INTERNACIONAL
El origen de los anillos de Saturno: cómo una antigua luna pudo cambiar la historia del planeta para siempre

(SOCIEDAD INVESTIGACIÓN Y TECNOLOGÍA NASA/JPL-CALTECH/SPACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE)
Saturno se distingue en el sistema solar por su tamaño y por la presencia de un sistema de anillos que ha fascinado tanto a científicos como a aficionados a la astronomía. Con un diámetro de 116.460 kilómetros, este planeta es el segundo más grande, solo superado por Júpiter. Su volumen es aproximadamente diez veces superior al de la Tierra, según National Geographic.
A pesar de sus dimensiones, lo que ha intrigado a la comunidad científica son sus anillos y la inclinación de su eje, que alcanza 26,7 grados. Hasta fechas recientes, el origen de estos anillos constituía uno de los grandes enigmas de la astronomía, porque no existía una explicación convincente sobre su formación.
La juventud de los anillos, en contraste con la edad estimada de Saturno, añadía complejidad al problema: mientras el planeta tiene aproximadamente 4.500 millones de años, los anillos muestran signos de ser mucho más recientes, lo que motivó numerosas investigaciones.
La existencia de anillos tan jóvenes no se correspondía con la antigüedad del planeta, impulsando la búsqueda de hipótesis capaces de explicar cómo y cuándo surgieron los anillos, así como el motivo por el cual parecen estar compuestos principalmente por hielo de agua.

Hipótesis y la destrucción de la luna Crisálida como origen
Un estudio reciente de la Universidad de California, presentado durante la conferencia Lunar and Planetary Science, celebrada por la Sociedad de Ciencias Planetarias, propone una explicación: los anillos serían el resultado de la destrucción de una antigua luna del planeta, denominada Crisálida. Según los investigadores, este satélite se desintegró tras acercarse demasiado al planeta, en un evento que habría ocurrido hace entre 100 y 200 millones de años.
La hipótesis responde a dos preguntas clave: la juventud de los anillos y su composición, predominantemente de hielo. Establece que Crisálida orbitaba junto a otras lunas importantes como Titán, contribuyendo al equilibrio gravitatorio, hasta que perdió estabilidad por razones aún desconocidas y colisionó violentamente con Saturno, fragmentándose en el proceso.
Las simulaciones desarrolladas por el equipo científico muestran que la intensa gravedad actuó de modo selectivo durante el impacto con Crisálida. Al atravesar la atmósfera superior del planeta, el satélite perdió su manto helado, mientras que buena parte de su núcleo rocoso permaneció intacto o se desplazó hacia el interior del planeta.
El autor principal del estudio, Yifei Jiao, indicó que se desconoce si existía algún anillo previo al evento. La formación del actual sistema de anillos se atribuye al material helado desprendido en la colisión, que se dispersó en forma de disco de escombros alrededor de Saturno. Esto explica que los anillos estén compuestos casi exclusivamente por hielo de agua, mientras el material rocoso de la antigua luna terminó en la atmósfera profunda o se perdió en el espacio.
Las consecuencias de la desaparición de Crisálida

La desaparición de Crisálida tuvo efectos directos para Saturno. El suceso habría roto la antigua resonancia gravitatoria entre el planeta y Neptuno, fijando la inclinación actual de su eje. Además, la cantidad de material resultante de la colisión coincide con la masa observada hoy en el sistema de anillos, lo que refuerza la hipótesis planteada.
De acuerdo al equipo de investigación, este escenario permite explicar por qué los anillos de Saturno son jóvenes y, al mismo tiempo, se ajusta a la cantidad de materia que actualmente orbita al planeta. Los datos y simulaciones aportados respaldan que la desaparición de un satélite de gran tamaño habría sido suficiente para generar el sistema de anillos que se observa en la actualidad.
Con el tiempo, la interacción de Titán y otras lunas cercanas ha modificado el cinturón de fragmentos generado tras la colisión. Los cálculos sugieren que el sistema original de escombros pudo haber sido hasta tres veces más masivo que el actual. Las fuerzas gravitatorias habrían eliminado o expulsado cerca del 70 % de la masa inicial desde el desmembramiento de Crisálida.
Actualmente, los astrónomos buscan pruebas de este evento en las superficies de otros cuerpos del sistema. El hallazgo de cráteres inusuales o de depósitos de material en otras lunas heladas podría confirmar la existencia de Crisálida. Si se encontraran estas evidencias, el antiguo satélite dejaría de ser solo una hipótesis y se convertiría en un caso concreto para investigación futura.
INTERNACIONAL
Trump marks 80th birthday, now second octogenarian sitting president: ‘Seemed to utterly defy age’

