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Medio Oriente: el acuerdo presenta más dudas que certezas y deja para más adelante la cuestión nuclear iraní

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Irán y Estados Unidos acordaron un memorando de entendimiento para poner fin a la guerra y reabrir el estratégico estrecho de Ormuz que se firmará el viernes en Suiza, pero aún quedan en el aire varias cuestiones y muchas discrepancias entre las partes.

El acuerdo preliminar deja para más adelante la espinosa cuestión del programa nuclear iraní, que se discutirá en los 60 días siguientes a la firma del acuerdo.

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El contenido no se hizo público y las filtraciones citadas por medios iraníes y estadounidenses muestran grandes divergencias en el texto.

Cuáles son las cuestiones pendientes

El anuncio de un acuerdo significó un alivio para la región, aunque dejó a Israel en una posición difícil. Analistas consideran que fue el gran perdedor en esta guerra, más allá de los inobjetables triunfos militares de la coalición estadounidense-israelí.

Estas son las cuestiones principales pendientes entre los dos rivales:

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  • El estrecho de Ormuz. Irán levantará el bloqueo que impuso en el estrecho de Ormuz tras el inicio de la guerra el 28 de febrero, mientras que Estados Unidos suspenderá el cerco a buques y puertos iraníes que estableció como respuesta a Teherán tras la firma del acuerdo en Ginebra.

Pero Teherán insiste en que cobrará unas tasas por el paso por el que transitaba el 20 % del petróleo mundial antes del comienzo de la guerra.

El portavoz del Ministerio de Exteriores iraní, Ismail Bagaei, reiteró este lunes que Teherán cobrará unas tasas por servicios de seguridad y medioambiente, aunque no especificó la cantidad.

Desde Estados Unidos se asegura que esto no es así. El propio presidente estadounidense, Donald Trump, aseguró a periodistas que el acuerdo con Irán garantiza un Ormuz “libre de peajes de forma permanente”, según el diario The New York Times.

Un buque portacontenedores anclado, con un pequeño bote de motor en primer plano, en el estrecho de Ormuz frente a Bandar Abbas, Irán, el sábado 2 de mayo de 2026. (Amirhosein Khorgooi/ISNA vía AP)

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  • Fondos iraníes congelados en el extranjero e indemnizaciones. Teherán asegura que recibirá 12.000 millones de dólares de su propiedad bloqueados por Washington en bancos extranjeros antes del inicio de las conversaciones nucleares que seguirán a la firma del acuerdo, según la agencia Mehr, que dice tener el texto. Y antes del fin del plazo de 60 días para cerrar un acuerdo nuclear recibirá otros 12.000 millones de dólares.

Teherán también insiste en el pago de indemnizaciones por los daños causados por la guerra en suelo iraní, según dijo Bagaei, que no ofreció más detalles.

Mehr asegura que Estados Unidos y sus aliados presentarán un plan para la reconstrucción del país persa por valor de 300.000 millones de dólares.

Desde Estados Unidos se asegura que todo esto no es cierto y que Irán irá recibiendo parte de los fondos bloqueados conforme vaya cumpliendo con sus compromisos adquiridos en el acuerdo.

Leé también: Condenaron a cuatro años de cárcel al hijo de la princesa de Noruega por dos casos de violación y maltrato

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  • Sanciones a la venta del petróleo. Las sanciones estadounidenses e internacionales prohíben la venta y compra de petróleo a Irán, que vende en el mercado negro sus productos petroquímicos, sobre todo a China.

Bagaei aseguró que, como parte del memorando de entendimiento, “estas restricciones deberán desaparecer e Irán tendrá que poder vender petróleo, productos petroquímicos y derivados del petróleo sin ningún obstáculo ni problema”.

Estados Unidos no confirmó este extremo y países europeos como Alemania, Francia, Reino Unido e Italia se mostraron hoy dispuestos a levantar sanciones a Irán “en respuesta a medidas claras y verificables por parte de Irán en relación con su programa nuclear”, algo muy lejos de lo planteado por Teherán.

