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Por qué fracasó el proyecto del avión de combate con el que Europa quería competir contra Estados Unidos y China

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El proyecto que debía convertirse en el avión de combate más avanzado de Europa terminó atrapado por disputas industriales, rivalidades políticas y desacuerdos sobre el reparto del poder. Tras años de tensiones internas, el programa Future Combat Air System (FCAS) quedó virtualmente paralizado, un desenlace que obliga a España a buscar alternativas para no quedar excluida de la próxima generación de cazas.

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Así lo explicó el analista internacional Andrei Serbin Pont en Infobae al Mediodía, donde analizó las consecuencias estratégicas de una ruptura que modifica el mapa de la industria aeronáutica occidental.

“Todo apunta a que ha muerto el caza europeo”, afirmó el especialista al referirse al proyecto que durante años buscó unir las capacidades industriales de Francia, Alemania y España para desarrollar un sistema de combate de sexta generación.

El proyecto FCAS quedó virtualmente paralizado por disputas industriales, rivalidades políticas y desacuerdos sobre el reparto de poder en Europa (REUTERS/Charles Platiau/File Photo)

El FCAS nació con una ambición extraordinaria: construir una plataforma capaz de competir con los desarrollos estadounidenses y chinos que dominarán el combate aéreo de las próximas décadas. Sin embargo, detrás de ese objetivo común convivían modelos industriales difíciles de compatibilizar.

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“Francia quería seguir un modelo en el cual cada uno de los países se especializaba en ciertos sistemas”, explicó Serbin Pont. Mientras que Alemania impulsaba un reparto más equitativo de las responsabilidades.

La discusión excedía la distribución de tareas. También involucraba el control de patentes, la propiedad intelectual de las tecnologías críticas y el liderazgo político del programa. Con el paso de los años, las diferencias fueron acumulándose hasta volver inviable la cooperación.

“Ya en ese momento se estaban hablando de fuertes tensiones”, recordó el analista. La ruptura terminó por confirmarse con la salida de actores clave del programa, un escenario que dejó a España frente a un problema estratégico inmediato: cómo garantizar su participación en el desarrollo de la próxima generación de aeronaves militares.

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El Future Combat Air System buscaba competir con Estados Unidos y China, pero las diferencias sobre patentes, propiedad intelectual y liderazgo político volvieron inviable el programa (REUTERS/Charles Platiau/File Photo)
El Future Combat Air System buscaba competir con Estados Unidos y China, pero las diferencias sobre patentes, propiedad intelectual y liderazgo político volvieron inviable el programa (REUTERS/Charles Platiau/File Photo)

Entre los socios originales del FCAS, España era el integrante con menor peso industrial y político. Precisamente por eso, la caída del proyecto la coloca en una situación particularmente delicada. “España tiene que salir a buscar una alternativa ahora. Se ha quedado a mitad de camino”, señaló Serbin Pont.

La necesidad de encontrar un nuevo rumbo no responde únicamente a cuestiones industriales. Las fuerzas aéreas europeas deberán comenzar a reemplazar durante las próximas décadas buena parte de sus actuales flotas de combate, mientras la competencia tecnológica entre Estados Unidos, China y otras potencias acelera el ritmo de innovación.

En ese contexto, incluso existe un debate sobre si Europa está preparada para dar el salto directo hacia una plataforma de sexta generación.

“Hay dudas también sobre si el proyecto tiene que apuntar realmente a un sexta generación o si tendrían que pasar en algún momento por un quinta generación”, explicó el especialista.

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Europa debate si debe avanzar hacia un avión de combate de sexta generación o pasar antes por un caza de quinta generación desarrollado por su propia industria (Europa Press)
Europa debate si debe avanzar hacia un avión de combate de sexta generación o pasar antes por un caza de quinta generación desarrollado por su propia industria (Europa Press)

A diferencia de Estados Unidos o China, Europa no opera actualmente un caza de quinta generación desarrollado por su propia industria. La excepción son los F-35 fabricados en Estados Unidos que incorporaron varios países europeos.

La crisis del FCAS aceleró movimientos en toda la industria aeronáutica del continente.

Uno de los proyectos que gana protagonismo es el Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP), impulsado por Reino Unido, Italia y Japón. Para muchos analistas, se trata del candidato natural para absorber parte del capital tecnológico y político que quedó huérfano tras el colapso del programa europeo.

