE AFTER SWEEPING ‘LIBERATION DAY’ TARIFFS

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European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called the tariffs a «major blow to the world economy.» Von der Leyen said in a statement that there would be «countermeasures,» though she did not specify what they would entail.

Meanwhile, China’s Foreign Ministry said that «there are no winners in trade wars and tariff wars,» according to the Associated Press (AP). 

Additionally, according to Reuters, Beijing is also planning to take «countermeasures.» Trump has taken an especially tough approach to China, which was already hit with a 20% tariff earlier this year. China will now face a 34% reciprocal tariff in addition to the 10% baseline imposed on all listed nations.

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Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba and President Trump

Trump shakes hands with Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba in the Oval Office of the White House on Feb. 7, 2025. (Getty Images)

FRANCE ASKS US TO BE ‘COOPERATIVE’ INSTEAD OF ‘CONFRONTATIONAL’ FOLLOWING TRUMP’S ‘LIBERATION DAY’ TARIFFS

Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba said the tariffs would have a «great impact» on U.S.-Japan relations and the global economy, according to the AP. He vowed that the Japanese government would work to «decisively protect people’s lives, jobs and industries.»

Despite being subject to one of the lowest reciprocal tariffs at just 10%, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said his country would negotiate with the Trump administration to remove the tariffs.

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«We will not join a race to the bottom that leads to higher prices and slower growth,» Albanese said, according to Reuters.

Canada and Mexico are exempt from the reciprocal tariffs for now, but they face a 25% tariff on goods, with Canada also being slapped with a 10% energy tariff. While Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney vowed to «fight these tariffs with countermeasures,» Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum said her country would announce a «comprehensive program» on Thursday, according to Reuters.

Trump and Starmer

Britain’s Prime Minister Keir Starmer, left, and Trump speak during a joint press conference in the East Room at the White House on Thursday, Feb. 27, 2025, in Washington.  (Carl Court/Pool Photo via AP)

When speaking to reporters, U.K. Prime Minister Keir Starmer did not criticize Trump, rather he said that the U.S. president was acting on «his mandate.» However, he also said that «nothing is off the table.» The prime minister assured that his government is working to make «an economic prosperity deal» with the U.S

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Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced on Tuesday that his country would preemptively lift all tariffs on U.S. goods. However, Trump still announced a 17% reciprocal tariff on Israel. Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich said his office was «analyzing the implications for the economy.» Smotrich also said that he would meet with the Finance Ministry to discuss possible responses. 

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