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El pacto de un cineasta con el diablo durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial para salvar su vida

Al inicio de la nueva novela de Daniel Kehlmann, El director, un hombre conoce y elogia al cineasta austríaco G. W. Pabst, quien vive exiliado de los nazis. “Usted es un maestro”, dice el hombre. “Es un pintor oscuro, un verdadero artista de los sueños”. Poco sabe este artista que, en cuestión de años, se verá obligado a tragarse su orgullo, abandonar sus principios y crear más de esos sueños dentro de la pesadilla del Tercer Reich.
El director muestra a Kehlmann, una vez más, combinando hechos con ficción para dramatizar a una figura famosa. El autor, nacido en Múnich, siempre ha manejado esta fusión con soltura. Su última novela, Tyll (publicada en inglés en 2020), situó a un personaje pícaro del folclore alemán en el contexto de una Europa del siglo XVII devastada por la guerra y repleta de magia negra. Su best seller internacional, La medición del mundo (2006), trazó las vidas y los descubrimientos de dos científicos de la Ilustración alemana. El libro más reciente de Kehlmann se centra en un período clave de la historia de Pabst y examina cómo su arte fue moldeado tanto por la integridad como por la complicidad.
La primera parte de la novela constituye la calma antes de la tormenta. Es la década de 1930, y Pabst ha huido de su tierra natal hacia Hollywood. Aclamado como el mayor director de Europa, es persuadido de rodar una película con un argumento débil. Tiene poco control creativo y la película resulta ser un fracaso. El director exiliado Fred Zinnemann le dice a Trude, la esposa de Pabst, que su marido podría tener éxito en Estados Unidos si se recupera y “aprende las reglas”. “Escapamos del infierno, deberíamos estar celebrando todo el día. Pero, en cambio, nos lamentamos porque tenemos que hacer westerns, aunque seamos alérgicos a los caballos”.
Pabst imagina dejar su huella en Estados Unidos con otros proyectos. Sin embargo, antes de eso, regresa con Trude y su hijo Jakob a la Austria controlada por los nazis para visitar a su madre, cuya salud está deteriorándose. Pero sus mejores planes de trasladar a su madre a un sanatorio, y a su familia de vuelta al otro lado del Atlántico, se ven frustrados cuando Alemania invade Polonia.
Estalla la guerra (“la judería mundial no lo habría permitido de otra manera”, dice un personaje) y las fronteras se cierran. Incapaz de escapar, Pabst no tiene más opción que aceptar el salvavidas lanzado por el ministro de propaganda Joseph Goebbels y hacer películas para los estudios nazis. Con guiones decentes, altos presupuestos y excelentes actores, Pabst produce obras de las que se siente orgulloso. Pero su decisión de colaborar y comprometerse le costará caro a él, a su familia y a su reputación.

El director comienza algo en falso con un capítulo inicial que no gira en torno a Pabst, sino a su exasistente, el ahora anciano Franz Wilzek, quien es tan olvidadizo e inestable que amenaza con ser un desastroso entrevistado en un programa de televisión austríaco. Resulta que Wilzek enmarca la novela. Cuando reaparece en el capítulo final, la niebla que oscurecía su memoria se disipa brevemente y recuerda una verdad pertinente. Esto permite a su creador cerrar la obra con un giro inteligente, uno que pone a un personaje y un evento pasado en una perspectiva marcadamente diferente.
Entre estas dos secciones se desarrolla una narrativa que es mayoritariamente episódica. La mayoría de esos episodios, a nivel de capítulo, están interconectados, pero algunos son independientes. A veces, Kehlmann realiza transiciones fluidas de una escena a otra; en otras ocasiones, sus capítulos toman la forma de cortes bruscos. Esto puede resultar desorientador inicialmente, en especial cuando avanza en el tiempo o cambia el punto de vista.
Sin embargo, sería mezquino criticar a Kehlmann por su estructura, ya que sus episodios comprenden una serie de cautivadoras escenas que, al ensamblarse, conforman un todo profundamente satisfactorio. En un inquietante capítulo, Pabst y su familia son hechos sentir no bienvenidos en la casa de su madre por el cuidador de la propiedad, un fanático del Führer cuyo comportamiento oscila entre la sumisión y la malevolencia. En otro capítulo casi surrealista, Trude asiste a un club de lectura y observa, consternada, cómo una mujer es expulsada del grupo por mencionar libros que los nazis han prohibido y quemado.

