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US economic chokehold on Iran reaches peak leverage as collapse risks emerge

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U.S. economic pressure on Iran has reached one of its most powerful points in decades, but inconsistent enforcement has prevented sanctions from achieving their full impact, according to a former Treasury sanctions expert.

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Miad Maleki, who played a central role in Treasury Department sanctions campaigns against Iran and its network of proxy groups, said in an on-camera interview the current moment reflects a rare convergence of economic, political and diplomatic leverage against Tehran.

«We’ve never had the level of leverage that we have today with Iran in the history of our conflict … since 1979,» Maleki said. 

His assessment comes as President Donald Trump signaled escalating pressure Thursday, writing on Truth Social that the United States has «total control over the Strait of Hormuz» and that it is effectively «sealed up tight» until Iran agrees to a deal.

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Maleki argues the current moment marks a turning point because multiple pressure tools — sanctions, a U.S. naval blockade, and tighter enforcement — are being applied simultaneously for the first time in years. Unlike previous cycles, he said, the strategy is now directly targeting Iran’s oil exports and the networks that help move them, raising the risk of a rapid economic squeeze.

He said Iran may run out of oil storage in as little as two to three weeks, forcing production cuts, while gasoline shortages could hit on a similar timeline due to heavy reliance on imports. Combined with an estimated $435 million in daily economic losses, the pressure could spill into the financial system, leaving the regime struggling to pay salaries and raising the risk of renewed unrest.

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An oil tanker is seen near the terminal at Kharg Island, Iran, as U.S. officials and analysts consider whether seizing the island could significantly impact Iran’s oil exports. (Ali Mohammadi/Bloomberg)

Maleki said the real leverage lies in sustained economic pressure and enforcement.

At the core of that pressure is an Iranian economy he describes as «on the verge of collapse,» driven by years of sanctions and compounded by recent disruptions.

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He pointed to triple-digit food inflation, a sharply devalued currency and a roughly 90% collapse in purchasing power, along with potential long-term oil revenue losses of up to $14 billion annually.

Maleki, who is currently a senior fellow at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, estimated that current conditions are costing Iran «about $435 million a day in combined economic damage … with the blockade and closure of the Strait of Hormuz.»

A key driver of that pressure is the Strait of Hormuz, long viewed as one of Iran’s primary tools of leverage in global energy markets. Maleki said the dynamic has shifted.

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IRAN IS ‘TRYING TO GIVE THE GLOBAL ECONOMY A HEART ATTACK’ BY CLOSING STRAIT OF HORMUZ, UAE MINISTER SAYS

oil hub at Kharg Island

Former President Donald Trump weighs a potential attack on Iran’s oil hub at Kharg Island amid expert predictions of market chaos. (Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto)

«Iran’s economy relies on the Strait of Hormuz more than any other economy,» he said, calling its closure a form of «economic self-sabotage.»

While countries in Asia — including Japan, South Korea, India and China — are most exposed to disruptions, many have built up reserves. «Japan’s oil reserve is pretty significant. Same with China,» Maleki said.

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Still, the region remains heavily dependent on the waterway, with roughly 75% of liquefied natural gas supplies for countries including India, China and South Korea flowing through the strait.

Inside Iran, however, vulnerabilities are more immediate. Despite vast oil reserves, the country imports between 30 million to 60 million liters of gasoline per day to cover a domestic shortfall of up to 35 million liters.

«If they run out of gasoline… they’re going to have a major crisis domestically,» Maleki said, noting that past shortages and price hikes have triggered widespread protests.

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NUCLEAR EXPERTS WARN IRAN’S URANIUM ‘RIGHT’ IS A MYTH, SAY TRUMP IS RIGHT TO HOLD FIRM

The economic pressure is being reinforced by a U.S. naval blockade targeting Iran’s oil exports, the regime’s primary source of revenue.

A billboard showing a portrait of the late Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei looming over an empty square.

A billboard showing a portrait of the late Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who was killed in U.S.-Israeli strikes, looms over an empty square in Tehran, Iran, Thursday, March 5, 2026. (Vahid Salemi/AP Photo)

A senior administration official said the Treasury Department is intensifying enforcement under what it describes as an «Economic Fury» campaign, using financial and maritime tools in tandem to squeeze Iran’s revenue streams.

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The official said the strategy focuses on «systematically degrading Iran’s ability to generate, move, and repatriate funds,» including by constraining maritime trade through the naval blockade, which targets Iran’s primary source of revenue from oil exports.