Trump sets record with 22-specialist physical exam
Fox News senior medical contributor Dr. Marc Siegel breaks down Trump’s recent physical, noting his heart health is comparable to someone 14 years younger. The record-setting 22-specialist examination results fuel debate on presidential health, ageism and transparency ahead of his 80th birthday.
NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!
President Donald Trump turned 80 on Sunday, becoming only the second sitting U.S. president to reach octogenarian status in the Oval Office, leaving even his onetime political opponents marveling at his defying the effects of Father Time – even if his critics continue to share concerns they never had with the older former President Joe Biden, now 83.
«You don’t have to wish me a happy birthday, because I’m not happy about that birthday that I’m having,» Trump joked with Dr. Mehmet Oz, 66, in an Oval Office video shared Thursday on Instagram. «It’s a number I haven’t thought too much about.
«It’s not a number I like, but I’m here nevertheless.»
Trump’s White House is celebrating his keeping up the fight with an Ultimate Fighting Championship on the South Lawn.
TRUMP LOOKING FORWARD TO ATTENDING UFC WHITE HOUSE EVENT FEATURING ‘ALL TOP’ FIGHTERS
President Donald Trump has long hailed his cognitive abilities and is resurfacing the scoring on tests as he approaches his 80th birthday June 14. (Aaron Schwartz/Sipa/Bloomberg)
«At least to date, he has seemed to utterly defy age,» said Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas. The 55-year-old Cruz was a target of Trump’s political fire a decade ago on the opposite side of the Republican presidential primary race.
«I don’t know where he gets the energy that he displays, but he is up early in the morning and late at night,» Cruz added.
Trump, born June 14, 1946, in Queens, New York, crossed the threshold previously reached by Biden, who turned 80 in 2022 while serving in the White House. Trump was already the oldest president ever sworn into office when he began his second term in January 2025 at age 78.
RFK JR: DR OZ SAYS TRUMP HAS ‘HIGHEST TESTOSTERONE LEVEL’ HE’S SEEN IN A MAN OLDER THAN 70

Former President Joe Biden remains the oldest to serve as commander in chief, but President Donald Trump will surpass him by the end of his term in January 2028. Both have surpassed former Presidents Ronald Reagan and Dwight D. Eisenhower as the oldest siting presidents. ((Getty Images))
«He has gained in stamina as he has gotten older,» former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, 82, said recently.
Unlike Biden, whose age and mental acuity became a central political liability before he left office, Trump and his allies have repeatedly pointed to the president’s busy public schedule, frequent media appearances and hands-on governing style as evidence that he remains active and engaged.
Trump hailed his latest physical by White House Dr. Sean Barbabella declaring him to be in «exceptional» health and his cardiac age being «approximately 14 years younger than his chronological age.»
TRUMP DECLARED ‘FULLY FIT’ FOR ALL PRESIDENTIAL DUTIES AFTER ANNUAL PHYSICAL SHOWS ‘EXCELLENT HEALTH’
«They said I’m very healthy,» Trump told «Pod Force One with Miranda Devine» earlier this month, saying he has «an obligation» to give periodic cognitive reports on his mental acuity after Biden’s administration.
«I took a test and cognitive test and I got 100% on it. I got as the expression goes: I aced it. And the doctors told me it’s very, very few people can ace. That’s actually a tough test.»
Trump noted Biden was able to skirt potential prosecution for retention of classified documents because special counsel Robert Hur declared Biden to be a «sympathetic, well-meaning, elderly man with a poor memory.»
TRUMP PITCHES COGNITIVE TESTS FOR LEADERS, TAKES AIM AT HARRIS, WALZ, NEWSOM
«I have a great memory,» Trump told Devine. «Look, so far so good. I hope I’m going to keep it that way.
«If I don’t, you’ll be the first to know. You’ll say [after] this interview: ‘This isn’t the same Trump; I think he’s lost it.’»
The White House has also sought to bolster that message with medical updates. Trump’s physician said the president remains in «excellent health» and «fully fit» to carry out the duties of commander-in-chief.
«Unlike other U.S. Presidents, none of whom have ever taken an approved, high difficulty, Cognitive Test, I scored a perfect 30 out of 30, considered ‘extreme intelligence,’» the post began.
«Are the Dumocrats really surprised?»
WHITE HOUSE PROVIDES TRUMP HEALTH UPDATE AFTER MRI SCAN CONCERNS SWIRLED
Trump has long cast his stamina as a political asset, regularly contrasting his pace and public visibility with Biden’s more limited appearances during his presidency. Supporters say the difference is clear: Trump remains outspoken, combative and highly visible as he enters his ninth decade.
Some Democrats have seized on images of Trump’s bruising of his hand and with his eyes closed during meetings and lengthy Cabinet news conferences, which Trump has noted provide unprecedented transparency and access to the administration lasting up to three hours of live back-and-forth.
«That’s false: I’ve never seen him fall asleep,» Secretary of State Marco Rubio, 25 years Trump’s junior and another one-time target of Trump’s political opposition, told a House Foreign Affairs Committee hearing this month.
WHITE HOUSE REPORTERS WENT FROM COVERING AN ‘INVISIBLE PRESIDENT’ BIDEN TO ‘OMNIPRESENT’ TRUMP: POLITICO
«On the contrary, the guy doesn’t sleep, which is a big problem because he calls me at 2 in the morning. He calls me at 5 in the morning. And, you know, I like to sleep a little bit, maybe not 12 hours, but at least six. So he works. The other day he was at the Oval Office until 12:30 a.m.
«I don’t know what you’re talking about.»
Sen. John Kennedy, R-La., 74, rejected age getting in Trump’s way like it did for Biden, saying that «just because you’re 80 doesn’t mean you’re falling apart.»
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP
Trump’s birthday also arrives during a historically unusual stretch for America’s aging political class. Three baby boomer presidents — Trump, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush — all turn 80 in 2026. The latter two are long removed from active public service.
Trump is not looking to just rest after the UFC fight on the South Lawn on Sunday night. He plans to then travel early Monday to France for the annual G7 summit.
donald trump, white house, mehmet mz, joe biden, brain health
INTERNACIONAL
Estados Unidos: Donald Trump celebra sus 80 años en la Casa Blanca con un espectáculo de peleas de artes marciales de UFC