“Ya habría tentativas por parte de Alemania de acercarse a este proyecto”, indicó Serbin Pont, quien además mencionó negociaciones en marcha entre Berlín y Londres.

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Otra posibilidad involucra a la industria sueca. Según explicó el analista, existieron conversaciones entre Airbus Alemania y Saab para explorar el desarrollo de una futura plataforma que eventualmente reemplace a los Gripen.

Las fuerzas aéreas europeas deberán reemplazar sus flotas de combate mientras crece la competencia tecnológica entre Estados Unidos, China y otras potencias (REUTERS/Tom Little/File Photo)
Las fuerzas aéreas europeas deberán reemplazar sus flotas de combate mientras crece la competencia tecnológica entre Estados Unidos, China y otras potencias (REUTERS/Tom Little/File Photo)

“Podría sonar como una opción bastante realista”, sostuvo, destacando la experiencia exportadora de la empresa sueca y su capacidad para integrarse en programas multinacionales.

Al mismo tiempo, Francia evalúa continuar por un camino más autónomo. París conserva una de las industrias aeronáuticas militares más completas de Occidente, lo que le permitiría impulsar un desarrollo propio e incluso incorporar posteriormente a España como socio secundario.

La caída del FCAS también reabrió una discusión más profunda dentro de Europa: cuánto depender de la tecnología estadounidense.

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Si uno quiere un caza occidental que no pueda estar sujeto a restricciones de exportación norteamericanas o británicas, la mejor opción es el Rafale”, afirmó Serbin Pont.

Saab aparece como una opción para nuevas alianzas europeas, mientras Francia analiza un camino autónomo con su industria aeronáutica militar y el Rafale (REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana)
Saab aparece como una opción para nuevas alianzas europeas, mientras Francia analiza un camino autónomo con su industria aeronáutica militar y el Rafale (REUTERS/Ajeng Dinar Ulfiana)

Según explicó, el avión francés posee una característica poco común en la industria occidental: prácticamente todos sus componentes críticos son de origen nacional. “La célula es francesa, los motores son franceses, la aviónica es francesa, las armas son francesas”, detalló.

Esa autonomía tecnológica adquiere relevancia en un contexto internacional marcado por tensiones comerciales, restricciones de exportación y cambios políticos que pueden alterar las relaciones entre aliados.

Pero Europa no es el único lugar donde España podría encontrar oportunidades. Turquía emerge como uno de los nuevos actores de peso en la industria aeronáutica militar gracias al desarrollo del KAAN, un caza de quinta generación que ya realizó vuelos de prueba y busca socios para ampliar su base industrial.

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“Ya otorgaría avances y la posibilidad de que la industria de España se integre en un proyecto de tecnología aeronáutica avanzada”, explicó el especialista.

Mientras Europa redefine sus alianzas, Estados Unidos y China continúan avanzando en sus propios programas de próxima generación.

Turquía con el KAAN y Estados Unidos con el F-47 ampliaron la competencia global, mientras la caída del FCAS dejó una lección sobre la importancia de las alianzas estratégicas (REUTERS/Carlos Barria/File Photo)
Turquía con el KAAN y Estados Unidos con el F-47 ampliaron la competencia global, mientras la caída del FCAS dejó una lección sobre la importancia de las alianzas estratégicas (REUTERS/Carlos Barria/File Photo)

Entre ellos aparece el F-47 desarrollado por Boeing, una iniciativa que todavía permanece rodeada de hermetismo, pero que figura entre los proyectos más observados por especialistas y fuerzas aéreas de todo el mundo.

“Es probablemente una de las opciones de los cazas de sexta generación que más está avanzado, compitiendo con las alternativas chinas”, evaluó Serbin Pont. Para el analista, la caída del FCAS deja una enseñanza que trasciende la industria militar y alcanza a cualquier gran proyecto tecnológico internacional.

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“Por mucho que tengas la guita y la industria, si no lográs concertar esas alianzas estratégicas, sobre todo en proyectos de esta magnitud, se hace muy difícil”, concluyó.

La historia del caza europeo demuestra que, en la competencia tecnológica, las capacidades industriales son fundamentales, pero la confianza entre socios puede resultar igual de decisiva.

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WATCH: SPLC chief doubles down on placing Charlie Kirk’s Turning Point USA on ‘hate map’

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Southern Poverty Law Center head Bryan Fair defended the left-wing organization’s decision to list mainstream conservative groups on its «hate map» during a fiery hearing Tuesday.