Financial pressure is also expanding globally. The official said Treasury has warned banks in China, Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates and Oman that facilitating Iranian trade could expose them to secondary sanctions, signaling a more aggressive approach to enforcement beyond Iran’s borders.

Treasury has issued sanctions on more than 1,000 targets since 2025 under the current maximum pressure campaign, the official said, aimed at disrupting Iran’s oil trade and financial networks.

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The official added that Iran is facing immediate logistical constraints, warning that storage capacity at Kharg Island — the country’s main oil export terminal — could be filled within days if exports remain blocked, potentially forcing production shut-ins.

«Treasury will continue to freeze the funds stolen by the corrupt leadership on behalf of the people of Iran,» the official warned.

A new analysis from United Against Nuclear Iran said the blockade is already deterring high-value shipments, even as some Iran-linked vessels continue to transit the region.

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TRUMP CLAIMS IRAN ‘STARVING FOR CASH,’ ‘COLLAPSING FINANCIALLY’ AFTER EXTENDING CEASEFIRE

Two oil tankers seized in the Strait of Hormuz

Iran seized two oil tankers Thursday while former Iranian minister Ezzatollah Zarghami threatened to make the Strait of Hormuz a «massacre and hell» for U.S. forces. (Giuseppe Cacace/AFP)

«Effectiveness should not be measured by the total number of Iran-linked vessels at sea,» the group said in an April 22 statement. «But by whether the U.S. is disrupting high-value Iranian oil exports… and deterring large-scale illicit shipments.»

At least 29 vessels have been turned around or forced back to port, including several very large crude carriers, according to the report.

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The blockade, announced April 12 and enforced by U.S. Central Command, is designed to cut off Iranian crude exports, particularly shipments to China, while prioritizing high-impact targets.

While sanctions are clearly biting, Maleki said their impact has been limited by inconsistent enforcement across successive U.S. administrations.

U.S. sanctions on Iran have been in place in various forms for years, targeting the country’s oil exports, banking sector and access to global financial systems.

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Under the Obama administration, sanctions pressure was partially lifted under the nuclear deal. The first Trump administration reimposed «maximum pressure,» but enforcement ramped up gradually and lasted only a limited period. The Biden administration later eased enforcement in pursuit of diplomacy.

He argued that cycles of tightening and relief — including sanctions rollback under the Iran nuclear deal and pauses in enforcement — have allowed Tehran to adapt.

«What’s different now,» Maleki said, is the combination of sustained sanctions with real-time enforcement measures that directly restrict Iran’s ability to export oil — a step that was largely absent in earlier phases.

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To maximize pressure, Maleki said Washington must sustain enforcement, particularly through secondary sanctions targeting foreign banks and companies facilitating Iranian trade.

Crucially, he downplayed the likelihood that outside powers could offset the pressure.

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Anti-regime protesters marching in the streets of Tehran

Anti-regime protests engulf the streets of Tehran, Iran, on Jan. 6, 2025. (Reuters)

«I can’t really point to any other nation… that is going to jump in and give the Iranian regime a lifeline,» he said.

«At some point in the next few weeks to a few months, they’re going to face not just gasoline shortages and oil production disruptions, but also a major banking problem to pay salaries of government employees and IRGC personnel,» he said. «Iranians run out of patience again, as they did before, and they’re back on the street. I’m not quite sure if you’re going to have unpaid IRGC forces willing to go back on the street and kill their fellow Iranians who have the same grievances that they have now, which is a collapsed economy.»

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Creadores de contenido arriesgan su seguridad y libertad al ingresar a la casa donde cayó alias “Diablo”, advierten autoridades costarricenses

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Creadores de contenido publicaron en redes sociales imágenes del interior del inmueble y mostraron daños por disparos y pertenencias que quedaron en la propiedad./ (Teletica)

Las visitas de creadores de contenido a la vivienda donde se realizó la Operación Némesis, en la que fue detenido Alejandro Arias Monge, alias “Diablo”, han encendido alertas entre las autoridades de Costa Rica.

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El Organismo de Investigación Judicial (OIJ) advirtió que quienes ingresan a la casa ubicada en San Bernardino de Sarapiquí, Heredia, y difunden videos en redes sociales, pueden enfrentarse a consecuencias legales y riesgos contra su integridad.

