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De la revolución industrial a la IA: el recorrido de los papas ante grandes transformaciones sociales y tecnológicas

El papa León XIV publicará este lunes su primera encíclica, Magnifica Humanitas (“Magnífica Humanidad”), un documento centrado en las cuestiones éticas que plantea la inteligencia artificial, en línea con una larga tradición de pontífices que fijaron posición ante transformaciones científicas, sociales y tecnológicas.
La encíclica será la primera de su pontificado, una suerte de manifiesto con el que los papas suelen pronunciarse sobre grandes temas de su tiempo.
Con este texto, León XIV se sumará a una tradición que atraviesa más de un siglo y en la que distintos pontífices intervinieron frente a cambios de gran impacto, desde la Revolución Industrial hasta la expansión de internet y las redes sociales.
La primera gran respuesta estructurada de la Iglesia ante una transformación tecnológica llegó a fines del siglo XIX. En 1891, en plena Revolución Industrial, León XIII publicó la encíclica Rerum Novarum (“De las cosas nuevas”).
Frente a la urbanización acelerada, el crecimiento de las fábricas y la precariedad creciente del proletariado, el papa buscó proponer un camino entre el capitalismo liberal y el socialismo revolucionario. El documento defendió tanto la propiedad privada como los derechos de los trabajadores, en particular su capacidad de organizarse colectivamente. La encíclica sentó además las bases de una doctrina social católica construida sobre principios como la dignidad de la persona, la solidaridad y el bien común.

Poco después de su elección en mayo de 2025, León XIV explicó que eligió su nombre en referencia a León XIII y a esa doctrina. Su nueva encíclica, además, fue firmada el 15 de mayo, exactamente 135 años después de Rerum Novarum.
En el siglo XX, la Iglesia enfrentó otra revolución: el auge de los medios de comunicación masivos. A mediados del siglo pasado, la expansión de la prensa, la radio, el cine y la televisión transformó profundamente la circulación de la información.
En ese contexto, el Concilio Vaticano II (1962-1965), una etapa de reformas y apertura dentro de la Iglesia, adoptó en 1963 el decreto Inter Mirifica (“Entre las cosas maravillosas”). Por primera vez, esos nuevos medios fueron considerados una cuestión central de la vida social y cultural. La Iglesia reconoció su papel en la formación de la opinión pública y reclamó un uso responsable, tanto por parte de quienes producen contenidos como de las audiencias.
El texto insistió además en la necesidad de contar con información confiable y completa, y pidió evitar cualquier “daño espiritual”.
Ese documento marcó un cambio importante dentro del Vaticano: en lugar de mantenerse a distancia, la Iglesia optó por involucrarse en esos nuevos espacios y alentó, entre otras iniciativas, la creación de medios católicos.

Ese mismo año, otro escenario de crisis global llevó al papado a pronunciarse sobre la amenaza nuclear.
Publicada en abril de 1963, pocos meses después de la Crisis de los Misiles en Cuba de octubre de 1962, la encíclica Pacem in Terris (“Paz en la Tierra”), de Juan XXIII, apareció en un momento en que el mundo estaba al borde de una guerra nuclear.
En nombre de la “justicia… la recta razón y la consideración de la dignidad y de la vida humanas”, el pontífice pidió el fin de la carrera armamentista entre Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética. El documento sostuvo además que “las armas nucleares deben ser prohibidas. Debe alcanzarse un acuerdo general sobre un programa adecuado de desarme, con un sistema eficaz de control mutuo”.
Décadas más tarde, la informática e internet abrieron una nueva etapa de transformación.
Desde la década de 1990, la digitalización de los intercambios y la aparición de una esfera pública global marcaron una nueva fase, en la que el Vaticano volvió a intervenir. Juan Pablo II consideró internet un medio inédito de comunicación y difusión. La Iglesia alentó una presencia activa en línea, aunque al mismo tiempo pidió un uso responsable.
Benedicto XVI profundizó esa reflexión y subrayó riesgos propios del mundo digital, como la fragmentación de las relaciones, el predominio de la inmediatez y la dificultad para distinguir información confiable.

Con el auge de las redes sociales, el Vaticano también advirtió sobre la polarización del debate y la difusión de contenidos engañosos, especialmente durante el pontificado de Francisco (2013-2025).
Con la encíclica Laudato Si’ (“Alabado seas”), publicada en 2015, el papa argentino también criticó los excesos de un modelo tecnocrático y económico considerado responsable de la crisis ecológica.
Con Magnifica Humanitas, León XIV volverá a fijar posición sobre una transformación tecnológica de alcance global, esta vez centrada en las cuestiones éticas que plantea la inteligencia artificial, en continuidad con una tradición papal de intervención ante los grandes cambios de cada época.
(Con información de AFP)
Revolución Industrial,Inteligencia Artificial,papas,tecnología,Vaticano,sociedad,futuro,historia,iglesia,transformación
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At least 82 killed after massive gas explosion rips through coal mine in China