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Fair, SPLC’s interim executive, doubled down on the group’s designation of Turning Point USA, a conservative activist organization founded by the late Charlie Kirk, as extremist when pressed by GOP lawmakers. Turning Point was listed alongside White supremacist and neo-Nazi groups in the law center’s 2025 «Year in Hate & Extremism» report released Tuesday. 

The exchange comes as Republicans scrutinize the law center’s close ties to the Biden administration amid the Department of Justice’s pending criminal case against the nonprofit over alleged financial crimes.

«Will you recant it, or are you going to double down and say that these people, including the martyred Charlie Kirk, in fact, somehow deserve to be on your hate list?» Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., asked Fair.

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ANTI-DEFAMATION LEAGUE RETIRES GLOSSARY OF EXTREMIST GROUPS AFTER BACKLASH FOR INCLUDING CHARLIE KIRK’S TPUSA

Southern Poverty Law Center interim CEO Bryan Fair defended the left-wing organization’s designation of Turning Point USA as an extremist organization. (Al Drago/Bloomberg via Getty Images; Elizabeth Frantz/Bloomberg via Getty Images)

«Congressman, as I said in my statement,» Fair began answering, referring to his opening remarks in which he said he could not address certain topics due to the ongoing criminal probe. 

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«No, wait a second,» Issa interjected. «I heard your statement. I only want an answer to your question in the 11 seconds left. Are you going to recant, yes or no? And if you’re not going to, please don’t tell me it’s because now you’re under charges.»

«Your organization did it as much as 16 years ago. Will you take back any part of that?» the California lawmaker continued.

Fair replied, «The SPLC will continue to expose hate and extremism.»

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The nonprofit head also defended Turning Point’s «hate map» designation when questioned by Rep. Chip Roy, R-Texas.

«It is our position that TPUSA expresses views and vilifies other people based on immutable characteristics, exposing them to our listing,» Fair told Roy.

Roy said he would introduce legislation to revoke the law center’s tax-exempt status following the exchange.

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Charlie Kirk throwing hats to crowd at Utah Valley University in Orem Utah

Charlie Kirk throws hats to the crowd after arriving at Utah Valley University in Orem, Utah, on Sept. 10, 2025. (Trent Nelson/The Salt Lake Tribune/Getty Images)

INDICTED SPLC CHIEF FACES HOUSE GRILLING OVER ALLEGED SECRET PAYMENTS TO KKK MEMBERS

Turning Point spokesman Andrew Kolvet slammed Fair’s remarks in a post on social media. «Badge of honor,» Kolvet wrote in a statement following the exchange. «Screw the SPLC.»

The hearing came after the Justice Department filed an 11-count indictment against the law center in April over allegedly defrauding its donors by concealing payments to informants within extremist organizations while publicly professing to combat racism.

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Fair has denied any wrongdoing and has argued the DOJ charges are politically motivated.

He also dismissed GOP criticisms that the organization has unfairly labeled conservative groups as extremist while ignoring left-wing groups that espouse antisemitism. 

Fair struggled to answer Tuesday when asked by Roy if the law center has labeled any anti-Israel or Islamist groups as extremist.

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«Some say we’ve lost our way,» Fair told lawmakers. «That’s false. We’ve never lost our North Star: a fair and just society for every person. All our programs advance that mission.»

Democrats largely defended the law center during the contentious hearing.

Chip Roy

Rep. Chip Roy, R-Texas, vowed Tuesday to introduce legislation revoking the SPLC’s tax-exempt status. (Bill Clark/CQ-Roll Call, Inc. via Getty Images)

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«The SPLC is an enduring institutional beacon of hope for millions of people seeking to create a more perfect union,» House Judiciary Committee Ranking Member Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., said in his opening statement. «The Trump administration is thus naturally trying to tear it down.»

Fox News Digital reached out to TPUSA for comment.

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Bystanders hailed as ‘heroic’ after intervening in brutal knife attack by Sudanese migrant in UK

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A man in his 40s was hospitalized with serious injuries after a brutal knife attack in Northern Ireland, as police arrested a Sudanese migrant on suspicion of attempted murder. 

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The attack happened shortly after 10:30 p.m. Monday in north Belfast, according to the Police Service of Northern Ireland. The victim suffered serious injuries to his face, neck, back and eyes, while police said they recovered what they believe was a kitchen knife at the scene.