La advertencia la realizó el director interino del OIJ, Michael Soto, tras la circulación en Internet de imágenes del interior del inmueble, escenario de un violento enfrentamiento armado.

Según informó Teletica, los creadores de contenido han publicado grabaciones donde muestran los daños causados por los disparos y las pertenencias que aún se encuentran dentro de la propiedad.

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Las imágenes evidencian los rastros de la operación que llevó a la captura de Arias Monge y de Jonathan Pérez Méndez, alias “Tan”. El operativo, ejecutado el viernes 24 de julio por el Servicio Especial de Respuesta Táctica (SERT) y agentes contra el crimen organizado, culminó con la muerte de una persona identificada como “Coco Guácimo” y dejó agentes heridos.

Este video fue elaborado por un creador de contenido de Costa Rica, identificado como Ricky Molina, quien muestra imágenes de la vivienda donde fue arrestado Alejandro Arias Monge, conocido como «Diablo», quien es acusado por varios delitos, entre ellos, narcotráfico; por lo que era considerado como el hombre más buscado en este país./ (TikTok de Ricky Molina)

La publicación de estos recorridos ha provocado la reacción del OIJ. Michael Soto calificó la acción como “irresponsable” y solicitó máxima prudencia a quienes buscan contenido viral en este tipo de escenarios.

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“Irresponsable desde dos puntos de vista: estamos hablando de que ya no es una casa de interés policial, pero que tiene propietario y que podría acusarlo de violación de domicilio y, segundo, que esta estructura criminal es una de las más peligrosas que hay en el país y todavía hay personas de este grupo libres, están en procesos de investigación y que, tal vez, no les guste el video y puedan hacer algo contra esta persona”, declaró Soto, según Teletica.

El titular del OIJ subrayó que el inmueble ya fue inspeccionado por los agentes, quienes recolectaron todas las pruebas necesarias posterior al enfrentamiento a balazos. Tras las diligencias, la vivienda “ya no reviste interés policial”, pero permanece bajo la titularidad de un particular. Soto explicó que, de acuerdo con la investigación, la casa no pertenece ni a Arias Monge ni a los demás integrantes del grupo criminal.

“Ellos se movían constantemente de una casa a otra, cambiaban de casa cada semana, cierta cantidad de días, a veces 15 días,” afirmó Soto, citado por Teletica. Agregó que la propiedad fue alquilada por un tercero, quien aparentemente se dedica a gestionar viviendas para el grupo.

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Alejandro Arias Monge, alias “Diablo”, fue detenido tras permanecer más de diez años prófugo y convertirse en uno de los principales objetivos del OIJ y el Ministerio Público. /(Crédito: OIJ)
Alejandro Arias Monge, alias “Diablo”, fue detenido tras permanecer más de diez años prófugo y convertirse en uno de los principales objetivos del OIJ y el Ministerio Público. /(Crédito: OIJ)

La incursión de creadores de contenido en este tipo de espacios puede derivar en denuncias por violación de domicilio, ya que el propietario podría presentar cargos aunque no tenga relación con los involucrados en la operación. Además, el riesgo personal se extiende al ámbito criminal, dado que existen miembros de la organización aún prófugos o bajo investigación.

“Debe tener mucha prudencia porque estamos hablando de algo muy serio y muy delicado, y por ganarse unos ‘likes’, puede poner en riesgo su libertad, desde el punto de vista legal, y su integridad, desde el punto de vista de la estructura criminal”, indicó Soto, según recogió Teletica.

El impacto de la Operación Némesis y la posterior viralización de imágenes del sitio han puesto en el centro del debate la responsabilidad de quienes generan contenido digital a costa de su seguridad y de las normas legales. El OIJ reiteró que las inspecciones policiales concluyeron y que cualquier acceso posterior al inmueble no cuenta con aval de la institución. Hasta el momento, no se ha reportado la presencia del propietario durante el operativo ni en las horas siguientes.

La vivienda, situada en una zona rural de Heredia, fue uno de los puntos clave del operativo dirigido a desarticular una de las estructuras criminales consideradas más peligrosas de Costa Rica. El OIJ recomendó a la población abstenerse de intentar ingresar o grabar material en lugares que han sido escenario de hechos violentos o investigaciones policiales, tanto por motivos legales como de seguridad personal.

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Sudan’s forgotten war leaves millions hungry as global attention remains elsewhere

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As multiple international crises grip the world, from Iran to Russia’s war in Ukraine, Sudan quietly remains one of the largest humanitarian and displacement disasters in the world.