  • Programa nuclear. Irán insiste en que en el memorando de entendimiento que se firmará el viernes se comprometerá a “no fabricar armas nucleares”, según Mehr, algo que ha reiterado el país en numerosas ocasiones.

El resto de la cuestión nuclear será tratado en los siguientes 60 días a la firma, según Teherán, que no dio más información al respecto.

Un iraní sostiene una bandera nacional y un retrato del líder supremo, Mojtaba Jamenei, en una calle de Teherán (Foto: Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS)

Un iraní sostiene una bandera nacional y un retrato del líder supremo, Mojtaba Jamenei, en una calle de Teherán (Foto: Majid Asgaripour/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS)

Trump, por su parte, aseguró que el país persa suspenderá el enriquecimiento de uranio por entre 15 y 20 años, y que además “nunca” enriquecerá a niveles que pueda usarse para fines nucleares.

Además, la República Islámica diluirá los 440 kilogramos de uranio enriquecido al 60 % en su posesión.

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  • Líbano. El canciller iraní, Abás Araqchí, insistió este lunes en “la necesidad de un cese total de la agresión” de Israel contra el Líbano para que se cierre el acuerdo con Estados Unidos.

Para Teherán se trata de una “línea roja”, pero no está claro que Trump pueda garantizar que Israel no vuelva a atacar al país árabe.

(Con información de EFE)

Irán, Donald Trump, Israel

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Indonesian passenger ship carrying 240 people loses contact in Java Sea, search underway

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A passenger ship carrying 240 people vanished from contact in the Java Sea on Sunday local time, triggering an urgent search as Indonesian crews raced to locate the vessel.

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The Virgo Transport 8 was traveling from Surabaya, East Java, to Banjarmasin on the island of Borneo when communications with the ship were lost, the Associated Press reported, citing Indonesia’s Banjarmasin Search and Rescue Office.

Authorities said the vessel was last tracked roughly 92 miles from a pier in Banjarmasin, the capital of South Kalimantan province.

MOM LOSES GRIP ON DAUGHTER AS PASSENGER FERRY CAPSIZES WITH 20 PEOPLE STILL MISSING

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Authorities are searching for the Virgo Transport 8 after the passenger ship lost contact while traveling from East Java to South Kalimantan. (EyesWideOpen/Getty Images)

Search-and-rescue teams launched an operation after receiving a report that the ship had suffered a communications failure during the voyage, according to the AP.

Officials had not reported any deaths or injuries as of Sunday, and it was not immediately clear what caused the vessel to lose contact or whether weather conditions were affecting the search.

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MULTIPLE RESCUED FROM PONTOON BOAT NEAR ALCATRAZ AS SEARCH CONTINUES FOR MISSING PERSONS

Virgo Transport 8 passenger ship loses contact while crossing Indonesia’s Java Sea

The Virgo Transport 8 lost contact while traveling from Surabaya to Banjarmasin, according to officials. (EyesWideOpen/Getty Images)

The Virgo Transport 8 departed Surabaya, Indonesia’s second-largest city, before losing contact while crossing the Java Sea toward South Kalimantan.

The search remains underway.

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The Associated Press contributed to this report.



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‘Trump-level’ smackdown earns Vance roaring praise as 2028 buzz builds at GOP convention

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Republicans reached a consensus that Vice President JD Vance solidified his position as the presumptive 2028 presidential candidate with his «Trump-level» smackdown of a foreign flag-waving protester who disrupted his speech at the Republican National Convention.

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Vance did not hesitate after a protester interrupted his primetime speech in Dallas on Thursday by waving the flags of the Palestinian Authority and Mexico. He recalled to those watching his speech on TV: «What the people at home missed is that we just had a protester interrupting us and waving the Mexican flag.»