Video circulating online appeared to show members of the public confronting the attacker, including one person wielding a hurling stick. PSNI Assistant Chief Constable Ryan Henderson praised the bystanders as «heroic,» saying their intervention helped save the victim’s life, according to the BBC.

Police initially said the suspect was Somali but later corrected that he is believed to be Sudanese, describing the change as part of a «fast-time investigation.» Henderson said police understand the suspect came into Northern Ireland from Dublin, Ireland and had been granted leave to remain, though he said the Home Office would provide further clarity on his status.

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WAVE OF ALLEGED MIGRANT MURDERS IGNITES FURY ACROSS US AS OFFICIALS WARN OF MORE CARNAGE, CRACKDOWN NEEDED

BELFAST, NORTHERN IRELAND – JUNE 09: Police attend the scene following a stabbing attack in North Belfast on June 09, 2026 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. A knifeman has been arrested after a man was taken to hospital with serious injuries following a stabbing in north Belfast leaving the local community fearful. The incident has been condemned across the political parties offering praise to locals who intervened to stop the attack. (Charles McQuillan/Getty Images)

«At this stage, we have no information to suggest that this was a terrorist-related incident,» Henderson said, while stressing that the investigation remains in its early stages. «However, I must stress, we are still at the early stages of our investigation,» he said, according to The Sun.

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Alan Mendoza, executive director of the Henry Jackson Society, told Fox News Digital that the attack exposed what he described as failures in Britain’s immigration system.

«Britain’s broken border and migration system has been put into stark relief once more with this tragic — and entirely avoidable — case,» Mendoza said. «This man should never ever have been in the U.K., let alone been granted ‘leave to remain.’ The Irish border is the soft underbelly for a process the British public has long since lost confidence in, as well as in those administering it politically. Nothing short of a revolution in who we allow into the U.K. and how will satisfy a people fed up with false promises about immigration change.»

ILLEGAL ALIEN MURDER SUSPECT AVOIDED SYSTEM AS ICE PUSHES DEM GOVERNOR TO KEEP HIM LOCKED UP

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stabbing on Kinnaird Avenue in north Belfast, Northern Ireland

Police work at the scene of a stabbing on Kinnaird Avenue in north Belfast, Northern Ireland, on June 9, 2026. Northern Ireland police said Tuesday they had arrested a man following a «stabbing incident» in Belfast, with graphic online video prompting widespread condemnation and protest calls from UK far-right figures. The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) said the arrested man was in his 30s, believed to be Somali, and had been detained on suspicion of attempted murder following the «serious assault involving a knife». (Photo by Paul Faith / AFP via Getty Images)

The swift response from Prime Minister Keir Starmer marked a notable contrast with the case of Henry Nowak, an 18-year-old who was stabbed and then handcuffed by police after his attacker accused him of making racist remarks. Starmer faced criticism from some conservatives over his response to that case.

Keir Starmer speaks during a press conference.

Keir Starmer, UK prime minister, during a news conference providing an update on the situation in the Middle East, at Downing Street in London, UK, on Thursday, March 5, 2026.  (Tolga Akmen/EPA/Bloomberg via Getty Images)

Starmer quickly posted on X that the attack was «sickening,» adding: «I have absolutely no tolerance for abhorrent scenes of violence like this on our streets.» He said his thoughts were with the victim and thanked first responders, including members of the public who intervened.

The attack prompted political reaction across the U.K. Reform UK leader Nigel Farage called on authorities to reveal the suspect’s identity and immigration status.

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«What happened in Belfast last night is horrific. The authorities must reveal the identity and status of the attacker immediately. The public are entitled to the truth,» Farage wrote on X.

FARAGE SLAMS SECRET AFGHAN REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT TO UK, CLAIMS SEX OFFENDERS AMONG ARRIVALS

Nigel Farage speaks during a press conference

Reform UK leader Nigel Farage speaks during a press conference in Westminster, United Kingdom on June 10, 2025.  ( Thomas Krych/Anadolu via Getty Images)

Robert Jenrick also wrote on X: «We’ve woken up to truly barbaric footage on a street in Belfast. Of a kind you’d think you’d never see in this country. For years now I’ve urged the police to spell out the basic, sober facts, as they have them, when there are horrors like this.»

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Conservative Party leader Kemi Badenoch said people would ask whether there had been «failings around our borders,» according to GB News.

Northern Ireland’s main political parties issued a joint statement condemning the violence and urging the public not to share graphic footage of the attack.