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Since the outbreak of hostilities in 2023, over 14 million people have been displaced and nearly 34 million people are in desperate need of humanitarian support, accounting for 10% of global needs, according to the International Rescue Committee.

«The war in Sudan has caused the world’s largest humanitarian crisis and has escalated into a regional war involving all of its neighbors as well as numerous Middle Eastern powers,» Alan Boswell, Project Director for the Horn of Africa at International Crisis Group, told Fox News Digital.

«Despite this, world leaders continue to ignore the conflict, leaving it to subordinates. That approach continues to fail,» Boswell added.

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COULD THIS AFRICAN NATION BECOME TRUMP’S NEXT TERROR TARGET AS JIHADISTS CLOSE IN ON POWER?

Women and children queue to receive free food being distributed in al-Mohayra camp for displaced people, near the city of El-Obeid in the southern Kordofan region, on June 29, 2026.  (AFP via Getty Images)

The United Nations says that some 19.5 million people are experiencing acute hunger, and 4.5 million people have fled the country.

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The U.S. also recently imposed an additional round of sanctions against the Sudanese Armed Forces for allegedly using chemical weapons in 2024 in violations of the Chemical Weapons Convention.

The Sudanese government denied the allegations.

The Trump administration has made significant efforts in trying to mediate between Russia and Ukraine, as well as bring Israel’s war against Gaza to an end. The administration is also trying to uphold a shaky ceasefire that was agreed with Iran to halt the war that began on February 28.

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«For three years, we have warned that Sudan was on the brink of catastrophe, and those warnings have gone unanswered,» said International Rescue Committee Country Director Richard Data.

Sudan’s recent outbreak of civil war, following years of coups and credible accusations of ethnic cleansing and genocide, persists under the radar.

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Sudanese Armed Popular Resistance Force.

Members of Sudanese Armed Popular Resistance Force take part in a military parade for fresh graduates, in Al-Qadarif state, in eastern Sudan on May 20, 2026.  (AFP via Getty Images)

The civil war broke out in April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces led by Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, widely known as «Hemedti,» leader of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

The two had been in an uneasy alliance ruling the country following the 2019 overthrow of Sudan’s longtime dictator, Omar al-Bashir, who had been in power since 1989. Together, the generals staged another coup in 2021, toppling the interim civilian government that had been in power after the fall of Bashir.

While both the Sudanese Armed Forces and RSF are accused of committing atrocities, recent reports have highlighted the brutality of the RSF.

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A major focus of the deteriorating conditions has been in El-Obeid in North Kordofan state, where an escalating hunger crisis is plaguing over 100,000 displaced people in camps throughout the city.

«What we need to do is really now to plan for the scale-up beyond the 100,000 people that we have been supporting,» said World Food Programme Sudan Country Director, Abdallah Alwardat.

Sudan conflict

Members of the Sudanese army’s Special Mission Forces batallion in the Northern State hold a parade in Karima city on May 19, 2024. Sudan has been in the throes of conflict for over a year between the regular army led by de facto ruler Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and the RSF led by his former deputy Mohamed Hamdan Daglo.  (AFP via Getty Images)

El Fasher in the Darfur region is another major flashpoint, where the RSF took control in October 2025 and killed more than 6,000 people in the initial siege of the city.

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A recent July report from the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights revealed widespread acts of sexual violence against women and girls, some as young as 12, including reports of mass and gang rapes committed by the RSF.

The RSF is also accused of abduction, with survivors describing incidents of girls and women being beaten, having their hands tied behind their backs, and being driven away in a Land cruiser.

Sudanese displaced

Sudanese displaced people gather at the Zam Zam refugee camp outside the town of El-Fashir in the Darfour region of Sudan, during a visit by U.N. officials, on July 1, 2004. The U.N. humanitarian aid and refugee agencies appealed Wednesday, Feb. 7, 2024, for $4.1 billion in international support for embattled civilians in Sudan amid signs that some may be dying of starvation after nearly a year of war there between the forces of rival generals. (AP Photo/Karel Prinsloo, File)

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The United Nations and other human rights groups have accused the RSF of perpetrating ethnically targeted attacks and concluded that at least three components of genocide have been overwhelmingly met, including deliberately inflicting conditions of life intended to destroy a group in whole or in part.