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At least 82 people were killed and more than 120 others hospitalized after a massive gas explosion ripped through a coal mine in China late Friday, according to the Associated Press (AP). Two people remained missing.
The catastrophic blast at the Liushenyu coal mine in Qinyuan County, located in China’s northern Shanxi province, marked the country’s deadliest mining disaster in recent years.
Local officials, who have launched an investigation into the incident, said they uncovered «serious violations» by the mine’s operator, Shanxi Tongzhou Coal & Coke Group.
The explosion also triggered a wave of heightened safety inspections across China’s coal sector, tightening the supply outlook for coking coal and sending prices soaring Monday, according to Reuters.
EARTHQUAKE 50 MILES FROM MOUNT EVEREST LEAVES AT LEAST 95 DEAD IN TIBET
Rescuers work at the site following a gas explosion at Liushenyu coal mine in Qinyuan county, Shanxi province, China May 23, 2026. (cnsphoto via REUTERS)
According to the AP, the explosion triggered a chaotic scene where thick smoke engulfed the mine and suffocated many victims underground.
One miner lost consciousness, while many others suffered from toxic gas exposure, the outlet added, citing state broadcaster CCTV.
The explosion has reportedly intensified scrutiny from Chinese officials, who said investigators found multiple violations at the site, though details remain unclear.
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A deadly gas explosion ripped through the Liushenyu coal mine in Qinyuan county, Shanxi province, China on May 23, 2026. (China Daily via REUTERS)
In 2024, China’s National Mine Safety Administration had previously classified the mine as disaster-prone due to its «high gas content,» the AP reported.
State media also reported that blueprints provided by the mine did not match the site’s actual layout, complicating rescue operations, the outlet added.
Chinese President Xi Jinping called for a full-scale effort to rescue those still missing and ordered a thorough investigation to hold those responsible accountable, the AP said, citing official Xinhua News Agency.
SIBANYE WORKERS BEGIN TO SURFACE AFTER ACCIDENT AT SOUTH AFRICAN GOLD MINE

Following a major gas explosion, rescuers arrive at Liushenyu coal mine in Qinyuan county, Shanxi province, China May 23, 2026. (cnsphoto via REUTERS)
The state-run outlet later reported that company officials connected to the disaster had been «placed under control,» according to the AP.
China has suffered a string of deadly mining disasters in recent decades even as officials have pledged to strengthen oversight of the sector.
In 2023, at least 53 people were killed in Inner Mongolia following reports of a collapse at an open-pit mine.
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In 2009, a reported explosion at a coal mine in Heilongjiang province left 108 people dead.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
china, fires disasters, disasters, xi jinping
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Dr. Janette Nesheiwat takes new role at Walter Reed treating Havana Syndrome: ‘A profound honor’

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EXCLUSIVE: Dr. Janette Nesheiwat has taken on a new role working at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center caring for members of the U.S. military and veterans, a job she says is a «profound honor.»
Nesheiwat, a former Fox News contributor who was previously nominated for U.S. surgeon general, told Fox News Digital she is specifically treating government and military personnel suffering with anomalous health incidents — also known as Havana Syndrome.
Nesheiwat told Fox News Digital she is helping to manage care for patients including intelligence officials, diplomats and military members and their families who are suffering with complex neurological and vestibular symptoms.
Havana Syndrome is often described as unexplained neurological symptoms suffered by U.S. officials and their families overseas. Officials have suggested the symptoms could be caused by a hostile foreign actor using weapons, but the direct cause is currently under investigation by U.S. intelligence agencies and congressional committees. A definitive conclusion has not yet been reached.
HAVANA SYNDROME ‘PATIENT ZERO’ REJECTS INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY FINDINGS THAT FOREIGN ADVERSARY ‘VERY UNLIKELY’
Dr. Janette Nesheiwat is working at Walter Reed focusing on Havana Syndrome. (Kristy Belcher)
«It’s a profound honor to care for our nation’s soldiers and veterans at Walter Reed and the VA; many returning from the front lines with traumatic brain injuries, blast exposures and complex neurological symptoms,» Nesheiwat told Fox News Digital.
Nesheiwat told Fox News Digital that it is the mission of Walter Reed and the VA to «provide comprehensive, compassionate, evidence-based care that helps patients heal, recover function, and return to the highest level of wellness possible.»
«It is an honor being part of a team dedicated to helping our brave service men and women heal and regain hope after sacrificing so much for our great country,» Nesheiwat told Fox News Digital.
Nesheiwat told Fox News Digital that «service and sacrifice run deep in my family.»
«Several members of my family are veterans of the Korean War, the Afghanistan War and Iraq War,» she said. «Their example, along with many others, gave me a deep respect for our military and makes caring for soldiers and veterans at Walter Reed and in the emergency room especially meaningful this Memorial Day weekend.»
Nesheiwat, a double-board certified physician in both family medicine and urgent care medicine, also volunteers in the emergency room at the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Nesheiwat graduated from both the American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine and the family medicine residency program at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, where she was selected to serve as chief resident.

Part of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC) in Washington, D.C., circa 1960. (Harvey Meston/Archive Photos/Getty Images)
BIDEN DHS’S PURCHASE OF WEAPON LINKED TO HAVANA SYNDROME ATTACKS LEADS HOUSE REPUBLICANS TO DEMAND ANSWERS
Nesheiwat, a daughter of Jordanian immigrants, led frontline medical teams during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, along with her past work managing public health responses during flu epidemics, the opioid crisis, the monkeypox outbreak and other major health challenges.
She also was named the first female medical director for CityMD in Manhattan — one of America’s largest urgent care systems.
Nesheiwat was previously nominated to serve as U.S. Surgeon General. Her nomination was withdrawn amid a difference in ideology on her pro-vaccine stance.

President Trump nominated Dr. Janette Nesheiwat as U.S. Surgeon General. (White House Photographers Office)
A source familiar told Fox News Digital that Nesheiwat has initiated legal action against media outlets that have mischaracterized her background.
Upon the withdrawal of her nomination, Nesheiwat said she was «looking forward» to continuing to support Trump while working closely with the Trump administration «in a senior policy role.»
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«My focus continues to be on improving the health and well-being of all Americans, and that mission hasn’t changed,» Nesheiwat said at the time.
She is the sister-in-law of U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Michael Waltz.
Casey Means was nominated to serve as U.S. Surgeon General after Nesheiwat’s nomination was withdrawn. Means’ nomination was recently withdrawn, and Trump instead nominated now-former Fox News contributor Dr. Nicole Saphier.
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