«Well, my friend, if you love Mexico so much, get your a– over there. I’ll buy you the plane ticket,» the VP said, to which the crowd erupted into applause.

«JD Vance just MIC DROPPED a leftist heckler who interrupted him waving a Mexican flag…this place is DEAFENING,» conservative commentator Eric Daugherty wrote on X, adding, «TOTAL PANDEMONIUM.»

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CROWD ERUPTS AS VANCE SMACKS DOWN PROTESTER WAVING MEXICAN FLAG: ‘GET YOUR A– OVER THERE’

A protestor throws a Mexican flag as Vice President JD Vance speaks during the second day of the Republican National Committee midterm convention at the American Airlines Center in Dallas, Texas on September 10, 2026. (Brendan SMIALOWSKI / AFP via Getty Images)

Popular conservative pundit Benny Johnson called Vance’s quick wit an «epic response.» President Donald Trump supporter and activist Scott Pressler similarly praised Vance for reacting «without missing a beat,» and called it «an iconic moment.»

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«This was masterful. A Trump-level move from JD Vance,» wrote Overton, a conservative commentary and news account. «Vice President Vance perfectly handled a protestor waving a Mexican flag at the RNC in Dallas. Then he fired back with a savage one-liner that sent the American Airlines Center into absolute bedlam.»

The moment was capped off with a «USA!» chant from those in the crowd at the GOP Midterm Convention.

Students for Trump co-founder Ryan Fournier wrote, «JD Vance just absolute [sic] WIPED THE FLOOR with a leftist heckler who interrupted his rally waving a Mexican flag.»

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«The crowd went completely WILD. Unbelievable energy,» wrote Fournier.

VANCE DECLARES DEMOCRATS ‘PARTY OF HATRED,’ SAYS PARTY HAS MOVED BEYOND BIG GOVERNMENT, CENSORSHIP

JD Vance

Vice President JD Vance introduces U.S. President Donald Trump to speak on stage on the second day of the 2026 Republican National Convention at the American Airlines Center on September 10, 2026, in Dallas, Texas. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)

«JD Vance just notched the most iconic moment of the RNC when he told a protester waving a Mexican flag exactly what all red blooded Americans were thinking,» wrote Turning Point USA spokesman Andrew Kolvet.

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Commentator Brilyn Hollyhand put it simply, posting on X, «Yea JD for President after this.»

Vance recovered from the interruption quickly, telling the crowd, «Ladies and gentlemen, I had a whole speech written. But I think I’ve got to change it because we just discovered the symbol of the far left — an idiot waving … a Mexican flag at a protest when he should be waving the flag of the United States of America.»

«Now, we all know, of course, that as much as that person might wave around a foreign flag, he’d much rather live in Dallas, or in Cincinnati, or in any one of our great cities than Mexico,» President Donald Trump’s No. 2 continued. «But while we wave the American flag and fight for the American dream, we have to remind ourselves tonight that the good life that is the foundation of this country’s promise is not guaranteed.»

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CHARLIE KIRK HONORED AT GOP CONVENTION WITH CALL TO REJECT ‘COMFORTABLE LOSING’

Republican National Convention attendees

People hold signs on the first day of the 2026 Republican National Convention at the American Airlines Center on September 9, 2026, in Dallas, Texas. (Photo by Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images)

«Every generation of Americans has had to fight for these things when it’s our turn,» he went on.

«And this fall, the Democrats are running candidates who will tell your children what they’re allowed to say, how they’re allowed to live, and importantly, who they ought to hate, because that’s what the Democrat Party is about in 2026,» Vance continued. «It’s not about you, it’s about foreign fraudsters, and it’s about who they hate. And we got to send their a–es back in November.»