A U.N. report from September 2025 found that the Sudanese Armed Forces have also committed war crimes and attacked civilian populations and infrastructure. Both the Sudanese Armed Forces, and the RSF, targeted civilians with perceived affiliations to the enemy, with executions, torture and rape commonplace.



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Rusia pide la captura de Pavel Durov, dueño de Telegram: ¿Enemigo o agente al servicio de Vladimir Putin?

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La vida política de Pavel Durov, fundador y propietario de Telegram, icono libertario, dio muchos tumbos en los últimos años. Cuando la Justicia francesa ordenó su detención y procesamiento en 2024, el caso se presentó como un debate sobre la libertad de expresión, la privacidad y la soberanía digital. En ese debate Durov era el libertario acosado por la censura y el control del Estado francés.

Rusia decidió este miércoles aumentar la presión sobre el servicio de mensajería Telegram, utilizado profusamente por jóvenes, empresarios y militares, al declarar en busca y captura a Dúrov, residente en el extranjero.

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Pero el pasado de Durov tiene muchas más capas. Durante los últimos años hasta su procesamiento en Francia, Telegram fue derivando hasta convertirse en una herramienta al servicio de la estrategia europea del Kremlin, funcionando como correa de transmisión de cualquier partido político o grupúsculo que atacara a las democracias europeas y potenciara a las derechas más extremas.

La detención de Durov en Francia (fue procesado pero liberado en pocos días) produjo una alianza extraña. En su defensa salieron tanto opositores rusos, exiliados, enemigos de Putin, que lo veían como el icono libertario que había sido, hasta los propagandistas del Kremlin, en Europa y en Rusia, que venían su función actual como muy útil para sus intereses.

La propaganda rusa decía que Durov no era más que un descarriado, alguien que se había dejado engañar al creer que las democracias liberales occidentales eran mejores que el régimen ruso.

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Para los libertarios, el Estado es el enemigo y Telegram una de sus últimas trincheras para defender la libertad frente a ese enemigo. Pero los hechos relacionados con Durov y Telegram muestran que ese cuento no es cierto.

Es cierto que Durov tuvo choques con las autoridades rusas hasta 2020. En 2018, por ejemplo, el Kremlin ordenó a sus telefónicas bloquear Telegram por negarse a entregar las claves que permitían desencriptar mensajes.

A partir de ahí algo empezó a cambiar. En 2020 esa prohibición se levantó sin causa aparente y la relación entre Durov y el Kremlin empezó a normalizarse. A partir de ahí Telegram fue el niño bueno del poder ruso. No sólo aceptó sus peticiones, sino que ese año empezó a colaborar activamente con la represión del Kremlin.

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En 2021 Telegram bloqueó el bot de “voto inteligente” que había desarrollado el entorno de Alexei Navalny, el principal opositor que tuvo el presidente Vladimir Putin en la última década y que murió asesinado en una prisión rusa en febrero de 2024. Europa acusó a Putin de haber ordenado su asesinato.

Durov también cambió parte de su discurso en 2020. Desde ese año concentró sus críticas en Apple y Google, y dejó de hablar de la censura y la falta de democracia en Rusia. En una entrevista con el todavía muy trumpiano y a la vez propagandista ruso en Estados Unidos Tucker Carlson, insistió en esa línea. El Estado autoritario ruso ya no era su enemigo, sino las grandes plataformas estadounidenses.

A partir de la invasión rusa de Ucrania en febrero de 2022, mientras las grandes plataformas estadounidenses (Meta, Google) limitaban en lo posible la propaganda estatal rusa, Telegram mantuvo un sistema de moderación inútil y los agentes del Kremlin, en Rusia y fuera de Rusia, siguieron usando esa plataforma como correa de transmisión de su propaganda. La diplomacia europea considera que la plataforma tuvo usos militares a favor de Rusia y en contra de Ucrania. Además, Rusia ayudó a Telegram bloqueando otras redes en su territorio, como X.

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El Durov que fue procesado en Francia aseguró que se trataba de “persecución política”, pero desde 2020 no es el libertario y rebelde antisistema que se vanagloria de ser, sino un actor importante de la estrategia de propaganda del Kremlin.

Además, desde entonces ayuda a la extrema derecha europea y ataca a los gobiernos que intentan poner orden en la ley de la selva que ha sido hasta hace poco la falta de regulación de la actividad de las plataformas.

Durov vuelve a los medios por una orden de detención rusa. Sólo falta saber si ha vuelto a cambiar y ahora se enfrenta al Kremlin.

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