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«There is no place in our society for this kind of brutality. Our immediate thoughts are with the victim and his family, and we hope he makes a full and complete recovery,» the parties said, according to GB News.

Police said they had declared a critical incident and would increase their presence across Northern Ireland amid calls for protests. Officials urged calm and asked the public to allow the investigation to proceed.

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Trump’s grip on GOP faces fresh challenge in South Carolina governor battle

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One week after President Donald Trump’s endorsement-winning streak in high-profile Republican primaries was snapped, the president’s immense clout over his party is facing another key test in South Carolina’s GOP gubernatorial nomination face-off.

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A week and a half ago, the president handed Lt. Gov. Pamela Evette 11th-hour support as she seeks to succeed a top Trump ally, term-limited Republican Gov. Henry McMaster.

Evette is facing off in the GOP primary against a handful of top rivals. They are longtime South Carolina Attorney General Alan Wilson, Reps. Nancy Mace and Ralph Norman, and multimillionaire businessman Rom Reddy.

Since no candidate was expected to top 50% of the primary vote and land a majority, the top two finishers will advance to the June 23 Republican runoff.

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South Carolina Lt. Gov. Pamela Evette announces her bid for the Republican nomination for governor at The Smokestack at Judson Mill in South Carolina on July 14, 2025. (Joshua Boucher/The State/Tribune News Service/Getty Images)

The brute force of the president’s endorsement power has been on display in GOP primaries over the past month, with his candidates ousting incumbents he targeted in showdowns in Indiana, Louisiana, Kentucky and Texas that grabbed plenty of national attention.

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But Trump’s last-minute endorsement of Republican Rep. Randy Feenstra of Iowa in the race to succeed retiring GOP Gov. Kim Reynolds — which came on the same day he also backed Evette — wasn’t enough to muscle the three-term congressman to victory.

Feenstra was narrowly edged out by Zach Lahn, a businessman, farmer and former political strategist who was backed by the political wings of MAHA — the acronym for the Make America Healthy Again movement aligned with Trump Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. — and Turning Point USA, the powerful conservative organization co-founded by the late Charlie Kirk.

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Zach Lahn raises his fist in celebration after defeating his primary opponent in Iowa’s GOP gubernatorial race on Tuesday, June 2, 2026. (Zach Lahn for Governor via Facebook)

In the South Carolina GOP gubernatorial primary, the major contenders had long been highlighting their support for Trump and his agenda in hopes of landing his support.

Trump, after staying neutral for months, endorsed Evette, praising her as an «America First Patriot» and a «WINNER» in his announcement.

The president also headlined a tele-rally for Evette on the eve of the primary.

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Hours later, on the morning of the primary, Evette once again spotlighted the president’s backing of her campaign.

In a social media post, she wrote that Trump «needs a strong partner as Governor who will deliver on our conservative America First agenda. It’s why he gave me his ‘complete and total endorsement.’ Don’t let President Trump down. Get to the polls, bring your friends & family, and VOTE EVETTE!»

But Trump, in a social media post endorsing Evette, also said he expected Evette to choose Henry McMaster Jr., the governor’s son, as her running mate for lieutenant governor.

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The comment by the president led to blowback in South Carolina political circles and speculation that McMaster, who succeeded then-Gov. Nikki Haley when she stepped down to serve as U.N. ambassador during Trump’s first term and who is in his 10th year as governor, was trying to give his son a political boost.

But McMaster denied any deal or pressure, and Evette has said she wouldn’t name any running mate until after the primary is over.

South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster, Donald Trump, and Lt. Gov. Pamela Evette standing on stage in Columbia

South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster, then-Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump and Lt. Gov. Pamela Evette stand on stage during an election night watch party at the State Fairgrounds in Columbia, S.C., on Feb. 24, 2024. (Win McNamee/Getty Images)

And on Friday, the younger McMaster took his name out of contention, saying it was «incredibly humbling» to be mentioned as a possible lieutenant governor candidate, but that «now is simply not the right time.»

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Pointing to what he said was a smaller-than-expected bounce in the polls for Evette, longtime South Carolina political strategist Dave Wilson told Fox News Digital he thinks the Trump endorsement «backfired» because of the president’s push for the younger McMaster to join the Evette ticket.

«In South Carolina, we really don’t take it very well when Washington tries to tell us what to do,» Wilson emphasized.

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