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Speculation has swirled over who will be the heir to Trump’s MAGA throne in 2028. The consensus so far among Republicans appears to be split between Vance and Secretary of State Marco Rubio — but a lot could change before the next presidential election.

jd vance, republican convention, politics, dallas fort worth, texas, donald trump, us protests

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Top House chairman warns Congress against ‘complacency’ 25 years after 9/11

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House Homeland Security Committee Chairman Andrew Garbarino, R-N.Y., remembers exactly where he was when the World Trade Center was attacked on Sept. 11, 2001.

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«I was a senior in high school. I was in Mr. Ponzi’s government class. And that’s when the first plane hit. And one of the other teachers came in and was telling Mr. Ponzi about it,» he told Fox News Digital. «We all thought it was a little plane. And then we went to the next class. And then the second plane hit, and everybody realized that stuff was wrong.»

Twenty-five years later, Garbarino leads a congressional committee that oversees a Cabinet department created explicitly after the terror attack. He’s warning that Congress needs to change how it deals with potential threats to avoid another tragedy of that scale.

«Being chairman of the committee, being a New Yorker, it’s one of those things you focus on, and you want to make sure another 9/11 doesn’t happen, and doesn’t ever happen again. And that’s my goal. That’s my priority,» he said.

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House Homeland Security Committee Chairman Andrew Garbarino, R-N.Y., is sounding the alarm against congressional «complacency,» 25 years after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. (Newspix via Getty Images)

9/11 IS BECOMING HISTORY. MY GENERATION MUST MAKE SURE AMERICA NEVER FORGETS

«Congress is very good at being reactive… We don’t want another 9/11. So if I could leave my fingerprints on something here, it’s the fact that the focus, Congress’ focus on national security, Congress’ focus on homeland security or safety, is that we address an issue before something happens.»

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HOW 9/11 TRANSFORMED SYNAGOGUE SECURITY INTO A NEW REALITY FOR THE JEWISH COMMUNITY

He said Congress needed to get into the habit of passing laws ahead of time, «instead of being like, ‘Oh my God I can’t believe this happened, how did this happen, let’s fix it now.’»

«That’s why 9/11 happened. 9/11 happened because our intelligence agencies, they were siloed, they were not sharing information. I don’t know if it was a complacency or whatever, but there were a lot of problems,» Garbarino said. «I don’t want to fall into that same complacency.»

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Garbarino represents New York’s 2nd Congressional District, part of Long Island’s south shore. As a suburb of New York City, its residents are deeply attuned to that tragedy 25 years ago.

A lawmaker sits during a formal congressional hearing inside a government building.

House Homeland Security Committee Chairman Rep. Andrew Garbarino presides over a hearing in the Cannon House Office Building in Washington on Dec. 11, 2025. (Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)

«We have people that lost loved ones that day that are still dealing with it 25 years later,» Garbarino said. «So the scar is still there.»

His district and others are also still dealing with illnesses stemming from that day, including first responders who bravely rushed to the collapsing twin towers.

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«There are now more people that have died from 9/11-related illnesses than died on the actual day. So it’s a day that keeps taking people away from us,» Garbarino said.

«You have firemen who, 9/11 was their first call. They were 21, 22 years old. They’re now 47… And a lot of these, some of these cancers, they take a while to take hold, and they’re now just getting sick.»

SCIENTISTS DISCOVER POSSIBLE LINK BETWEEN 9/11 AND ACCELERATED AGING

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People rush away from the collapsing World Trade Center in New York City.

People rush away from the collapsing World Trade Center on Sept. 11, 2001, after two hijacked airplanes hit the twin towers in New York City in a terrorist attack. (Getty Images)

Earlier this year, President Donald Trump signed legislation led by Garbarino and others to address a projected funding shortfall for the World Trade Center Health Program, which helps survivors pay for their medical treatment.

He said nearly all congressional districts across the country have at least one person participating in the program, a testament to how widespread the tragedy’s effects are.

«People moved out of New York, people who came from all over the country after 9/11 to help, they all went back home, they also got sick. So this does affect the entire country,» Garbarino said.

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september 11, politics, new york city, homeland security, terror

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