Una escena familiar en un tren, en la que oficiales alemanes en uniforme intimidan mientras revisan los papeles y pasaportes de los pasajeros, se vuelve más original, y de hecho más siniestra, al ser narrada desde la perspectiva de un joven e ingenuo Jakob. Y se viven momentos de tensión cuando un levantamiento en Praga obliga a Pabst y Wilzek a detener el rodaje y a correr en busca de refugio.
Kehlmann también impresiona con escenas que involucran a Pabst y a diversas personalidades históricas. Greta Garbo y la “llama viva” Louise Brooks lo dejan en la estacada al rechazar su propuesta de película. La cineasta de Hitler, Leni Riefenstahl, arremete contra las críticas creativas de Pabst y lo amenaza con “consecuencias”. P.G. Wodehouse, prisionero de guerra en el Reich, comenta la gran libertad que tiene Pabst como director. Pero es el cameo de Goebbels el más fascinante. Kehlmann retrata al “ministro” en su versión más desequilibrada: gritando de rabia, riéndose con deleite, rompiendo un teléfono y dando a Pabst, “un enemigo del pueblo alemán”, la elección entre el castigo y la redención.
“Lo importante es hacer arte en las circunstancias en las que uno se encuentra”, dice Pabst en un momento. La novela de Kehlmann es tanto una vívida representación de esas circunstancias como un retrato cautivador del artista navegándolas.
Fuente: The Washington Post
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Progressive Democrats turn on party leadership after government shutdown ends without healthcare guarantees

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Several Democrats broke ranks with their party to end the longest government shutdown in U.S. history in a move that has triggered backlash from rising progressive stars, including Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., who questioned whether the 43-day standoff had been worth it.
The intraparty revolt has exposed a widening rift between Democratic leadership and its left flank, as progressive candidates accused Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., of surrendering leverage to Republicans and President Donald Trump in exchange for a funding deal that left key healthcare priorities unresolved.
«We have federal workers across the country that have been missing paychecks. We have SNAP recipients, millions of SNAP recipients across the country whose access to food stability was imperiled, and we have to figure out what that was for,» Ocasio-Cortez said, before adding, «We cannot enable this kind of cruelty with our cowardice.»
Back on the campaign trail, several Democrats running in next year’s midterm elections blasted colleagues who voted to reopen the government without extending the pandemic-era Obamacare subsidies — the key provision they’ve pushed for since the shutdown began on Oct. 1.
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Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., talks with reporters outside the U.S. Capitol about members security after the murder of Charlie Kirk on Thursday, Sept. 11, 2025. (Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images)
Aftyn Behn, the Democratic nominee to represent Tennessee’s 7th Congressional District who has been described as the «AOC of TN,» said the shutdown ending proved «we need a new generation of leadership in Washington» and criticized the «career politicians» who caved without a guarantee to vote on ACA subsidies from House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La.
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Saikat Chakrabarti, Ocasio-Cortez’s former chief of staff who is running to replace House Speaker Emerita Nancy Pelosi in her congressional district in San Francisco, agreed those Democrats who «caved» to Trump to reopen the government proved «we need a new generation of leaders in Congress.»

Tennessee state Rep. Aftyn Behn speaks to members of the audience before the start of a Democratic Party forum for candidates running for the 7th Congressional District special election at the Fairview Recreation Center in Fairview on Sunday, Sept. 7, 2025. (Alan Poizner-For The Tennessean/USA Today Network via Imagn Images)
«After 40 days of holding firm, with public opinion and momentum on our side, establishment Democrats decided to cave to Trump. Schumer and the entire democratic leadership need to step down — and if they run for re-election, we need to primary them,» Chakrabarti said.
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Dr. Abdul El-Sayed, one of several progressive candidates vying for Michigan’s open U.S. Senate seat next year, who «literally wrote the book on Medicare for All,» according to his campaign website,» said the healthcare fight shouldn’t end with ACA subsidies.
«It HAS TO BE bigger. Too many Americans are suffering over medical debt and spiraling costs. It should be nothing short of Medicare for All,» he said.
El-Sayed said Americans should be «spitting mad about a few Senate Dems capitulating as health insurance premiums skyrocket for 25M people.»
As word circulated Sunday night that Congress was approaching a deal to reopen the government, New York City Mayor-elect Zohran Mamdani called on Democrats to reject the bill.
«This ‘deal’ dramatically hikes healthcare premiums and only exacerbates the affordability crisis,» Mamdani said. «It should be rejected, as should any politics willing to compromise on the basic needs of working people.»

Rep. Ro Khanna, D-Calif., speaks at a campaign event for Zohran Mamdani in New York City on Saturday, Nov. 1, 2025. New York voters are turning out early in high numbers for a mayoral race that’s captured the country’s attention. (Christian Monterrosa/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
And Rep. Ro Khanna, D-Calif., who traveled to Queens, New York City, to campaign for Mamdani last month, has said this week that reopening the government without healthcare guarantees proved Schumer is «no longer effective and should be replaced.»
«If you can’t lead the fight to stop healthcare premiums from skyrocketing for Americans, what will you fight for?» Khanna said.
House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., on Thursday shifted the blame to Republicans, charging Trump and Republicans of adopting a «my way or the highway» approach in Congress.
«Unless they change course, we’re going to have challenges governmentally for the balance of the first two years of Donald Trump’s time in office,» Jeffries said on MSNBC’s «Way Too Early.»
Funding for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) expired on Nov. 1, jeopardizing food access for millions of low-income Americans who rely on the benefit.

Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., speaks at the «No Kings» Rally in Washington, D.C., on Oct. 18, 2025. (Fox News Digital/Emma Woodhead)
While Ocasio-Cortez questioned what the shutdown was for, if not to preserve the healthcare subsidies, Rep. Shomari Figures, D-Ala., argued Wednesday that healthcare in Alabama is more than just a «talking point,» citing Alabama’s low life expectancy rates and limited hospitals.
«Protecting health care for us is a requisite,» he said. «It’s a requirement. It’s something we have to do. And if you ask us if the shutdown was worth it, I say, hell yes, it was worth it. Because fighting to maintain healthcare for American people, there’s nothing more pure than that. There’s no more important role that we have here as members of Congress.»
Meanwhile, «Squad» member Rep. Ilhan Omar, D-Minn., called the Senate’s deal a «betrayal of working people and a sham.»
«The public rightly recognizes that Trump and Congressional Republicans are to blame for the longest government shutdown in history,» Omar said in a statement on behalf of the progressive caucus.
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And Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt., a longtime supporter of Medicare for All and universal healthcare, also criticized Trump on Wednesday for being «willing to see children go hungry to make a political point.»
«I think what is so important for folks to understand is that this problem is bigger than one person, and it actually is bigger than the minority leader in the Senate,» Ocasio-Cortez said Wednesday, calling this failure of Democrats to hold the line on the government shutdown a «reflection of the party.»
Fox News’ Tyler Olson and Ryan Schmelz contributed to this report.
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Top Ukrainian officials in Zelenskyy government submit resignations amid $100 million corruption scandal

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Two senior Ukrainian officials submitted their resignations Wednesday amid the fallout over an alleged $100 million kickback corruption scheme linked to the state-owned nuclear power company Energoatom.
Prime Minister Yuliia Svyrydenko said on X that Justice Minister Herman Halushchenko and Energy Minister Svitlana Grynchuk submitted their resignations, and the government suspended several senior officials at Energoatom amid the corruption probe.
Svyrydenko added that the cabinet also submitted proposals to apply personal sanctions against Timur Mindich, a former business partner of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, and businessman Alexander Tsukerman.
Justice Minister Herman Halushchenko and Energy Minister Svitlana Grynchuk submitted their resignations on Nov. 12, 2025. (Thierry Monasse/Getty Images; Andrii Nesterenko/Global Images Ukraine via Getty Images)
Ukraine’s independent anti-corruption agencies, the National Anti-Corruption Bureau (NABU) and the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office (SAPO) said they led a 15-month investigation code-named «Midas» that uncovered a «large-scale corruption scheme to influence strategic state-owned enterprises.»
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It involved a «high level criminal [organization]» that systematically received «illicit benefits from Energoatom’s contractors in the amount of 10% to 15% of the contract value,» NABU said.
«In particular, Energoatom’s contractors were forced to pay kickbacks to avoid having payments for their services/products blocked or losing their supplier status,» the agencies announced.

The offices of NABU, the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, on Oct. 1, 2019, in Kyiv, Ukraine. (Sean Gallup/Getty)
The anti-corruption agencies stated that the alleged criminal organization ran a Kyiv-based «laundry» office whose premises belonged to the family of former Ukrainian lawmaker and current Russian senator Andrii Derkach.
ZELENSKYY: UKRAINE ‘CONFIDENTLY MOVING TOWARD’ EU MEMBERSHIP AFTER EUROPEAN COMMISSION PROGRESS REPORT
The office kept «black accounting» records and laundered approximately $100 million through non-resident companies, according to NABU and SAPO.
Five people were detained and another seven were placed under suspicion, including a former advisor to the Minister of Energy.
The scandal comes amid Russia’s escalating attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure that have led to power outages across the country.

A seller waits for customers in a shop during a partial blackout in Lviv on Nov. 28, 2024, following Russian strikes on Ukrainian energy infrastructure amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. (Yuriy Dyachyshyn/AFP via Getty Images)
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«Internally this scandal will be used to undermine unity and stability within the country. Externally, our enemies will use it as an argument to stop aid to Ukraine,» said Oleksandr Merezhko, a lawmaker with Zelenskyy’s party, according to The Associated Press.
«It looks really bad in the eyes of our European and American partners,» Merezhko said. «While Russians destroy our power grid and people have to endure blackouts, someone at the top was stealing money during the war.»
Zelenskyy said in a post on X that he supports the investigations carried out by Ukraine’s law enforcement and anti-corruption officials.

President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy participates in a briefing at the Office of the President following a staff meeting in Kyiv, Ukraine, on Nov. 7, 2025.
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«Right now it is extremely difficult for everyone in Ukraine – enduring power outages, Russian strikes, and losses. It is absolutely unacceptable that, amid all this, there are also some schemes in the energy sector,» he wrote. «I will sign a decree to impose sanctions on two individuals implicated in the NABU case concerning Energoatom. Right now we all must protect Ukraine. Undermining the state means you will be held accountable. Breaking the law means you will be held accountable.»
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