Una ruptura drástica respecto al 80 cumpleaños del presidente anterior
“Pan y circo”, al estilo Trump
INTERNACIONAL
Israel fears Trump weary of ‘highly suspicious’ Netanyahu and could ‘flip’ amid Iran deal: analyst

Trump calls out Netanyahu over Israeli strikes on Hezbollah targets
Rising Middle East tensions threaten President Donald Trump’s push for an Iran peace deal. Fox News details military pressure on Iran, including US strikes and a naval blockade, alongside Israel’s recent strikes on Hezbollah in Beirut. Discussions center on proposed deal terms, verification mechanisms, and skepticism about Iran’s commitment.
NEWYou can now listen to Fox News articles!
A regional analyst says fears that President Donald Trump could «flip» on Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu amid a critical push for a U.S.-Iran peace agreement are growing in Jerusalem, a concern highlighted Sunday after the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) struck Beirut for a second time.
Despite U.S. warnings that any strikes would derail a breakthrough with Tehran, the strikes came as Netanyahu prepared to convene Israel’s Security Cabinet and after Trump announced a new U.S.-Iran memorandum of understanding (MOU) was expected to be signed imminently.
«The strikes today in Beirut are creating issues with finalizing the deal,» a diplomat involved in the talks with Tehran told Fox News Chief Foreign Correspondent Trey Yingst, adding that they were «a clear attempt by Israel to sabotage the president’s deal and drag the United States back into war.»
Trump went on to condemn Israel’s strikes in a post on Truth Social, also telling Axios that Netanyahu had «no f—ing judgment.»
WHY TRUMP KEEPS FLIPPING ON IRAN: A PRESIDENT WHO SEES THE WORLD AS HE WANTS IT TO BE
President Donald Trump welcomes Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to his Mar-a-Lago club in Palm Beach, Fla., on Dec. 29, 2025. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)
Natan Sachs, a senior fellow at the Middle East Institute, noted there was «absolutely this fear in the Israeli government,» calling it «a rational and healthy fear» over the pending deal.
He said a strategic chasm existed between the two allies, contrasting Netanyahu’s doctrine of sustained, long-term military pressure with Trump’s pursuit of immediate diplomatic victories.
«Now there is a sense in Israel that Trump may be growing weary of Netanyahu and the Israelis, and many others believe that if he got sick and tired of him, he could break norms in other directions and flip on Israel,» Sachs, an Israeli foreign policy expert, told Fox News Digital.
With discussions underway through Pakistani mediation, the Israeli prime minister’s office released a statement shortly after Trump announced the possible deal with Tehran on June 11.
Jerusalem «is not a party to the memorandum of understanding» between Washington and Tehran, Netanyahu said before reiterating on June 12 that Iran was «working to destroy the Jewish state.» He assured Israelis he had dedicated his life to «preventing them from doing so.»
On Sunday, a senior Israeli official also said Hezbollah attacks had targeted Israeli civilians for the previous three days as Israel prepared for Iranian retaliation.
NETANYAHU DECLARES ISRAEL ‘WILL EXACT THE FULL PRICE’ AFTER IRANIAN STRIKE HITS HOSPITAL IN ISRAEL

President Trump’s push for a U.S.-Iran deal is fueling concern in Jerusalem that he could turn on Netanyahu as Israeli strikes in Beirut threaten to complicate negotiations. (Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images)
Trump had already criticized Netanyahu during a phone call earlier this month, reportedly calling him «crazy» over a first strike on Beirut that was complicating the administration’s negotiations with Iran.
«It’s not just that there seems to be a crisis — and there were clearly expletives used by the president toward the prime minister on the backdrop of a joint and large military operation,» Sachs said.
«Israel and Netanyahu had first looked at Trump and saw both enormous carrots and enormous potential sticks,» Sachs said of the start of Operation Epic Fury and Roaring Lion on Feb. 28.
«Trump was a huge opportunity for Netanyahu because he was willing to break the mold on anything, but Israel has made a potentially strategic, historic mistake in putting all its eggs in one basket,» he added.
«Netanyahu was always prepared for the long haul,» Sachs said. «And the long haul is not four months; the long haul is years. Trump likes quick wins. Once the quick win did not materialize — and it did not — now you have a whole new set of problems.»
«Trump’s preference seemed far from pursuing a much broader campaign aimed at achieving the goals that Israel prefers, and he also has a much narrower conception of what a deal would be,» he added.
TRUMP MEETS NETANYAHU, SAYS HE WANTS IRAN DEAL BUT REMINDS TEHRAN OF ‘MIDNIGHT HAMMER’ OPERATION

Lebanese civil defense workers search for victims in the rubble of a building destroyed in an Israeli airstrike in central Beirut, Lebanon, on April 9, 2026. (Hassan Ammar/AP)
Sachs noted, however, that Trump and Netanyahu broadly shared goals on curbing Iran’s nuclear ambitions, eliminating Hezbollah’s armed presence in Lebanon and establishing a post-Hamas future for Gaza.
But he said, «having that wish list is not the same as having a strategic goal. They haven’t both committed to them as strategic goals that dictate concerted action going forward.»
Sachs also argued that tensions between Trump and Netanyahu reflect different temperaments.
«Netanyahu thinks of himself as a strategic thinker — very able, and of course, he has a very high opinion of himself — but he is completely different,» he observed.
«Netanyahu is an erudite, well-educated, patient, highly suspicious and extremely pessimistic man by nature. His self-image is more, ‘I have thought everything through in ways you could not, because I’m smarter than you.’
«He’s very suspicious of everyone around him, and he’s been surrounded by this same coterie of individuals for decades.»
«In terms of personality and where they come from, their worldview is also actually very different,» Sachs added.
«You can’t imagine Netanyahu spending hours at night on social media. He doesn’t go on it himself, and it’s hard to imagine President Trump spending hours reading books, which Netanyahu likes to portray himself as doing. I doubt he has time for it, but that is an image he projects, and I think it is partially true.»
«Netanyahu also believes you live with a problem, you manage it, and you kick the can down the road. Trump is the opposite.»
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD THE FOX NEWS APP
«The U.S. may turn away and be uninterested; Israel simply does not think it has that privilege,» Sachs said.
«Netanyahu and Trump have very different time horizons, and that is partly geography and interest — and partly personality.»
donald trump, benjamin netanyahu, middle east foreign policy, treaties, israel
POLITICA3 días agoSe viralizó un tuit en el que Adorni contaba que en 2018 le habían cortado la luz por falta de pago
POLITICA2 días agoDiputados de la Coalición Cívica denunciaron penalmente a Manuel Adorni por presuntas irregularidades en sus declaraciones juradas
ECONOMIA2 días agoJan De Nul defendió el proceso de licitación de la Hidrovía con una carta a las principales entidades vinculadas a la vía navegable











